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Fundamentals of EU VAT Law

Fundamentals of EU VAT Law
Author: Frank Nellen
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Total Pages: 643
Release: 2020-08-19
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9403523441

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Parties to cross-border disputes arising anywhere in the vast Portuguese-speaking world – a community of more than 230 million in a space that offers a wide array of investment opportunities across four continents – increasingly seek Portugal as their preferred seat of arbitration. A signatory to all relevant international conventions, Portugal has proven to be an ‘arbitration-friendly’ jurisdiction. This volume is the first and so far only book in English that provides a thorough, in-depth analysis of international arbitration law and practice in Portugal. Its contributing authors are among the most highly regarded legal names in the country, including scholars, arbitrators, and practitioners. The authors describe how international arbitration proceedings are conducted in Portugal, what cautions should be taken, and what procedural strategies may be suitable in particular cases. They provide insightful answers to questions such as the following: What matters can be submitted to arbitration under Portuguese law? What are the validity requirements for an arbitration agreement? How do the State courts interact with arbitration proceedings and what is the attitude of such courts toward international arbitration? What are the rules governing evidentiary matters in arbitration? How is an arbitration tribunal constituted? How are arbitrators appointed? How may they be challenged? How can an international arbitral award be recognized and enforced? How does the Portuguese legal system address the issue of damages and what specific damages are admitted? How are the costs of arbitration proceedings estimated and allocated? The book includes analyses of arbitration related to specific fields of the law, notably sports, administrative, tax, intellectual property rights (especially regarding reference and generic medicines), and corporate disputes. Each chapter provides, for the topics it addresses, an examination of the applicable laws, rules, arbitration practice, and views taken by arbitral tribunals and state courts as well as those of the most highly considered scholars. As a detailed examination of the legal framework and of all procedural steps of an arbitration in Portugal, from the drafting of an arbitration agreement to the enforcement of an award, this book constitutes an invaluable resource for parties involved in or considering an international arbitration in this country. The guidance that it seeks to provide in respect of any problem likely to arise in this context can be useful to arbitrators, judges, academics, and interested lawyers.


VAT Grouping from a European Perspective

VAT Grouping from a European Perspective
Author: Sebastian Pfeiffer
Publisher:
Total Pages: 336
Release: 2015
Genre: Value-added tax
ISBN: 9789087223298

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In theory, VAT is a neutral tax and should not become a burden for companies. On that account, the business decision to insource or outsource activities should be irrelevant for the VAT treatment. However, the current EU VAT regime is (partly) harmonized and does not generate neutrality for all companies involved, i.e. companies not able to (fully) deduct input taxes. Member States are granted an option for introducing a VAT grouping regime that allows legally independent persons to be treated as one single taxable person under certain conditions. The main consequence of VAT grouping is that it leads to out-of-scope intra-group transactions, enabling companies to outsource functions without running the risk of non-deductible VAT. The notion of EU VAT grouping stems from the German Organschaft regime, which was originally introduced to produce neutrality within the chain of companies. 0This book provides an overview of VAT policy considerations for introducing VAT grouping and the history of the EU VAT grouping notion, and offers an in-depth analysis of the scope of the VAT grouping notion found in the VAT Directive. While elaborating on the scope of the VAT grouping concept, the fundamental freedoms relating to the territorial scope and State aid provisions with respect to the personal scope are scrutinized. The scope of VAT grouping is furthermore analysed in the light of the ECJ’s case law on VAT grouping, VAT in general and other case law relevant to the topic.


International VAT/GST Guidelines

International VAT/GST Guidelines
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 116
Release: 2017
Genre:
ISBN: 9789264295490

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Value Added Tax (VAT; also known as Goods and Services Tax, under the acronym GST in a number of OECD countries) has become a major source of revenue for governments around the world. Some 165 countries operated a VAT at the time of the completion of the International VAT/GST Guidelines in 2016, more than twice as many as 25 years before. As VAT continued to spread across the world, international trade in goods and services has also expanded rapidly in an increasingly globalised economy. One consequence of these developments has been the greater interaction between VAT systems, along with growing risks of double taxation and unintended non-taxation in the absence of international VAT co-ordination. The International VAT/GST Guidelines now present a set of internationally agreed standards and recommended approaches to address the issues that arise from the uncoordinated application of national VAT systems in the context of international trade. They focus in particular on trade in services and intangibles, which poses increasingly important challenges for the design and operation of VAT systems worldwide. They notably include the recommended principles and mechanisms to address the challenges for the collection of VAT on cross-border sales of digital products that had been identified in the context of the OECD/G20 Project on Base and Erosion and Profit Shifting (the BEPS Project). These Guidelines were adopted as a Recommendation by the Council of the OECD in September 2016.


Fundamentals of EU VAT Law

Fundamentals of EU VAT Law
Author: Ad van Doesum
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Total Pages: 723
Release: 2016-07-21
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9041170170

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Value added tax (VAT) is responsible for generating approximately €903 billion per year in tax revenues across the European Union – revenues that play a huge role in budgetary policymaking in the Member States. This extremely useful book provides not only a thorough description of the current state of EU VAT law, but also a detailed explanation of the system’s rationale and its legislative provisions. It puts the elements of the system in perspective and shows how they are linked to each other. The focus lies on the rules which can be deduced from the sources of EU VAT law and on their application in practice. The systematic presentation covers such issues and topics as the following: • sources of EU VAT law, including principles derived from CJEU case law; • principles underlying the EU VAT system; • relations among the layers of VAT law – primary and secondary EU law, national law; • how to apply the VAT legislation and case law; • allocation of taxing rights (place of supply rules); • invoicing requirements and other administrative obligations; • exemptions, VAT rates and the taxable amount; • the right of deduction of input VAT; • intra-Community transactions, importation and exportation; • immovable property; and • how far a national court must and can go in interpreting national provisions in the light of the VAT Directive and the principles underlying the VAT system. The book follows the structure of the VAT Directive/VAT determination scheme, with additional topical chapters on immovable property, intra-Community transactions, and importation and exportation of goods. With its detailed attention to the meaning and interpretation of each legislative provision and court ruling, this book serves as an incomparable guide for practitioners. Its emphasis on the rationale and systematics of the EU VAT system make it an indispensable reference for all tax law professionals and researchers.


Value Added Tax

Value Added Tax
Author: Alan Schenk
Publisher: BRILL
Total Pages: 752
Release: 2022-10-17
Genre: Law
ISBN: 900450219X

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Virtues and Fallacies of VAT

Virtues and Fallacies of VAT
Author: Robert F. van Brederode
Publisher:
Total Pages: 728
Release: 2021-08-09
Genre:
ISBN: 9789403524238

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Value-added tax (VAT) is a mainstay of revenue systems in more than 160 countries. Because consumption is a more stable revenue base than other tax bases, VAT is less distorting and hence more likely to encourage investment, savings, optimum labor supply decisions, and growth. VAT is not without criticism however, and faces its own specific technical and policy challenges. This book, the first to thoroughly evaluate VAT from a global policy perspective after over 50 years of experience with its intricacies, offers authoritative perspectives on VAT's full spectrum--from its signal successes to the subtle ways its application can undermine revenue performance and economic neutrality. The contributors--leading tax practitioners and academics--examine the key policy issues and topics that are crucially relevant for measuring the success of the tax in the first part of the book, including: revenue generation and revenue efficiency; single rate versus multiple rates; susceptibility to fraud; exemptions and exceptions; compliance cost for businesses; policy and compliance gaps in revenue collection; adjustment rules caused by the transactional nature of the tax; transfer pricing issues; treatment of vouchers; permanent establishments and holding companies; payment of refunds; cross-border digital transactions; and supplies for free or below cost price. The second part offers six country reports--on New Zealand, Japan, China, Colombia, Ethiopia, and India--to demonstrate the different ways in which VAT operates in a variety of national economies. Whether a government is contemplating the imposition of a general consumption tax for the first time or new rules for applying an existing one, it is important for policymakers to keep central the aim to design a tax that realizes optimal efficiency and causes minimal distortions. This invaluable book serves as an expert guide to VAT policy development in this area. It will be welcomed not only by concerned government officials but also by tax professionals (both lawyers and accountants) and academics in tax law.


International Juridical Double Taxation from an Ability-to-Pay Perspective under EU Law

International Juridical Double Taxation from an Ability-to-Pay Perspective under EU Law
Author: Maria Júlia Ildefonso Mendonça
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Total Pages: 381
Release: 2023-01-22
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9403503084

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The hurdles emerging from the parallel exercise of Member States’ tax sovereignty have been examined by the CJEU and intensely discussed by scholars. By uncovering a paradox in the CJEU’s case law, this groundbreaking book provides a constructive alternative to the deadlock created by the CJEU when ruling that international juridical double taxation, although constituting an obstacle to free movement, is not contrary to EU law. The book – the first in-depth treatment of this perspective – enables taxpayers facing international juridical double taxation to understand how their ability to pay is protected under EU law and the limitations that protection faces. Every aspect of the matter is rigorously examined, including the following: important differences between the traditional notion of double taxation and the current definition under Council Directive 2017/1852; legal means and methods designed to eliminate international juridical double taxation and the policies underlying them; freedoms of movement as prohibitions that limit the exercise of Member States’ taxing powers; consideration of expenses related to economic activity and personal and family circumstances; and in-depth discussion of taxation of income derived from source versus residence Member State. Throughout the book, the author refers to the case law of the CJEU on both international juridical double taxation and taxpayers’ ability to pay, as well as the relevant academic literature, allowing the reader to understand the current state of EU law on these matters and their relation. The author’s remarkable venture into this challenging field, with a deeply informed construction of instrumental categories and critical review of their content, culminates with a viable reformulation of the serious and growing problem of international juridical double taxation. The book will be welcomed by taxation professionals in practice, policymakers, and academia.