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| Author | : Wen-Ching Chuang |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 103 |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : Climatic changes |
| ISBN | : |
Download Vulnerability to Heat Stress in Urban Areas Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Extreme hot-weather events have become life-threatening natural phenomena in many cities around the world, and the health impacts of excessive heat are expected to increase with climate change (Huang et al. 2011; Knowlton et al. 2007; Meehl and Tebaldi 2004; Patz 2005). Heat waves will likely have the worst health impacts in urban areas, where large numbers of vulnerable people reside and where local-scale urban heat island effects (UHI) retard and reduce nighttime cooling. This dissertation presents three empirical case studies that were conducted to advance our understanding of human vulnerability to heat in coupled human-natural systems. Using vulnerability theory as a framework, I analyzed how various social and environmental components of a system interact to exacerbate or mitigate heat impacts on human health, with the goal of contributing to the conceptualization of human vulnerability to heat. The studies: 1) compared the relationship between temperature and health outcomes in Chicago and Phoenix; 2) compared a map derived from a theoretical generic index of vulnerability to heat with a map derived from actual heat-related hospitalizations in Phoenix; and 3) used geospatial information on health data at two areal units to identify the hot spots for two heat health outcomes in Phoenix. The results show a 10-degree Celsius difference in the threshold temperatures at which heat-stress calls in Phoenix and Chicago are likely to increase drastically, and that Chicago is likely to be more sensitive to climate change than Phoenix. I also found that heat-vulnerability indices are sensitive to scale, measurement, and context, and that cities will need to incorporate place-based factors to increase the usefulness of vulnerability indices and mapping to decision making. Finally, I found that identification of geographical hot-spot of heat-related illness depends on the type of data used, scale of measurement, and normalization procedures. I recommend using multiple datasets and different approaches to spatial analysis to overcome this limitation and help decision makers develop effective intervention strategies.
| Author | : Tanja Wolf |
| Publisher | : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 296 |
| Release | : 2011-09 |
| Genre | : Climatic changes |
| ISBN | : 9783838389516 |
Download Assessing Vulnerability to Heat Stress in Urban Areas Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Increasing mortality related to periods of hot weather is a direct health impact from a warming and more variable climate. Adverse health impacts of heat stress are preventable. To spatially assess vulnerability is useful to prioritize where to take action first. This work describes the development and testing of a vulnerability index to assess hot spots of vulnerability to heat stress in the urban area of Greater London. Therefore, routine data on a high spatial resolution and representing the risk factors as identified in the literature are mapped. With Principal Component Analysis the most relevant of these indicators are composed to a vulnerability index. To test the performance of the vulnerability index, daily data on temperature and spatial data on daily mortality and ambulance callout are used in a Poission regression model. The work shows that it is possible to model hot spots of vulnerability in terms of increased mortality and a higher number of ambulance callouts. The results encourage further work on hot spot analysis to better target intervention measures, but also to look into risk perception and decomposing inequalities.
| Author | : Tanja Wolf |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 578 |
| Release | : 2009 |
| Genre | : City planning |
| ISBN | : |
Download Integrated Assessment of Vulnerability to Heat Stress in Urban Areas Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
| Author | : Nasrin Aghamohammadi |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 364 |
| Release | : 2022-10-05 |
| Genre | : Architecture |
| ISBN | : 9811947074 |
Download Urban Overheating: Heat Mitigation and the Impact on Health Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The book reviews and reports the recent progress and knowledge on the specific impact of current and projected urban overheating as well as of the urban mitigation technologies on mortality and morbidity and urban vulnerability. It presents recent data and developments on the topic reported by some of the more distinguished researchers in this area. In parallel, it discusses new findings related to the characteristics and the magnitude of urban overheating and reports and analyzes the recent knowledge on the synergies between urban heat island and heatwaves. This book helps to advance our understanding on the interaction between Urban Heat Island (UHI) and overheating as well as their impact on energy demand and public health globally. Exploring the interaction between UHI and energy consumption requires the understanding on the dynamics of UHI intensity and air pollution index in different land use and how such interactions may vary in different cities in the world. Moreover, this book focuses on different cities in Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Cyprus, Greece, Hong Kong, India, Asia, Spain, UK, and USA.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2009 |
| Genre | : Heat |
| ISBN | : 9781109386028 |
Download Heat Stress Vulnerability as Predicted by Spatial Analysis of Remotely Sensed Imagery and Socioeconomic Data for Philadelphia, PA Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania implemented an extreme heat-wave warning stystem in 1995 in response to elevated levels of heat-stress related illnesses and mortality (Kalkstein, 1995). The heat-wave warning system informs the entire city of Philadelphia, regardless of neighborhood or socio-economic status of forecasted heat waves that are to exceed 115° F for at least three hours or more during the coarse of a day. However, many researchers have studied the Urban Heat Island phenomenon over the years and have attributed the high percentage of industrial materials and the low percentage of green vegetation to rising temperatures (Lo et. al., 1997; Voogt and Oke 2003; Jenerett et. al., 2006). In addition, others have cited poorer, disenfranchised communities within urban areas as being more vulnerable to heat stress during the warm summer months due to some of the physical characteristics, such as industrial materials, of cities (Harlan et. al., 2006; Harlan et. al., 2007). This study analizes the spatial variability of surface temperatures and material types derived from spaceborne thermal infrared and spectral satellite imagery in addition to socio-economic data to locate areas of higher risk through spatial analysis and exploratory statistical analyses. The satellite imagery provides a snapshot in time during a hot summer day that provides us with the spatial variations of surface temperatures and the census data provides information on who lives within the hottest, or more stressful areas. The findings of this study shows that 22 of the 381 census tracks cluster together to form a likely area of higher vulnerability based on poverty levels, population densities, surface temperatures, old housing (pre 1960's), and green vegetation.
| Author | : Asian Development Bank |
| Publisher | : Asian Development Bank |
| Total Pages | : 198 |
| Release | : 2022-08-01 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9292696343 |
Download Beating the Heat Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Cities in Asia and the Pacific are increasingly at risk of heat waves, which are expected to be more severe and persistent due to global warming. The urban poor are especially vulnerable to heat stress and associated health and productivity impacts as they often work outdoors and tend to live in overcrowded housing without adequate ventilation or cooling. This publication examines opportunities for countries to pursue pro-poor urban resilience initiatives to reduce the impacts of heat stress. It emphasizes the need for policies and investments to be based on long-term planning and actions at all scales: individual and household, neighborhood, and city.
| Author | : Michele Zinzi |
| Publisher | : MDPI |
| Total Pages | : 350 |
| Release | : 2019-04-04 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3038976369 |
Download Urban Overheating - Progress on Mitigation Science and Engineering Applications Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The combination of global warming and urban sprawl is the origin of the most hazardous climate change effect detected at urban level: Urban Heat Island, representing the urban overheating respect to the countryside surrounding the city. This book includes 18 papers representing the state of the art of detection, assessment mitigation and adaption to urban overheating. Advanced methods, strategies and technologies are here analyzed including relevant issues as: the role of urban materials and fabrics on urban climate and their potential mitigation, the impact of greenery and vegetation to reduce urban temperatures and improve the thermal comfort, the role the urban geometry in the air temperature rise, the use of satellite and ground data to assess and quantify the urban overheating and develop mitigation solutions, calculation methods and application to predict and assess mitigation scenarios. The outcomes of the book are thus relevant for a wide multidisciplinary audience, including: environmental scientists and engineers, architect and urban planners, policy makers and students.
| Author | : William Alonso |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 216 |
| Release | : 1964 |
| Genre | : Rent (Economic theory) |
| ISBN | : 9780674729568 |
Download Location and Land Use Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
| Author | : Susanne C. Moser |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 360 |
| Release | : 2013-07-18 |
| Genre | : Nature |
| ISBN | : 1135071306 |
Download Successful Adaptation to Climate Change Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
What does successful adaptation look like? This is a question we are frequently asked by planners, policy makers and other professionals charged with the task of developing and implementing adaptation strategies. While adaptation is increasingly recognized as an important climate risk management strategy, and on-the-ground adaptation planning activity is becoming more common-place, there is no clear guidance as to what success would look like, what to aim for and how to judge progress. This edited volume makes significant progress toward unpacking the question of successful adaptation, offering both scientifically informed and practice-relevant answers from various sectors and regions of the world. It brings together 18 chapters from leading experts within the field to present careful analyses of different cases and situations, questioning throughout commonly avowed truisms and unspoken assumptions that have pervaded climate adaptation science and practice to date. This book offers not one answer but demonstrates how the question of success in important ways is normative and context specific. It identifies the various dimensions of success, such as economic, political, institutional, ecological, and social, explores the tensions between them, and compiles encouraging evidence that resolutions can be found. The book appraises how climatic and non-climatic stressors play a role, what role science does and can play in adaptation decision making, and how trade-offs and other concerns and priorities shape adaptation planning and implementation on the ground. This is timely interdisciplinary text sheds light on key issues that arise in on-the-ground adaptation to climate change. It bridges the gap between science and practical application of successful adaptation strategies and will be of interest to both students, academics and practitioners.
| Author | : Ronald Bruce Mitchell |
| Publisher | : MIT Press |
| Total Pages | : 362 |
| Release | : 2006 |
| Genre | : Environmental impact analysis |
| ISBN | : 0262134683 |
Download Global Environmental Assessments Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
A comparative analysis of global environmental assessments shows the importance of policy salience, scientific credibility, and social and political legitimacy in determining the influence of scientific assessments on global environmental policy.
