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Women in Britain Since 1900

Women in Britain Since 1900
Author: Sue Bruley
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Total Pages: 227
Release: 1999
Genre: History
ISBN: 9780312223755

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This woman-centered history of Britain in the 20th century traces the changing concept of femininity in different chronological time periods. Women are focused on as agents for social change, and each chapter has a section on the women's movement. A separate chapter is devoted to each of the World Wars. After reviewing women's progress over the last hundred years, the book explores the question: Have women gained equality?


Programmed Inequality

Programmed Inequality
Author: Mar Hicks
Publisher: MIT Press
Total Pages: 354
Release: 2018-02-23
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 0262535181

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This “sobering tale of the real consequences of gender bias” explores how Britain lost its early dominance in computing by systematically discriminating against its most qualified workers: women (Harvard Magazine) In 1944, Britain led the world in electronic computing. By 1974, the British computer industry was all but extinct. What happened in the intervening thirty years holds lessons for all postindustrial superpowers. As Britain struggled to use technology to retain its global power, the nation’s inability to manage its technical labor force hobbled its transition into the information age. In Programmed Inequality, Mar Hicks explores the story of labor feminization and gendered technocracy that undercut British efforts to computerize. That failure sprang from the government’s systematic neglect of its largest trained technical workforce simply because they were women. Women were a hidden engine of growth in high technology from World War II to the 1960s. As computing experienced a gender flip, becoming male-identified in the 1960s and 1970s, labor problems grew into structural ones and gender discrimination caused the nation’s largest computer user—the civil service and sprawling public sector—to make decisions that were disastrous for the British computer industry and the nation as a whole. Drawing on recently opened government files, personal interviews, and the archives of major British computer companies, Programmed Inequality takes aim at the fiction of technological meritocracy. Hicks explains why, even today, possessing technical skill is not enough to ensure that women will rise to the top in science and technology fields. Programmed Inequality shows how the disappearance of women from the field had grave macroeconomic consequences for Britain, and why the United States risks repeating those errors in the twenty-first century.


British Women in the Nineteenth Century

British Women in the Nineteenth Century
Author: Kathryn Gleadle
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Total Pages: 251
Release: 2017-09-08
Genre: History
ISBN: 1403937540

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This highly original synthesis is a clear and stimulating assessment of nineteenth-century British women. It aims to provide students with an in-depth understanding of the key historiographical debates and issues, placing particular emphasis upon recent, revisionist research. The book highlights not merely the ideologies and economic circumstances which shaped women's lives, but highlights the sheer diversity of women's own experiences and identities. In so doing, it presents a positive but nuanced interpretation of women's roles within their own families and communities, as well as stressing women's enormous contribution to the making of contemporary British culture and society.


Women’s Bookscapes in Early Modern Britain

Women’s Bookscapes in Early Modern Britain
Author: Leah Knight
Publisher: University of Michigan Press
Total Pages: 313
Release: 2018-11-08
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 0472131095

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Women in 16th- and 17th-century Britain read, annotated, circulated, inventoried, cherished, criticized, prescribed, and proscribed books in various historically distinctive ways. Yet, unlike that of their male counterparts, the study of women’s reading practices and book ownership has been an elusive and largely overlooked field. In thirteen probing essays, Women’s Bookscapesin Early Modern Britain brings together the work of internationally renowned scholars investigating key questions about early modern British women’s figurative, material, and cultural relationships with books. What constitutes evidence of women’s readerly engagement? How did women use books to achieve personal, political, religious, literary, economic, social, familial, or communal goals? How does new evidence of women’s libraries and book usage challenge received ideas about gender in relation to knowledge, education, confessional affiliations, family ties, and sociability? How do digital tools offer new possibilities for the recovery of information on early modern women readers? The volume’s three-part structure highlights case studies of individual readers and their libraries; analyses of readers and readership in the context of their interpretive communities; and new types of scholarly evidence—lists of confiscated books and convent rules, for example—as well as new methodologies and technologies for ongoing research. These essays dismantle binaries of private and public; reading and writing; female and male literary engagement and production; and ownership and authorship. Interdisciplinary, timely, cohesive, and concise, this collection’s fresh, revisionary approaches represent substantial contributions to scholarship in early modern material culture; book history and print culture; women’s literary and cultural history; library studies; and reading and collecting practices more generally.


Women and Work Culture

Women and Work Culture
Author: Louise A. Jackson
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 381
Release: 2017-05-15
Genre: History
ISBN: 1351872087

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Women's work has proved to be an important and lively subject of debate for historians. An earlier focus on the pay, conditions and occupational opportunities of predominantly blue-collar working-class women has now been joined by an interest in other social groups (white-collar workers, clerical workers and professionals) as well as in the cultural practices of the work place, reflecting in part the recent 'cultural turn' in historical methodology. Although the term 'culture' is debated and contested, this volume reflects this diversity, addressing a variety of interpretations. The individual essays address such issues as how women have created occupational and professional identities, negotiated masculine working practices (cultural, legal and institutional) and created their own 'feminine' environments. They also examine the integration of paid work with domestic responsibilities, the concept of 'career' for women, and the construction and representation of women's work within the wider cultural landscape.' By focusing on the experiences of British women between c.1850 and 1950, the collection vividly demonstrates that the association of 'work' with paid labour is problematic and that the categories of 'work', 'leisure' and 'consumption' must be viewed as overlapping and inter-linked rather than as separate entities. Furthermore, it highlights the ways in which the concept of gender operated as an organising principle in the construction and negotiation of identities and practices in British society.


Burdens of History

Burdens of History
Author: Antoinette Burton
Publisher: Univ of North Carolina Press
Total Pages: 318
Release: 2000-11-09
Genre: History
ISBN: 0807860654

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In this study of British middle-class feminism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Antoinette Burton explores an important but neglected historical dimension of the relationship between feminism and imperialism. Demonstrating how feminists in the United Kingdom appropriated imperialistic ideology and rhetoric to justify their own right to equality, she reveals a variety of feminisms grounded in notions of moral and racial superiority. According to Burton, Victorian and Edwardian feminists such as Josephine Butler, Millicent Garrett Fawcett, and Mary Carpenter believed that the native women of colonial India constituted a special 'white woman's burden.' Although there were a number of prominent Indian women in Britain as well as in India working toward some of the same goals of equality, British feminists relied on images of an enslaved and primitive 'Oriental womanhood' in need of liberation at the hands of their emancipated British 'sisters.' Burton argues that this unquestioning acceptance of Britain's imperial status and of Anglo-Saxon racial superiority created a set of imperial feminist ideologies, the legacy of which must be recognized and understood by contemporary feminists.


Women's History

Women's History
Author: Hannah Barker
Publisher: Psychology Press
Total Pages: 312
Release: 2005
Genre: Women
ISBN: 9780415291767

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A wide-ranging, thematic survey of women's history in Britain in the 18th and early 19th centuries, with chapters written by both well-established writers and new and dynamic scholars in a thorough and well-balanced selection.


Women Writers and Old Age in Great Britain, 1750-1850

Women Writers and Old Age in Great Britain, 1750-1850
Author: Devoney Looser
Publisher: JHU Press
Total Pages: 253
Release: 2008-08-01
Genre: Literary Criticism
ISBN: 0801887054

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This groundbreaking study explores the later lives and late-life writings of more than two dozen British women authors active during the long eighteenth century. Drawing on biographical materials, literary texts, and reception histories, Devoney Looser finds that far from fading into moribund old age, female literary greats such as Anna Letitia Barbauld, Frances Burney, Maria Edgeworth, Catharine Macaulay, Hester Lynch Piozzi, and Jane Porter toiled for decades after they achieved acclaim -- despite seemingly concerted attempts by literary gatekeepers to marginalize their later contributions. Though these remarkable women wrote and published well into old age, Looser sees in their late careers the necessity of choosing among several different paths. These included receding into the background as authors of "classics," adapting to grandmotherly standards of behavior, attempting to reshape masculinized conceptions of aged wisdom, or trying to create entirely new categories for older women writers. In assessing how these writers affected and were affected by the culture in which they lived, and in examining their varied reactions to the prospect of aging, Looser constructs careful portraits of each of her Subjects and explains why many turned toward retrospection in their later works. In illuminating the powerful and often poorly recognized legacy of the British women writers who spurred a marketplace revolution in their earlier years only to find unanticipated barriers to acceptance in later life, Looser opens up new scholarly territory in the burgeoning field of feminist age studies.


A Century of Women

A Century of Women
Author: Sheila Rowbotham
Publisher: Viking Adult
Total Pages: 776
Release: 1997
Genre: History
ISBN:

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Rowbotham charts the remarkable changes and interchanges in the lives of British and American women in the last hundred years, encompassing the multitude of events that become daily news along with submerged personal experiences.


Women and the Women's Movement in Britain, 1914-1999

Women and the Women's Movement in Britain, 1914-1999
Author: Martin Pugh
Publisher: MacMillan
Total Pages: 387
Release: 2000
Genre: Feminism
ISBN: 9780333732656

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This revised edition brings the history of the women's movement in Britain up to the end of the 20th century. The author focuses attention on the different generations of women involved in the women's movement since 1914 and examines the marked trend towards marriage and motherhood amongst British women since the 1920s, arguing that domesticity has, historically, been a positive influence promoting change in the lives of women. Pugh has a very wide focus, assessing feminist pressure groups, women's organizations and the growth of popular women's magazines. The 2nd edition has been expanded with two new chapters on the women's movement in the 1960s and on the influence of Britain's first female Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher.