World Economic And Financial Surveys Primary Commodities 1988 PDF Download
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Author | : International Monetary Fund |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 116 |
Release | : 1988-01-01 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1451943083 |
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This paper provides an analysis of recent developments relating to the major nonfuel primary commodities traded in international markets. Particular attention is given to market price movements and the factors underlying these movements. A number of adjustments in the international trading environment in which commodity prices are determined occurred in 1987, and even more significant changes are expected in the years ahead. Some of the adjustments in the past year affected only bilateral trading arrangements, while others, such as certain initiatives undertaken in the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) negotiations and those relating to some international commodity agreements were of a multilateral nature. The present round, the eighth in a series of GATT negotiations held since 1947, involves two elements that are of particular relevance to international trade in commodities. Although only small changes were made in 1987 in the various multilateral schemes that exist to compensate countries for export earnings shortfalls, a significant increase in such financing in 1987 had the effect of stabilizing many developing countries’ export earnings, thereby maintaining their capacity to import and buoying world trade.
Author | : International Monetary Fund : Commodities Division of the Research Departme nt |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 97 |
Release | : 1988 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Primary Commodities May 1988 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : International Monetary Fund |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 116 |
Release | : 1989-01-01 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1451943105 |
Download World Economic and Financial Surveys, Primary Commoditie, 1989 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This paper provides an analysis of the market developments in 1988 with respect to primary commodities and the outlook for these commodities in the near and medium term. Attention is focused on the major nonfuel primary commodities traded in international markets. Movements in the overall price index and in price indices for the major groups of commodities have been mirrored by an inverse movement in stocks of commodities. Beginning-of-year stocks of all nonfuel commodities—measured in terms of months of consumption—increased during the first half of the 1980s and peaked in 1986. Movements in primary commodity prices convey important information in several ways: they signal changes in the major source of export earnings for most developing countries; they indicate changes in a significant component of the cost of producing many manufactured goods; and they may be a helpful leading indicator of changes in inflation in industrial countries. The negotiating groups established for the Uruguay Round met on a number of occasions throughout the year to discuss a wide range of issues.
Author | : International Monetary Fund |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 116 |
Release | : 1988-01-01 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1451943679 |
Download World Econonomic and Financial Surveys, 1988 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This paper examines the World Economic Outlook forecasting record for the principal performance indicators for the major industrial countries and corresponding aggregates and for groups of non-oil developing countries. Several criteria were used in evaluating the forecasts: the computation and evaluation of various summary statistics of forecast accuracy, bias, and efficiency; comparisons with alternative forecasts—naive forecasts and forecasts produced by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and by national forecasting agencies; the examination of turning-point errors and forecast performance in defined episodes; and, finally, some attempt to explain forecast error in terms of unanticipated developments in policy variables and oil prices. In judging the forecast performance of the World Economic Outlook, a number of points must be kept in mind. Most important, it has to be recognized that the period since the inception of the World Economic Outlook as a regular forecasting exercise has been extraordinarily rich in economic upheavals, which have made the odds against accurate forecasting formidable.
Author | : International Monetary Fund Staff |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 105 |
Release | : |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9780608184371 |
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Author | : International Monetary Fund. Commodities Division |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 116 |
Release | : 1989 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : |
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Author | : International Monetary Fund |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 90 |
Release | : 1992-01-01 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 145194005X |
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This paper reviews recent developments in private market financing for developing countries. Bank creditors themselves have been more amenable to restructuring in an environment where secondary market discounts on bank claims were falling significantly below the level of bank provisioning. This has allowed banks to realize substantial book profits by participating in debt operations. Debt conversions have also played a substantial role in reducing commercial bank debt. The pace of such conversions, however, has slowed over the past year in response to lower secondary market discounts on external debt and to a drop in privatization-related conversions. The re-entry to international capital markets by certain middle-income countries that had experienced debt-servicing difficulties gathered momentum over the past year. Total bond issues in international markets by the main re-entrants accounted for over half of issues by developing countries in this period. In contrast to the experience in securities markets, new bank lending to market re-entrants has remained limited and is confined mainly to short-term trade lines or project financing.
Author | : International Monetary Fund |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 120 |
Release | : 1993-01-01 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 145193890X |
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This paper discusses systematic issues in international finance explained in the International Capital Markets report. The paper describes that the nature and extent of recent banking problems in several industrial countries along with the policy responses to those problems. It is observed that balance sheet problems in banking are widespread among the major industrial countries. The paper also analyses recent activity in the European currency unit bond and exchange markets, and reviews developments in the private financing of developing countries and discusses several issues raised by the recent experience, including the broadening of the investor base for developing country securities, the special role played by regional financial centers in East and Southeast Asia, and the systemic implications of the evolving pattern of developing country financing. A key influence on international capital movements in recent years was the rising international diversification of investment portfolios, which is generally believed to have increased in response to the liberalization of exchange and capital controls in many industrial countries in the 1970s and 1980s.
Author | : International Monetary Fund |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 140 |
Release | : 1989-01-01 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1451943725 |
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This paper describes the functioning of labor markets and to eliminate other structural obstacles to noninflationary growth. The decline in the price level in the home country will involve a rise in the real money supply and, if output is sluggish, this will result in an excess supply of money. This, in turn, will lead to a drop in the domestic interest rate and, given foreign interest rates, to a temporary depreciation of the exchange rate. Structural measures could also affect investment and the current account by raising the rate of return on capital in the home country. If capital is internationally mobile, a higher rate of return on capital would result in a rise in investment and a temporary deterioration in the home country’s current account, which will be financed by an inflow of foreign capital. The quantitative impact of financial market deregulation on the economy is rather uncertain.
Author | : International Monetary Fund |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 48 |
Release | : 1990-09-15 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 9781557751461 |
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This study prepared by the Commodities Division of the Research Department reviews and analyzes the developments in commodity markets.