Variola and Vaccinia, History and Description
Author | : New England Vaccine Company |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 72 |
Release | : 1899 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
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Author | : New England Vaccine Company |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 72 |
Release | : 1899 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Author | : New England Vaccine Company |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 61 |
Release | : 1890 |
Genre | : Smallpox |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Wm; C. Cutler |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 66 |
Release | : 2015-08-05 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 9781332286508 |
Excerpt from Variola and Vaccinia, History and Description: Hints Relating to the Propagation of Vaccine Virus, Certain Anomalies in the Course of the Vaccine Disease; With Illustration No definite knowledge of the origin of the destructive plague, small-pox, has been discovered by writers on the subject, but histories and traditions of Eastern nations, especially of China and Hindostan, refer its commencement to a remote period before the Christian era. Most authorities place the date of its appearance in Egypt about A. D. 544, although it is believed by some writers that Philo, a Jewish philosopher, mentioned it in a work on the Life of Moses, written in the first century. It spread into Asia and Africa during the sixth and seventh centuries, and into the countries of Europe in the ninth and tenth centuries. The Spaniards carried it into Cuba and San Domingo soon after the discovery of America. It raged in Mexico in 1527, its victims numbering millions. From that date it gradually extended over the whole American continent. The first accurate and scientific description of the disease came from Rhazes, a celebrated Arabian physician, A. D. 925-926. Records of historians and travellers from the earliest ages teem with dismal details of the destruction of human life by this contagion. Its awful visitations seem to have been common throughout the world. The annual mortality from small-pox in England is said to have averaged about three thousand to each million of inhabitants. In France thirty thousand victims perished each year. In the Russian Empire it is reported to have been so malignant as to have cut off two millions of inhabitants in a single year. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author | : William C. Cutler |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 59 |
Release | : 1880 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Author | : John B. Buist |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 224 |
Release | : 1887 |
Genre | : Smallpox |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Committee on the Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Variola Virus |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 126 |
Release | : 1999-05-14 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 030959698X |
In 1980, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared that smallpox had been eradicated. In 1986, WHO's international Ad Hoc Committee on Orthopox Virus Infections unanimously recommended destruction of the two remaining official stocks of variola virus, one at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the other at the VECTOR laboratory in Siberia. In June 1999, WHO decided to delay the destruction of these stocks. Informing that decision was Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Variola Virus, which examines: -- Whether the sequenced variola genome, vaccinia, and monkey pox virus are adequate for future research or whether the live variola virus itself is needed to assist in the development of antiviral therapies. -- What further benefits, if any, would likely be gained through the use of variola in research and development efforts related to agent detection, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. -- What unique potential benefits, if any, the study of variola would have in increasing our fundamental understanding of the biology, host-agent interactions, pathogenesis, and immune mechanisms of viral diseases.
Author | : Derrick Baxby |
Publisher | : Heinemann Educational Publishers |
Total Pages | : 228 |
Release | : 1981 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Stuart N. Isaacs |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 402 |
Release | : 2008-02-03 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 1592597890 |
The Right Book at the Right Time The poxviruses comprise a family of complex DNA viruses that replicate in the cytoplasm of vertebrate or invertebrate cells. Of the eight recognized g- era of vertebrate poxviruses, those belonging to the orthopoxvirus genus have been most intensively studied. This group includes variola virus, the agent of smallpox, as well as cowpox virus and vaccinia virus. Jenner’s original sma- pox vaccine, described in 1798, consisted of live cowpox virus, but vaccinia virus later replaced it (1). There has been speculation as to the origin of v- cinia virus; the most likely idea is that it is a separate species, possibly ori- nally isolated from a horse, and is now extinct or rare in nature (2). Recent genome sequencing studies confirm the distinctness of variola virus, cowpox virus, and vaccinia virus and also their very close genetic relationship, which accounts for the cross protection of smallpox vaccines. The novelty of the smallpox vaccine can be readily appreciated by the time it took, about 80 years, before the next live vaccine against rabies was developed, and another 50 years for the yellow fever vaccine. Moreover, the eradication of smallpox in 1977 stands as a unique medical achievement. Because of its historical role, sma- pox vaccination contributed greatly to present concepts of infectious disease, immunity, and pathogenesis. Less well known, however, are the many other “firsts” for vaccinia virus.
Author | : Andrew Mercer |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 447 |
Release | : 2007-02-15 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 3764375574 |
This monograph provides a comprehensive review of the poxvirus family with a particular emphasis on current developments. It includes the latest insights into poxviral molecular biology, diagnosis, therapy, vaccine development and the beneficial exploitation of these viruses in biomedical research. Each chapter is written by a leader in the field, and the book includes historical perspectives and summaries of recent advances in the field.
Author | : Edgar March Crookshank |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 598 |
Release | : 1889 |
Genre | : Medicine |
ISBN | : |
Vol. 2 contains reproductions of original title pages of ten of the essays. Bibliographical footnotes.