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Hardrock Seismic Exploration

Hardrock Seismic Exploration
Author: David W. Eaton
Publisher: SEG Books
Total Pages: 277
Release: 2003
Genre: Seismic prospecting
ISBN: 156080114X

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With case histories and chapters on principles of acquisition, processing, modelling, and interpretation, this book is invaluable for seismic exploration of hardrock terranes. Balancing tutorial, review, application, and future research directions, it is useful for researchers, geophysicists, geotechnical engineers, and seismic processors.


Interactive Data Processing and 3D Visualization of the Solid Earth

Interactive Data Processing and 3D Visualization of the Solid Earth
Author: Daniel Patel
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 359
Release: 2022-02-21
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 3030907163

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This book presents works detailing the application of processing and visualization techniques for analyzing the Earth’s subsurface. The topic of the book is interactive data processing and interactive 3D visualization techniques used on subsurface data. Interactive processing of data together with interactive visualization is a powerful combination which has in the recent years become possible due to hardware and algorithm advances in. The combination enables the user to perform interactive exploration and filtering of datasets while simultaneously visualizing the results so that insights can be made immediately. This makes it possible to quickly form hypotheses and draw conclusions. Case studies from the geosciences are not as often presented in the scientific visualization and computer graphics community as e.g., studies on medical, biological or chemical data. This book will give researchers in the field of visualization and computer graphics valuable insight into the open visualization challenges in the geosciences, and how certain problems are currently solved using domain specific processing and visualization techniques. Conversely, readers from the geosciences will gain valuable insight into relevant visualization and interactive processing techniques. Subsurface data has interesting characteristics such as its solid nature, large range of scales and high degree of uncertainty, which makes it challenging to visualize with standard methods. It is also noteworthy that parallel fields of research have taken place in geosciences and in computer graphics, with different terminology when it comes to representing geometry, describing terrains, interpolating data and (example-based) synthesis of data. The domains covered in this book are geology, digital terrains, seismic data, reservoir visualization and CO2 storage. The technologies covered are 3D visualization, visualization of large datasets, 3D modelling, machine learning, virtual reality, seismic interpretation and multidisciplinary collaboration. People within any of these domains and technologies are potential readers of the book.


3-D Seismic Interpretation

3-D Seismic Interpretation
Author: M. Bacon
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 236
Release: 2007-10-18
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1107268702

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3-D seismic data have become the key tool used in the petroleum industry to understand the subsurface. In addition to providing excellent structural images, the dense sampling of a 3-D survey makes it possible to map reservoir quality and the distribution of oil and gas. Topics covered in this book include basic structural interpretation and map-making; the use of 3-D visualisation methods; interpretation of seismic amplitudes, including their relation to rock and fluid properties; and the generation and use of AVO and acoustic impedance datasets. This new paperback edition includes an extra appendix presenting new material on novel acquisition design, pore pressure prediction from seismic velocity, elastic impedance inversion, and time lapse seismics. Written by professional geophysicists with many years' experience in the oil industry, the book is indispensable for geoscientists using 3-D seismic data, including graduate students and new entrants into the petroleum industry.


Elements of 3D Seismology, third edition

Elements of 3D Seismology, third edition
Author: Christopher L. Liner
Publisher: SEG Books
Total Pages: 363
Release: 2016-10-15
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1560803371

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Elements of 3D Seismology, third edition is a thorough introduction to the acquisition, processing, and interpretation of 3D seismic data. This third edition is a major update of the second edition. Sections dealing with interpretation have been greatly revised in accordance with improved understanding and availability of data and software. Practice exercises have been added, as well as a 3D seismic survey predesign exercise. Discussions include: conceptual and historical foundations of modern reflection seismology; an overview of seismic wave phenomena in acoustic, elastic, and porous media; acquisition principles for land and marine seismic surveys; methods used to create 2D and 3D seismic images from field data; concepts of dip moveout, prestack migration, and depth migration; concepts and limitations of 3D seismic interpretation for structure, stratigraphy, and rock property estimation; and the interpretation role of attributes, impedance estimation, and AVO. This book is intended as a general text on reflection seismology, including wave propagation, data acquisition, processing, and interpretation and will be of interest to entry-level geophysicists, experts in related fields (geology, petroleum engineering), and experienced geophysicists in one subfield wishing to learn about another (e.g., interpreters wanting to learn about seismic waves or data acquisition).


Seismic Texture for Rock Volume Classification and Cooperative Inversion

Seismic Texture for Rock Volume Classification and Cooperative Inversion
Author: Cuong Van Anh Le
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2017
Genre: Geophysics
ISBN:

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Seismic methods are fundamental to subsurface research and exploration. High resolution three-dimensional (3D) seismic reflection data is tremendously rich in subsurface information, yet can fail to map broader geological and or geotechnical contexts. We introduce a new suite of methods for volumetric classification or "domaining" of seismic reflectivity based on texture. The methods are quantitative, traceable and may reveal geological and or geotechnical domains within a seismic reflectivity images, that would otherwise remain hidden. These methods are sensitive to subtle variations in reflectivity texture and have particular application in hard rock settings where change in average velocity may be negligible across rock volumes that exhibit significant changes in texture. Dip steered seismic texture attributes like; contrast, entropy, and homogeneity, are used as input to cluster based geo-statistical techniques to recover new volume rendered image of the subsurface. Examples are provided from 3D seismic surveys in Nevada, USA and Kevitsa, Finland. For the Nevada data set, our technique differentiates textures in thick cover sequences to over 500 m below ground level and reveals changes in seismic textures across fault zones. Also the textural domains provide 3D boundaries that feed into cooperative inversion of seismic and electromagnetic data to yield subsurface conductivity distributions with detail not possible with standard magnetotelluric inversion. In Finland, our textural domaining points towards relationships between seismic texture and distribution of Ni concentration at the polymetallic Kevitsa mine site.


The Seismic Velocity Model as an Interpretation Asset

The Seismic Velocity Model as an Interpretation Asset
Author: Phil Schultz
Publisher: SEG Books
Total Pages: 234
Release: 1998-12-30
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1560800917

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A 3D velocity model is built with a both geophysical and geologic input because of the accuracy demands of depth imaging, so it becomes an increasingly effective interpretive tool. This book addresses ways in which the interpreter should participate in development of the model and underscores its interpretive value with case study examples.