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Value Reasoning

Value Reasoning
Author: Nicholas Rescher
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 147
Release: 2017-07-12
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 3319541390

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This book is a survey of key issues in the theory of evaluation aimed at exhibiting and clarifying the rational nature of the thought-procedures involved. By means of theoretical analysis and explanatory case studies, this volume shows how evaluation is—or should be—a rational procedure directed at appropriate objectives. Above all, it maintains the objectivity of rational evaluation.


Reasoning and Logic

Reasoning and Logic
Author:
Publisher: Ardent Media
Total Pages: 652
Release:
Genre:
ISBN:

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Cognitive Reasoning

Cognitive Reasoning
Author: Oleg M. Anshakov
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 424
Release: 2010-03-11
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 3540688757

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Dealing with uncertainty, moving from ignorance to knowledge, is the focus of cognitive processes. Understanding these processes and modelling, designing, and building artificial cognitive systems have long been challenging research problems. This book describes the theory and methodology of a new, scientifically well-founded general approach, and its realization in the form of intelligent systems applicable in disciplines ranging from social sciences, such as cognitive science and sociology, through natural sciences, such as life sciences and chemistry, to applied sciences, such as medicine, education, and engineering. The main subject developed in the book is cognitive reasoning investigated at three levels of abstraction: conceptual, formal, and realizational. The authors offer a model of a cognizing agent for the conceptual theory of cognitive reasoning, and they also present a logically well-founded formal cognitive reasoning framework to handle the various plausible reasoning methods. They conclude with an object model of a cognitive engine. The book is suitable for researchers, scientists, and graduate students working in the areas of artificial intelligence, mathematical logic, and philosophy.


Reasoning in Boolean Networks

Reasoning in Boolean Networks
Author: Wolfgang Kunz
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 250
Release: 1997-06-30
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 9780792399216

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Reasoning in Boolean Networks provides a detailed treatment of recent research advances in algorithmic techniques for logic synthesis, test generation and formal verification of digital circuits. The book presents the central idea of approaching design automation problems for logic-level circuits by specific Boolean reasoning techniques. While Boolean reasoning techniques have been a central element of two-level circuit theory for many decades Reasoning in Boolean Networks describes a basic reasoning methodology for multi-level circuits. This leads to a unified view on two-level and multi-level logic synthesis. The presented reasoning techniques are applied to various CAD-problems to demonstrate their usefulness for today's industrially relevant problems. Reasoning in Boolean Networks provides lucid descriptions of basic algorithmic concepts in automatic test pattern generation, logic synthesis and verification and elaborates their intimate relationship to provide further intuition and insight into the subject. Numerous examples are provide for ease in understanding the material. Reasoning in Boolean Networks is intended for researchers in logic synthesis, VLSI testing and formal verification as well as for integrated circuit designers who want to enhance their understanding of basic CAD methodologies.


Goal-based Reasoning for Argumentation

Goal-based Reasoning for Argumentation
Author: Douglas Walton
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 305
Release: 2015-08-25
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 1107119049

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Practical argumentation is intelligent reasoning from an agent's goals and known circumstances , and from an action selected as a means, to arrive at a decision on what action to take. This book will appeal to a wide audience, from designers of multi-agent and robotics systems to social scientists.


Reasoning with Data

Reasoning with Data
Author: Jeffrey M. Stanton
Publisher: Guilford Publications
Total Pages: 337
Release: 2017-04-28
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 1462530281

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Engaging and accessible, this book teaches readers how to use inferential statistical thinking to check their assumptions, assess evidence about their beliefs, and avoid overinterpreting results that may look more promising than they really are. It provides step-by-step guidance for using both classical (frequentist) and Bayesian approaches to inference. Statistical techniques covered side by side from both frequentist and Bayesian approaches include hypothesis testing, replication, analysis of variance, calculation of effect sizes, regression, time series analysis, and more. Students also get a complete introduction to the open-source R programming language and its key packages. Throughout the text, simple commands in R demonstrate essential data analysis skills using real-data examples. The companion website provides annotated R code for the book's examples, in-class exercises, supplemental reading lists, and links to online videos, interactive materials, and other resources. Pedagogical Features *Playful, conversational style and gradual approach; suitable for students without strong math backgrounds. *End-of-chapter exercises based on real data supplied in the free R package. *Technical explanation and equation/output boxes. *Appendices on how to install R and work with the sample datasets.


Qualitative Reasoning

Qualitative Reasoning
Author: Benjamin Kuipers
Publisher: MIT Press
Total Pages: 464
Release: 1994
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 9780262111904

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Qualitative models are better able than traditional models to express states of incomplete knowledge about continuous mechanisms. Qualitative simulation guarantees to find all possible behaviors consistent with the knowledge in the model. This expressive power and coverage is important in problem solving for diagnosis, design, monitoring, explanation, and other applications of artificial intelligence.


Machine Learning Methods for Commonsense Reasoning Processes: Interactive Models

Machine Learning Methods for Commonsense Reasoning Processes: Interactive Models
Author: Naidenova, Xenia
Publisher: IGI Global
Total Pages: 424
Release: 2009-10-31
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 1605668117

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This book suggests that classification is a key to human commonsense reasoning and transforms traditional considerations of data and knowledge communications, presenting an effective classification of logical rules used in the modeling of commonsense reasoning.


Practical Reasoning in Human Affairs

Practical Reasoning in Human Affairs
Author: J. L. Golden
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 484
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 9400946740

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This anthology of original essays has been nearly .two and one-half years in the making, and reflects the generous effort of many persons. To begin with, we thank the contributors to the volume, who not only cooperated with regards to their own works, but who also provided valuable advice concerning the over-all volume. One of the contributors was outstanding in his assistance and warrants special mention: we thank Professor Michel Meyer, for his encouragement, counsel, and dedication to see this project to comple tion. We would also like to thank Professor Jaakko Hintikka for his encouragement and Mrs. Kuipers of Reidel for her patience and under standing along the way. A project such as this could never have been completed without the unique assistance of members of the Department of Communication, Ohio State University: Ms. Kimberly Pasi and Mr. Charles Mawhirtcr. Also, special thanks are due to our graduate research assistant Ms. Susan Jasko, for her proofreading and bibliographic work. The pressures of developing a Festschrift are considerable and could not have been met without the cooperation and enthusiasm of Mrs. Perelman, especially in allowing us to publish Professor Perelman's address to Ohio State University as our introduction.