Wheat Varieties Of South America Names Parentage Pedigrees And Origins PDF Download

During the latest ten years, fast breeding technologies have been effectively applied in crop trait modification, gene mapping, and functional genomics study, which include haploid induction based on inducer lines, genome editing mediated by CRISPR/Cas9, and molecular selection based on special markers. By using CRISPR/Cas9, many crop traits such as disease resistance, good quality, early maturity, high grain weight, male sterile, and pre-harvest sprouting tolerance have been modified in a few generations. Particularly, new haploid inducer lines have been created in maize, rice, Arabidopsis, wheat, alfalfa, foxtail millet, tomato, and Brassica oleracea by editing MTL (PLA1/NLD), DMP, and PLD3 genes via CRISPR/Cas9 for largely producing haploid grains directly. Additionally, new types of molecular markers have been developed and used to trace agronomically important traits for easily screening and locating gene position on chromosomes for gene cloning, except for generally employed makers like SSR, SNP, and EST.