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Women in Combat: Is the Current Policy Obsolete

Women in Combat: Is the Current Policy Obsolete
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 71
Release: 2007
Genre:
ISBN:

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In January 2005, during an interview with the Washington Times on the war in Iraq and Army transformation, President Bush stated: "There's no change of policy as far as I'm concerned. No women in combat."1 Technically, the policy has not changed, but in reality, the nation's policy has not survived contact with the enemy. As Commander in Chief, the President has engaged military power in the war against terrorism on a global scale and the counterinsurgency in Iraq has engulfed both men and women in combat. Operations ENDURING FREEDOM (Afghanistan) and IRAQI FREEDOM (Iraq) are the first major combat operations since hundreds of thousands of new positions in the military were opened to women in the 1990s. Women deployed and fought as fighter, bomber, attack, and helicopter pilots in all the services, in ground combat support positions, and aboard combat and support Navy and Coast Guard vessels. According to the Department of Defense, (DoD) 10,100 women were deployed to Iraq in May 2006, and 1,900 women were deployed to Afghanistan, constituting 8 percent of the total force.2 In total, over 155,000 women have served in Iraq and Afghanistan since 2002.3.


Women Combat Exclusion Policy

Women Combat Exclusion Policy
Author: Melinda S. Romero
Publisher:
Total Pages: 21
Release: 2012
Genre: Afghan War, 2001-
ISBN:

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Combat is a core element of the profession of arms and the military has the right to expect servicemembers to engage in combat. For the past ten years in Iraq and Afghanistan, women have participated in combat in both direct combat situations or in supportive combat roles. Yet U.S. servicewomen are still precluded from serving in certain specialties, positions, and units based solely upon their gender. This SRP reviews the history of women in the U.S. military and the evolution of women's roles and increased duty responsibilities in our military in the context of the current combat exclusion policy. It then describes the current 21st century security environment that recognizes no front lines and the fluidity of the current battlefield. It documents servicewomen's contributions to the current operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, especially in the global counterinsurgency strategies. Finally, this SRP recommends that the Department of Defense rescind all laws, policies, and regulations that restrict and prohibit the assignment of women to any unit below brigade level when the unit's primary mission is direct combat on the ground. Our military should fully employ all of its human resources, regardless of gender, in fighting our nation's wars.


Women in Combat

Women in Combat
Author: Lorry M. Fenner
Publisher: Georgetown University Press
Total Pages: 224
Release: 2001-08-09
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 9781589018327

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Women have been actively involved the United States military for more than fifty years, but the ban on their participation in combat remains a hotly debated issue. In this provocative book Lorry M. Fenner, an active-duty Air Force intelligence officer, calls for opening all aspects of military service to women. Marie deYoung, a former Army chaplain, argues that keeping women out of combat is in the best interests of both sexes and crucial to the effectiveness of the military as a whole. Fenner bases her argument for inclusion of women on the idea that democracies require all citizens to compete in public endeavor and share in civic obligation. She contends that, historically, reasons for banning women from combat have been culturally biased. She argues that membership in a combat force should be based on capability judged against appropriate standards. Moreover, she maintains that excluding women hampers the diversity and adaptability that by necessity will characterize the armed forces in the twenty-first century. In contrast, deYoung declares that the different physical fitness standards for men and women would, in combat, lower morale for both sexes and put women at risk of casualty. Further, she contends that women have neither the physical or emotional strength to endure the overall brutality of the combat experience. She also asserts that calls for lifting the combat ban are politically motivated and are inconsistent with the principles of American democracy and the mission of national defense. With each author responding to the views of the other, their exchange offers a valuable synthesis of the issues surrounding a longstanding debate among policymakers, military personnel, and scholars of both military history and women’s studies.


Women in Combat

Women in Combat
Author: Rosemarie Skaine
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Total Pages: 285
Release: 2011-01-19
Genre: History
ISBN:

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This handbook provides a straightforward account of how women have served in combat roles and explains the ongoing controversy surrounding efforts to legalize combat assignments for female service members. Women have been excluded from combat roles for most of American history. During conflicts such as the American Civil War, a few women enlisted as men; in some cases, their identities as women were not discovered until after their deaths. Today, the nontraditional battlefields of Iraq and Afghanistan have no clearly defined front lines, and many female soldiers have found themselves face-to-face with the enemy. Yet despite the realities of modern warfare, the subject of women serving in combat roles remains highly controversial. Women in Combat: A Reference Handbook examines the historical background, current dilemmas, and global context of this contentious issue. The author explores both sides of the argument, presenting information from leading sources and gleaned from personal interviews. Statistical data, primary source documents, a directory of organizations, and print and electronic resources offer additional insight.


Recruiting Policies and Practices for Women in the Military

Recruiting Policies and Practices for Women in the Military
Author: Douglas Yeung
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2017
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9780833098078

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"This study identifies approaches for bolstering recruiting of women into the armed services during the years in which ground combat jobs are transitioning to include women. RAND conducted in-depth interviews and focus groups with new recruits, recruiters, and recruiting leadership. Several themes emerged from these discussions. Many female recruits in our focus groups preferred female recruiters and female-specific events. Many male recruits in our focus groups reported not being influenced by the policy change to open combat jobs to women. Recruiters and recruits in our focus groups reported dissatisfaction with what they view as burdensome administrative requirements. Both recruiters and recruits recommended launching advertising campaigns showing women serving alongside men in a wide range of military jobs, and debunking stereotypes of military service. Finally, commanders of the recruiting services reported concern over resources available to them in the current environment. We recommend that resources be set aside to specifically target outreach to women, that the services increase the proportion of recruiters who are women and increase their visibility at recruiting events, and that the services work to reduce administrative burdens on recruiters and recruits."--Publisher's description.


Women in the Army

Women in the Army
Author: Scott S. Mills
Publisher:
Total Pages: 22
Release: 2011
Genre: Manpower policy
ISBN:

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Recent military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan have renewed the debate about the assignment policies of women to combat positions in the United States Armed Forces. A strategic manpower issue for DOD concerns how the services, especially the Army employs women in its operational formations. As a result, the assignment policies for women in the Army are under increased scrutiny. The current policy is unclear and confusing. This vagueness and ambiguity has placed unnecessary stress and burdens of the combat commanders in the field. Additionally, Army transformation efforts and operations in Iraq and Afghanistan enabled the Army to reevaluate its war fighting doctrine as well as its organizational structures. These changes in war fighting doctrine have further highlighted the need to reconsider the policies that govern how women are employed in combat. It is time for the Department of Defense and the United States Congress to change the current combat-exclusion policy and law.


Women and the Military

Women and the Military
Author: Martin Binkin
Publisher:
Total Pages: 152
Release: 1977
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

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Monograph on women's participation in the armed forces in the USA - traces the traditional role of women in the armed forces, examines attitudes towards a more active military role for women, and discusses women's rights and sociological aspects, costs and effects on efficiency, etc. Graphs, references and statistical tables.


Deadly Consequences

Deadly Consequences
Author: Robert L. Maginnis
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
Total Pages: 157
Release: 2013-07-29
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1621571998

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With an important introduction by C. Everett Koop and passionate endorsements from Senator Edward M. Kennedy and public officials from every major city in the U.S., this authoritative and timely guide calls for the diagnosis and treatment of urban violence as a public health crisis.


Women at War

Women at War
Author: Rosemarie Skaine
Publisher: McFarland
Total Pages: 313
Release: 1999-03-01
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 0786405708

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The Persian Gulf War changed the face of combat. It brought women’s military roles into the spotlight, in large part via the mass media, and showed that many women performed combat roles similar to those of men during the conflict. The war was thus an impetus for changes in laws that had prevented women from serving in combat assignments. In past centuries, because it was not culturally acceptable for women to serve in combat, surprising numbers joined secretly under assumed male names. After defining exactly what is meant by “war” and “combat,” this work presents historical and present-day views of the involvement of women in the military. The impact of regulations on women in combat is analyzed, as is the role of the American public in the controversy. Female combat is put into context with sociological theory; also discussed are readiness, cohesion, ability, sexuality, equal opportunity and family issues.


Complete Guide to Women in Military Combat

Complete Guide to Women in Military Combat
Author: U. S. Congress
Publisher:
Total Pages: 154
Release: 2017-11-02
Genre:
ISBN: 9781973205708

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This unique book reproduces a number of military reports and government documents about the issue of women serving in combat. Contents include: Implementation of the Decision to Open All Ground Combat Units to Women * Women In Combat * Women in Combat: Issues for Congress * Women In Combat: A Culture Issue? * Army Plans for Integrating Women into Combat * Women in Combat Compendium * Chapter I - USAWC Women in Combat Survey Interpretation * Chapter II - The DoD Combat Exclusion Policy: Time for a Change? * Chapter III - The Combat Exclusion Policy in the Modern Security Environment * Chapter IV - Impact of Revising the Army's Female Assignment Policy * Chapter V - Women Leaders In Combat: One Commander's Perspective * Chapter VI - Leading Soldiers on Today's Battlefield: Considerations on Contributions and Challenges of the Integration and Role of Soldiers Who Are Women * Chapter VII - The 95th Military Police Battalion Deployment to Iraq-Operation Iraqi Freedom II * Chapter VIII - How the Army Can Meet the Intent of Policy and Statute On Ground Combat Exclusion for Women. Included are hearings in early 2016 regarding the implementation of the decision to integrate women into combat occupations and the ground combat forces in particular. Testimony by Secretary of the Navy Ray Mabus stated: The Marine Corps is the most formidable expeditionary fighting force the world has ever known. That legacy is proven through the Corps' storied history, from the halls of Montezuma to the Valleys of Afghanistan, and that reputation is unquestioned in America and around the globe: No better friend, no worse enemy. The strong traditions of the Marines help make that reputation, and among those traditions is a commitment to evolve, to be flexible, - in one of the common instructions to young Marines - to improvise, adapt and overcome. Throughout its history, the Corps has maintained its combat power and its lethality by adapting to changing conditions, evolving training and tactics to meet new challenges and new threats. Today's School of Infantry is not the same as it was just 25 years ago during Desert Storm, and the change is even more dramatic since Vietnam or World War II. In a world where the threats and the battle space are all increasingly complex, failing to re-evaluate everything from personnel policies to weapons programs can be dangerous if not fatal. A response of "that's the way we've always done it," is not, cannot be, and never has been, an acceptable rationale. In the Department of the Navy, we are continually evaluating the way we operate. After Secretary Panetta and Chairman Dempsey set us in 2012 on the path toward opening all billets, including ground combat, to women by this year, the Navy and Marine Corps - along with our sister services - conducted extensive studies on that issue. These studies helped inform the Department's recommendation to Secretary of Defense Carter and his subsequent decision to open all previously closed positions in all services to women. But they were not the only source of information that was gathered in reaching that recommendation. However, the Marine Corps study has drawn special attention, and at least some of what has made it into public discussion is - to put it generously - less than accurate. Among the misperceptions is that the Marines relied on just one study. In fact, their conclusions were, in part, based on a number of studies and reports. I have spent a considerable amount of time closely reviewing all of them, especially the Marines' own study. In addition, I've had numerous discussions with senior Marine leadership, junior officers, and enlisted personnel.