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Young Turk Social Engineering

Young Turk Social Engineering
Author: Uǧur Ümit Üngör
Publisher:
Total Pages: 450
Release: 2009
Genre: Armenian Genocide, 1915-1923
ISBN:

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The Young Turks' Crime Against Humanity

The Young Turks' Crime Against Humanity
Author: Taner Akçam
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Total Pages: 528
Release: 2013-08-04
Genre: History
ISBN: 0691159564

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An unprecedented look at secret documents showing the deliberate nature of the Armenian genocide Introducing new evidence from more than 600 secret Ottoman documents, this book demonstrates in unprecedented detail that the Armenian Genocide and the expulsion of Greeks from the late Ottoman Empire resulted from an official effort to rid the empire of its Christian subjects. Presenting these previously inaccessible documents along with expert context and analysis, Taner Akçam's most authoritative work to date goes deep inside the bureaucratic machinery of Ottoman Turkey to show how a dying empire embraced genocide and ethnic cleansing. Although the deportation and killing of Armenians was internationally condemned in 1915 as a "crime against humanity and civilization," the Ottoman government initiated a policy of denial that is still maintained by the Turkish Republic. The case for Turkey's "official history" rests on documents from the Ottoman imperial archives, to which access has been heavily restricted until recently. It is this very source that Akçam now uses to overturn the official narrative. The documents presented here attest to a late-Ottoman policy of Turkification, the goal of which was no less than the radical demographic transformation of Anatolia. To that end, about one-third of Anatolia's 15 million people were displaced, deported, expelled, or massacred, destroying the ethno-religious diversity of an ancient cultural crossroads of East and West, and paving the way for the Turkish Republic. By uncovering the central roles played by demographic engineering and assimilation in the Armenian Genocide, this book will fundamentally change how this crime is understood and show that physical destruction is not the only aspect of the genocidal process.


The Young Turk Legacy and Nation Building

The Young Turk Legacy and Nation Building
Author: Erik J. Zürcher
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Total Pages: 368
Release: 2014-05-16
Genre: History
ISBN: 0857731718

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The grand narrative of "The Young Turk Legacy and Nation Building" is that of the essential continuity of the late Ottoman Empire with the Republic of Turkey that was founded in 1923. Erik J. Zurcher shows that Kemal's 'ideological toolkit', which included positivism, militarism, nationalism and a state-centred world view, was shared by many other Young Turks. Authoritarian rule, a one-party state, a legal framework based on European principles, advanced European-style bureaucracy, financial administration, military and educational reforms and state-control of Islam, can all be found in the late Ottoman Empire, as can policies of demographic engineering. The book focuses on the attempts of the Young Turks to save their empire through forced modernization as well as on the attempts of their Kemalist successors to build a strong national state. The decade of almost continuous warfare, ethnic conflict and forced migration between 1911 and 1922 forms the background to these attempts and accordingly occupies a central position in this volume. This is a powerful history reflecting and contributing to the latest research from a leading historian of modern Turkey. It is essential for all readers interested in the history of the Ottoman Empire and Turkey, and for an understanding of a key player in the politics of the Middle East and Europe.


Nationalism and Violence

Nationalism and Violence
Author: Christopher Dandeker
Publisher: Transaction Publishers
Total Pages: 244
Release:
Genre: History
ISBN: 9781412829359

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With contributions from leading scholars from the humanities and social sciences, this book provides an interdisciplinary analysis of the roots of violent national conflicts within and between states. It considers some of the key mechanisms of conflict resolution, including economic interdependence and revised notions of sovereignty and the nation-state.


The Making of Modern Turkey

The Making of Modern Turkey
Author: Ugur Ümit Üngör
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 335
Release: 2012-03
Genre: History
ISBN: 0199655227

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Offers a novel perspective on the establishment of the Turkish nation state and highlights how the Young Turk regime, from 1913 to 1950, subjected Eastern Turkey to various forms of nationalist population policies aimed at ethnically homogenizing the region and including it in the Turkish nation state.


Confiscation and Destruction

Confiscation and Destruction
Author: Ugur Ungor
Publisher: A&C Black
Total Pages: 244
Release: 2011-08-11
Genre: History
ISBN: 1441135782

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Social Engineering in Central and South-East Europe in the Twentieth Century Reconsidered

Social Engineering in Central and South-East Europe in the Twentieth Century Reconsidered
Author: Piotr Madajczyk
Publisher: Instytut Studiów Politycznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk
Total Pages: 300
Release: 2017-02-02
Genre: History
ISBN: 8365972263

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The book is the result of the National Science Centre’s project entitled ‘Social engineering. Projects of nation-state building and their representation in historiography and historical memory: Croatia, Germany, Poland and Ukraine in the twentieth century’. The project was conducted at the Institute of Political Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN). The aim of the participants in the project, developed jointly by the Department of German Studies and the Department of History of Eastern Territories, was to provide a broad perspective on nation-building processes in Central Europe in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and to determine the place of projects on population policy (social engineering) in these processes. The authors also analyse the role of the memory of these projects in developing nation states in this region of Europe in the second half of the twentieth century and contemporary times. The subjects analysed cover a broad spectrum of issues related to the emergence of modern states, demography, eugenics, racial hygiene, statistics, geography and specific policies – from supporting the birth of preferred groups to genocide. The book concerns both the development of modern societies and the problems of nationalism, racial ideology and the idea of ‘the body of the nation’.


Arabs and Young Turks

Arabs and Young Turks
Author: Hasan Kayali
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Total Pages: 311
Release: 2023-09-01
Genre: History
ISBN: 052091757X

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Arabs and Young Turks provides a detailed study of Arab politics in the late Ottoman Empire as viewed from the imperial capital in Istanbul. In an analytical narrative of the Young Turk period (1908-1918) historian Hasan Kayali discusses Arab concerns on the one hand and the policies of the Ottoman government toward the Arabs on the other. Kayali's novel use of documents from the Ottoman archives, as well as Arabic sources and Western and Central European documents, enables him to reassess conventional wisdom on this complex subject and to present an original appraisal of proto-nationalist ideologies as the longest-living Middle Eastern dynasty headed for collapse. He demonstrates the persistence and resilience of the supranational ideology of Islamism which overshadowed Arab and Turkish ethnic nationalism in this crucial transition period. Kayali's study reaches back to the nineteenth century and highlights both continuity and change in Arab-Turkish relations from the reign of Abdulhamid II to the constitutional period ushered in by the revolution of 1908. Arabs and Young Turks is essential for an understanding of contemporary issues such as Islamist politics and the continuing crises of nationalism in the Middle East.


Late Ottoman Genocides

Late Ottoman Genocides
Author: Dominik J. Schaller
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 116
Release: 2013-09-13
Genre: History
ISBN: 1317990455

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The Armenian Genocide has lately attracted a lot of attention, despite the Turkish government's attempts at denial. It has been developed into a central obstacle to Turkey's entry into the European Union. As such it attracts the highest political and public attention. What is largely ignored in the debate, however, is the fact that Armenians were not the only victims of the Young Turk's genocidal population policies. What is still largely forgotten is the murder, expulsion and deportation of other ethnic groups like Assyrians, Greeks, Kurds and Arabs by the Young Turks. This not only increases the number of victims, but also changes the perspective on the foundation of modern Turkey and as such on modern Turkish history more generally. The Thematic Issue of the JGR, the republication of which is proposed here, is the first publication, which addresses these wider issues. It contributes not only to our understanding of the Young Turks' population and extermination policies in all its complexities and so helping to bring the forgotten victims' stories "back" into genocide scholarship, but to our understanding of modern Turkey more generally. It is an indispensable tool for everybody interested in one of the great historical controversies of our time. This book was published as a special issue of the Journal of Genocide Research.


The Making of Modern Turkey

The Making of Modern Turkey
Author: Ugur Ümit Üngör
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Total Pages: 336
Release: 2012-03-01
Genre: History
ISBN: 019164076X

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The eastern provinces of the Ottoman Empire used to be a multi-ethnic region where Armenians, Kurds, Syriacs, Turks, and Arabs lived together in the same villages and cities. The disintegration of the Ottoman Empire and rise of the nation state violently altered this situation. Nationalist elites intervened in heterogeneous populations they identified as objects of knowledge, management, and change. These often violent processes of state formation destroyed historical regions and emptied multicultural cities, clearing the way for modern nation states. The Making of Modern Turkey highlights how the Young Turk regime, from 1913 to 1950, subjected Eastern Turkey to various forms of nationalist population policies aimed at ethnically homogenizing the region and incorporating it in the Turkish nation state. It examines how the regime utilized technologies of social engineering, such as physical destruction, deportation, spatial planning, forced assimilation, and memory politics, to increase ethnic and cultural homogeneity within the nation state. Drawing on secret files and unexamined records, Ugur Ümit Üngör demonstrates that concerns of state security, ethnocultural identity, and national purity were behind these policies. The eastern provinces, the heartland of Armenian and Kurdish life, became an epicenter of Young Turk population policies and the theatre of unprecedented levels of mass violence.