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Author | : Woojin Chung |
Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
Total Pages | : 33 |
Release | : 2007 |
Genre | : Health, Nutrition and Population |
ISBN | : |
Download Why is Son Preference Declining in South Korea? Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Abstract: For years, South Korea presented the puzzling phenomenon of steeply rising sex ratios at birth despite rapid development, including in women's education and formal employment. This paper shows that son preference decreased in response to development, but its manifestation continued until the mid-1990s due to improved sex-selection technology. The paper analyzes unusually rich survey data, and finds that the impact of development worked largely through triggering normative changes across the whole society - rather than just through changes in individuals as their socio-economic circumstances changed. The findings show that nearly three-quarters of the decline in son preference between 1991 and 2003 is attributable to normative change, and the rest to increases in the proportions of urban and educated people. South Korea is now the first Asian country to reverse the trend in rising sex ratios at birth. The paper discusses the cultural underpinnings of son preference in pre-industrial Korea, and how these were unraveled by industrialization and urbanization, while being buttressed by public policies upholding the patriarchal family system. Finally, the authors hypothesize that child sex ratios in China and India will decline well before they reach South Korean levels of development, since they have vigorous programs to accelerate normative change to reduce son preference.
Author | : Woojin Chung |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 33 |
Release | : 2016 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Why is Son Preference Declining in South Korea? The Role of Development and Public Policy, and the Implications for China and India Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
For years, South Korea presented the puzzling phenomenon of steeply rising sex ratios at birth despite rapid development, including in women's education and formal employment. This paper shows that son preference decreased in response to development, but its manifestation continued until the mid-1990s due to improved sex-selection technology. The paper analyzes unusually rich survey data, and finds that the impact of development worked largely through triggering normative changes across the whole society - rather than just through changes in individuals as their socio-economic circumstances changed. The findings show that nearly three-quarters of the decline in son preference between 1991 and 2003 is attributable to normative change, and the rest to increases in the proportions of urban and educated people. South Korea is now the first Asian country to reverse the trend in rising sex ratios at birth. The paper discusses the cultural underpinnings of son preference in pre-industrial Korea, and how these were unraveled by industrialization and urbanization, while being buttressed by public policies upholding the patriarchal family system. Finally, the authors hypothesize that child sex ratios in China and India will decline well before they reach South Korean levels of development, since they have vigorous programs to accelerate normative change to reduce son preference.
Author | : Woojin Chung |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 30 |
Release | : 2007 |
Genre | : Sex of children, Parental preferences for |
ISBN | : |
Download Why is Son Preference Declining in South Korea? Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
For years, South Korea presented the puzzling phenomenon of steeply rising sex ratios at birth despite rapid development, including in women's education and formal employment. This paper shows that son preference decreased in response to development, but its manifestation continued until the mid-1990s due to improved sex-selection technology. The paper analyzes unusually rich survey data, and finds that the impact of development worked largely through triggering normative changes across the whole society - rather than just through changes in individuals as their socio-economic circumstances changed. The findings show that nearly three-quarters of the decline in son preference between 1991 and 2003 is attributable to normative change, and the rest to increases in the proportions of urban and educated people. South Korea is now the first Asian country to reverse the trend in rising sex ratios at birth. The paper discusses the cultural underpinnings of son preference in pre-industrial Korea, and how these were unraveled by industrialization and urbanization, while being buttressed by public policies upholding the patriarchal family system. Finally, the authors hypothesize that child sex ratios in China and India will decline well before they reach South Korean levels of development, since they have vigorous programs to accelerate normative change to reduce son preference.
Author | : Woojin Chung |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2012 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Why is Son Preference Declining in South Korea? The Role of Development and Public Policy, and the Implications for China and India Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
For years, South Korea presented the puzzling phenomenon of steeply rising sex ratios at birth despite rapid development, including in women's education and formal employment. This paper shows that son preference decreased in response to development, but its manifestation continued until the mid-1990s due to improved sex-selection technology. The paper analyzes unusually rich survey data, and finds that the impact of development worked largely through triggering normative changes across the whole society - rather than just through changes in individuals as their socio-economic circumstances changed. The findings show that nearly three-quarters of the decline in son preference between 1991 and 2003 is attributable to normative change, and the rest to increases in the proportions of urban and educated people. South Korea is now the first Asian country to reverse the trend in rising sex ratios at birth. The paper discusses the cultural underpinnings of son preference in pre-industrial Korea, and how these were unraveled by industrialization and urbanization, while being buttressed by public policies upholding the patriarchal family system. Finally, the authors hypothesize that child sex ratios in China and India will decline well before they reach South Korean levels of development, since they have vigorous programs to accelerate normative change to reduce son preference.
Author | : Yŏng-t'aek Kim (Researcher in women's studies) |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 32 |
Release | : 2017 |
Genre | : Sex of children, Parental preferences for |
ISBN | : 9788984918481 |
Download A Review on Decline of Son Preference in South Korea Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2007 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Why Is Son Preference Declining In South Korea ? The Role Of Development And Public Policy, And The Implications For China And India Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Lena Cecilia Edlund |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2013 |
Genre | : Economics |
ISBN | : |
Download Son Preference, Sex Selection and Economic Development Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Sex ratios at birth in South Korea reached 116.5 boys per 100 girls in 1990, but have since declined. In 2007, sex ratios were almost normal, a development heralded as a sign that son preference and sex choice have vanished. However, normal sex ratios imply neither. We show that over the last 60 years, the relationship between sex ratios and parental status changed from negative to positive. This pattern, we argue, is consistent with a model where parents prefer sons and sex select - ultrasound and economic development accounting for the change in who chooses sons.
Author | : Lena Edlund |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2013 |
Genre | : Economics |
ISBN | : |
Download Son Preference, Sex Selection and Economic Development Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Sex ratios at birth in South Korea reached 116.5 boys per 100 girls in 1990, but have since declined. In 2007, sex ratios were almost normal, a development heralded as a sign that son preference and sex choice have vanished. However, normal sex ratios imply neither. We show that over the last 60 years, the relationship between sex ratios and parental status changed from negative to positive. This pattern, we argue, is consistent with a model where parents prefer sons and sex select - ultrasound and economic development accounting for the change in who chooses sons.
Author | : Eleanor Jawon Choi |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 56 |
Release | : 2017 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Transition of Son Preference Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Sex ratio at birth remains highly skewed in many Asian countries due to son preference. The ratio in South Korea, however, has declined from 1990 and reached the natural range in 2007. This paper studies over-time changes in child gender effects on parental behaviors during the period of decreasing sex ratio at birth in Korea. Following Dahl and Moretti (2008), our empirical strategy exploits randomness of the first child's sex to overcome potential bias from endogenous fertility decisions. We find that child gender discrimination on the “intensive” margin (parental inputs) is diminishing after discrimination on the “extensive” margin (fertility) has disappeared. Relative to girls, boys receive higher expenditures on academic private education, have mothers with fewer hours of labor supply, and spend less time on household chores. These gender gaps have narrowed down substantially, however, over the past two decades. No gender difference is observed in breastfeeding duration. We consider alternative explanations, but altogether, evidence suggests the existence, and weakening of, son preference in Korea.
Author | : Woojin Chung |
Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
Total Pages | : 33 |
Release | : |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Why is Son Preference Declining in South Korea? Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle