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With String Theory to the Big Bang

With String Theory to the Big Bang
Author: Jan Louis
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 56
Release: 2021
Genre: Big bang theory
ISBN: 3658358505

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This book takes the reader on a journey to the Big Bang, learning on the way about various physical facts, observations, and theories. String theory is introduced as a possible all-encompassing physical theory that has the potential to grasp and describe the Big Bang. Its sometimes-spectacular predictions, such as additional spatial dimensions or parallel universes, are explained concisely.


String Theory For Dummies

String Theory For Dummies
Author: Andrew Zimmerman Jones
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 387
Release: 2009-11-16
Genre: Science
ISBN: 047046724X

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A clear, plain-English guide to this complex scientific theory String theory is the hottest topic in physics right now, with books on the subject (pro and con) flying out of the stores. String Theory For Dummies offers an accessible introduction to this highly mathematical "theory of everything," which posits ten or more dimensions in an attempt to explain the basic nature of matter and energy. Written for both students and people interested in science, this guide explains concepts, discusses the string theory's hypotheses and predictions, and presents the math in an approachable manner. It features in-depth examples and an easy-to-understand style so that readers can understand this controversial, cutting-edge theory.


Endless Universe

Endless Universe
Author: Paul J. Steinhardt
Publisher: Crown
Total Pages: 306
Release: 2007-05-29
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0385523114

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Two world-renowned scientists present an audacious new vision of the cosmos that “steals the thunder from the Big Bang theory.” —Wall Street Journal The Big Bang theory—widely regarded as the leading explanation for the origin of the universe—posits that space and time sprang into being about 14 billion years ago in a hot, expanding fireball of nearly infinite density. Over the last three decades the theory has been repeatedly revised to address such issues as how galaxies and stars first formed and why the expansion of the universe is speeding up today. Furthermore, an explanation has yet to be found for what caused the Big Bang in the first place. In Endless Universe, Paul J. Steinhardt and Neil Turok, both distinguished theoretical physicists, present a bold new cosmology. Steinhardt and Turok “contend that what we think of as the moment of creation was simply part of an infinite cycle of titanic collisions between our universe and a parallel world” (Discover). They recount the remarkable developments in astronomy, particle physics, and superstring theory that form the basis for their groundbreaking “Cyclic Universe” theory. According to this theory, the Big Bang was not the beginning of time but the bridge to a past filled with endlessly repeating cycles of evolution, each accompanied by the creation of new matter and the formation of new galaxies, stars, and planets. Endless Universe provides answers to longstanding problems with the Big Bang model, while offering a provocative new view of both the past and the future of the cosmos. It is a “theory that could solve the cosmic mystery” (USA Today).


String Cosmology

String Cosmology
Author: Johanna Erdmenger
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 329
Release: 2009-07-14
Genre: Science
ISBN: 352762807X

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This relatively new field applies equations from string theory to solve the questions of early cosmology, since the standard picture of our universe emerging from a 'big bang' leaves many fundamental issues unanswered. String theory, on the other hand, postulates that fundamental ingredients of nature are not zero-dimensional point particles but tiny one-dimensional filaments. This theory harmoniously unites quantum mechanics and general relativity -- the previously known laws of the small and the large -- which are otherwise incompatible. The field of string cosmology has matured considerably over the past few years, attracting many new adherents. Due to the multidisciplinary nature of the topic, it is difficult for practitioners to be conversant with all the many different aspects. This book thus fills a huge gap by bringing together all the different strains of research into one single volume. The resulting collection of selected articles presents the latest, ongoing results from renowned experts currently working in the field. From the contents: * Introduction to Cosmology and String Theory * String Inflation: Brane Inflation and Inflation from Moduli * Cosmic Superstrings * The CMB as a Possible Probe of String Theory * String Gas Cosmology * Gauge-gravity Duality and String Cosmology * Heterotic M-theory and C A welcome addition to the literature for graduate students, students in astronomy, astronomers, mathematicians and theoretical physicists.


Universe Before the Big Bang

Universe Before the Big Bang
Author: Prof. (Dr.) Jai Paul Dudeja
Publisher: Notion Press
Total Pages: 465
Release: 2024-03-18
Genre: Science
ISBN:

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One of the most discussed topics among physicists, astronomers and cosmologists, is the origin of our universe. A number of theories have been put forward to explain the origin of the universe. Based on the evidence, the theory of Big Bang is widely accepted today. What is the Big Bang? Around 13.8 billion years ago, all the energy and the matter was compressed into a miniscule point. There was nothing else, no space or sky outside it. Everything was contained in that point. All at once, this point (which could not bear that high density and very high temperature), started expanding at an incredibly fast rate. In a split-second, it was the size of a grape, an instant later, a km-wide. Within a minute, it was billions of km-wide…and so on. Since then, the universe is not only expanding, it is expanding with faster speed as the time is passing. It's a mind-boggling question that has intrigued the scientists and the commoners alike for centuries is: “What was there before the Big Bang? Was there a universe or many more universes before our own universe? Will there be more universes after this universe? Are there parallel universes or cyclic universes? Was there just one big bang (that we know for this universe) or were there two or more big bangs? What are the theories which attempt to explain the phenomenon of the ‘Universe before the Big Bang’.


The Universe Before the Big Bang

The Universe Before the Big Bang
Author: Maurizio Gasperini
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 208
Release: 2009-08-29
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9783540868538

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Terms such as "expanding Universe", "big bang", and "initial singularity", are nowadays part of our common language. The idea that the Universe we observe today originated from an enormous explosion (big bang) is now well known and widely accepted, at all levels, in modern popular culture. But what happens to the Universe before the big bang? And would it make any sense at all to ask such a question? In fact, recent progress in theoretical physics, and in particular in String Theory, suggests answers to the above questions, providing us with mathematical tools able in principle to reconstruct the history of the Universe even for times before the big bang. In the emerging cosmological scenario the Universe, at the epoch of the big bang, instead of being a "new born baby" was actually a rather "aged" creature in the middle of its possibly infinitely enduring evolution. The aim of this book is to convey this picture in non-technical language accessibile also to non-specialists. The author, himself a leading cosmologist, draws attention to ongoing and future observations that might reveal relics of an era before the big bang.


String Theory

String Theory
Author: Meghan Rock
Publisher: Cavendish Square Publishing, LLC
Total Pages: 130
Release: 2016-07-15
Genre: Juvenile Nonfiction
ISBN: 150261961X

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String Theory takes on one of modern physics’ most complicated and enthralling candidates for the theory of everything—a possible universal answer to all applied sciences. By examining some of the fundamentals of physics such as electricity, magnetism, and light, as well as how these elements were discovered, the book analyzes how scientists have built the still unproven theory and seeks to effectively explore all the scientific opportunities its possible existence could provide.


The God Equation

The God Equation
Author: Michio Kaku
Publisher: Anchor
Total Pages: 241
Release: 2022-03-29
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0525434569

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#1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • The epic story of the greatest quest in all of science—the holy grail of physics that would explain the creation of the universe—from renowned theoretical physicist and author of The Future of the Mind and The Future of Humanity When Newton discovered the law of gravity, he unified the rules governing the heavens and the Earth. Since then, physicists have been placing new forces into ever-grander theories. But perhaps the ultimate challenge is achieving a monumental synthesis of the two remaining theories—relativity and the quantum theory. This would be the crowning achievement of science, a profound merging of all the forces of nature into one beautiful, magnificent equation to unlock the deepest mysteries in science: What happened before the Big Bang? What lies on the other side of a black hole? Are there other universes and dimensions? Is time travel possible? Why are we here? Kaku also explains the intense controversy swirling around this theory, with Nobel laureates taking opposite sides on this vital question. It is a captivating, gripping story; what’s at stake is nothing less than our conception of the universe. Written with Kaku’s trademark enthusiasm and clarity, this epic and engaging journey is the story of The God Equation.


Cosmology and String Theory

Cosmology and String Theory
Author: Horaţiu Năstase
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 462
Release: 2019-04-04
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3030150771

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Cosmology describes the evolution of the Universe and is based on a description of its beginning from quantum fluctuations. String theory is the only known consistent theory of quantum gravity that can deal with the highest energy scales near the Planck energy, relevant for cosmology's beginning. As a result, only string theory can give a fully consistent picture of cosmological origins. This book describes the best current avenues for obtaining cosmology from string theory. It is aimed at graduate students, and also researchers, with some familiarity with cosmology and string theory, however no detailed knowledge is required.


Cosmology in Gauge Field Theory and String Theory

Cosmology in Gauge Field Theory and String Theory
Author: D. Bailin
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 332
Release: 2021-09-29
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9781420057003

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Cosmology in Gauge Field Theory and String Theory focuses on the cosmological implications of the gauge theories of particle physics and of string theory. The book first examines the universe's series of phase transitions in which the successive gauge symmetries of the higher-temperature phase were spontaneously broken after the big bang, discussing relics of these phase transitions, more generic relics (baryons, neutrinos, axions), and supersymmetric particles (neutralinos and gravitinos). The author next studies supersymmetric theory, supergravity theory, and the constraints on the underlying field theory of the universe's inflationary era. The book concludes with a discussion of black hole solutions of the supergravity theory that approximates string theory at low energies and the insight that string theory affords into the microscopic origin of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. Cosmology in Gauge Field Theory and String Theory provides a modern introduction to these important problems from a particle physicist's perspective. It is intended as an introductory textbook for a first course on the subject at a graduate level.