Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Using Brfss Data For Small Area Analysis Of Cancer Screening Behaviors PDF full book. Access full book title Using Brfss Data For Small Area Analysis Of Cancer Screening Behaviors.
| Author | : Holly L. Howe |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 30 |
| Release | : 1995 |
| Genre | : Breast |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Phoebe Tran |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2020 |
| Genre | : Health risk assessment |
| ISBN | : 9781529741605 |
Although increasing attention has been turned toward the health behaviors and disease conditions of rural residents in the United States, obtaining data on this population group can be challenging. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) surveys provide the opportunity to study the impact of rural residence on health in a large existing dataset. In this case study, we share our experiences working with BRFSS data to study U.S. rural health in the context of diabetes screening. The process of accessing BRFSS data and codebooks as well as creation of a rural residence variable from BRFSS data will be discussed. We describe how to determine the distribution of sociodemographic and clinical factors in the BRFSS dataset as well as obtain unadjusted and adjusted estimates of diabetes screening using the rural residence variable. The BRFSS's advantages (ease of use, national representativeness, wide range of questions) and limitations (self-reported nature) will also be highlighted. This case study can be used to gain an introductory understanding of how to use and analyze BRFSS data in rural health studies.
| Author | : Karen L. Schneider |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 198 |
| Release | : 2008 |
| Genre | : Breast |
| ISBN | : 9780549677024 |
Often, methods used to analyze national health survey data on cancer screening have been descriptive in nature, reporting prevalence estimates and bivariate results from chi-square tests. Some studies have identified correlates of screening using individual-level logistic regression models. However, the richness of the data and the large sample sizes allow for more complex analyses to evaluate the influence of both individual-level and community-level variables on mammography utilization. Thus, the purpose of this dissertation was to demonstrate the utility of two different advanced methods not normally used to analyze national health survey data in the context of mammography: small-area estimation and multilevel modeling. We used Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data, linked with U.S. Census and Area Resource File data. Also, we attempted to explore how data quality (i.e. non-response bias) impacts the validity of prevalence estimates obtained from the BRFSS. We evaluated sociodemographic factors often related to mammography, such as income, marital status, and race/ethnicity. First, we found that small area estimation was advantageous for surveillance of mammography utilization on the county-level. This method allowed documentation of geographic disparities and improved our understanding of the spatial distribution of mammography prevalence. We concluded that researchers should consider such county-level variation in future analyses and intervention design. Second, a multilevel model that included county-level contextual confounders only negligibly impacted the association between individual-level race/ethnicity and mammography. However, stratifying individual-level analyses by county-level poverty rate showed that context does influence Hispanic women's receipt of mammography Future policies that equalize health care access across racial/ethnic groups and target resources to Hispanics living in high poverty may improve screening prevalence for all groups and eliminate disparities. Finally, we found that BRFSS prevalence estimates diverged from Census estimates on several sociodemographic factors, even after adjustment for non-response---more so when estimating county-level prevalence. Lower response rates (
| Author | : Institute of Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 213 |
| Release | : 2002-06-20 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0309083435 |
Many Americans believe that people who lack health insurance somehow get the care they really need. Care Without Coverage examines the real consequences for adults who lack health insurance. The study presents findings in the areas of prevention and screening, cancer, chronic illness, hospital-based care, and general health status. The committee looked at the consequences of being uninsured for people suffering from cancer, diabetes, HIV infection and AIDS, heart and kidney disease, mental illness, traumatic injuries, and heart attacks. It focused on the roughly 30 million-one in seven-working-age Americans without health insurance. This group does not include the population over 65 that is covered by Medicare or the nearly 10 million children who are uninsured in this country. The main findings of the report are that working-age Americans without health insurance are more likely to receive too little medical care and receive it too late; be sicker and die sooner; and receive poorer care when they are in the hospital, even for acute situations like a motor vehicle crash.
| Author | : Institute of Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 200 |
| Release | : 2011-08-26 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0309212197 |
Chronic diseases are common and costly, yet they are also among the most preventable health problems. Comprehensive and accurate disease surveillance systems are needed to implement successful efforts which will reduce the burden of chronic diseases on the U.S. population. A number of sources of surveillance data-including population surveys, cohort studies, disease registries, administrative health data, and vital statistics-contribute critical information about chronic disease. But no central surveillance system provides the information needed to analyze how chronic disease impacts the U.S. population, to identify public health priorities, or to track the progress of preventive efforts. A Nationwide Framework for Surveillance of Cardiovascular and Chronic Lung Diseases outlines a conceptual framework for building a national chronic disease surveillance system focused primarily on cardiovascular and chronic lung diseases. This system should be capable of providing data on disparities in incidence and prevalence of the diseases by race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geographic region, along with data on disease risk factors, clinical care delivery, and functional health outcomes. This coordinated surveillance system is needed to integrate and expand existing information across the multiple levels of decision making in order to generate actionable, timely knowledge for a range of stakeholders at the local, state or regional, and national levels. The recommendations presented in A Nationwide Framework for Surveillance of Cardiovascular and Chronic Lung Diseases focus on data collection, resource allocation, monitoring activities, and implementation. The report also recommends that systems evolve along with new knowledge about emerging risk factors, advancing technologies, and new understanding of the basis for disease. This report will inform decision-making among federal health agencies, especially the Department of Health and Human Services; public health and clinical practitioners; non-governmental organizations; and policy makers, among others.
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 424 |
| Release | : 2012-06-29 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0309255716 |
In the late 1980s, the National Cancer Institute initiated an investigation of cancer risks in populations near 52 commercial nuclear power plants and 10 Department of Energy nuclear facilities (including research and nuclear weapons production facilities and one reprocessing plant) in the United States. The results of the NCI investigation were used a primary resource for communicating with the public about the cancer risks near the nuclear facilities. However, this study is now over 20 years old. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission requested that the National Academy of Sciences provide an updated assessment of cancer risks in populations near USNRC-licensed nuclear facilities that utilize or process uranium for the production of electricity. Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations near Nuclear Facilities: Phase 1 focuses on identifying scientifically sound approaches for carrying out an assessment of cancer risks associated with living near a nuclear facility, judgments about the strengths and weaknesses of various statistical power, ability to assess potential confounding factors, possible biases, and required effort. The results from this Phase 1 study will be used to inform the design of cancer risk assessment, which will be carried out in Phase 2. This report is beneficial for the general public, communities near nuclear facilities, stakeholders, healthcare providers, policy makers, state and local officials, community leaders, and the media.
| Author | : Domenico Ribatti |
| Publisher | : Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 198 |
| Release | : 2020-01-21 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0128194944 |
Tumor Vascularization discusses the different types of growth of tumor blood vessels and their implications on research and healthcare. The book is divided into three parts: the first one, General Mechanisms, discusses different vessel growth mechanisms, such as sprouting angiogenesis, non-angiogenesis dependent growth, intussusceptive microvascular growth, vascular co-option and vasculogenic mimicry. The second and third parts, entitled Clinical Implications and Therapeutic Implications are dedicated to translating recent findings in this field to patient treatment and healthcare. This book is a valuable source for cancer researchers, oncologists, graduate students and members of the biomedical field who are interested in tumor progression and blood vessels. Explains new, non-orthodox concepts recently developed and related to the modality of growth of tumor blood vessels Provides information on the types of angiogenesis, non-angiogenesis dependent growth and vascular co-option, discussing both their similarities and differences Encompasses a discussion on clinical implications of tumor vascularization to translate research findings into treatment
| Author | : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 195 |
| Release | : 2020-01-30 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0309493439 |
Integrating Social Care into the Delivery of Health Care: Moving Upstream to Improve the Nation's Health was released in September 2019, before the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic in March 2020. Improving social conditions remains critical to improving health outcomes, and integrating social care into health care delivery is more relevant than ever in the context of the pandemic and increased strains placed on the U.S. health care system. The report and its related products ultimately aim to help improve health and health equity, during COVID-19 and beyond. The consistent and compelling evidence on how social determinants shape health has led to a growing recognition throughout the health care sector that improving health and health equity is likely to depend â€" at least in part â€" on mitigating adverse social determinants. This recognition has been bolstered by a shift in the health care sector towards value-based payment, which incentivizes improved health outcomes for persons and populations rather than service delivery alone. The combined result of these changes has been a growing emphasis on health care systems addressing patients' social risk factors and social needs with the aim of improving health outcomes. This may involve health care systems linking individual patients with government and community social services, but important questions need to be answered about when and how health care systems should integrate social care into their practices and what kinds of infrastructure are required to facilitate such activities. Integrating Social Care into the Delivery of Health Care: Moving Upstream to Improve the Nation's Health examines the potential for integrating services addressing social needs and the social determinants of health into the delivery of health care to achieve better health outcomes. This report assesses approaches to social care integration currently being taken by health care providers and systems, and new or emerging approaches and opportunities; current roles in such integration by different disciplines and organizations, and new or emerging roles and types of providers; and current and emerging efforts to design health care systems to improve the nation's health and reduce health inequities.
| Author | : Institute of Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 536 |
| Release | : 2003-02-01 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0309133181 |
The anthrax incidents following the 9/11 terrorist attacks put the spotlight on the nation's public health agencies, placing it under an unprecedented scrutiny that added new dimensions to the complex issues considered in this report. The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century reaffirms the vision of Healthy People 2010, and outlines a systems approach to assuring the nation's health in practice, research, and policy. This approach focuses on joining the unique resources and perspectives of diverse sectors and entities and challenges these groups to work in a concerted, strategic way to promote and protect the public's health. Focusing on diverse partnerships as the framework for public health, the book discusses: The need for a shift from an individual to a population-based approach in practice, research, policy, and community engagement. The status of the governmental public health infrastructure and what needs to be improved, including its interface with the health care delivery system. The roles nongovernment actors, such as academia, business, local communities and the media can play in creating a healthy nation. Providing an accessible analysis, this book will be important to public health policy-makers and practitioners, business and community leaders, health advocates, educators and journalists.
| Author | : Institute of Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 353 |
| Release | : 1999-06-11 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0309071542 |
We know more about cancer prevention, detection, and treatment than ever beforeâ€"yet not all segments of the U.S. population have benefited to the fullest extent possible from these advances. Some ethnic minorities experience more cancer than the majority population, and poor peopleâ€"no matter what their ethnicityâ€"often lack access to adequate cancer care. This book provides an authoritative view of cancer as it is experienced by ethnic minorities and the medically underserved. It offers conclusions and recommendations in these areas: Defining and understanding special populations, and improving the collection of cancer-related data. Setting appropriate priorities for and increasing the effectiveness of specific National Institutes of Health (NIH) research programs, to ensure that special populations are represented in clinical trials. Disseminating research results to health professionals serving these populations, with sensitivity to the issues of cancer survivorship. The book provides background data on the nation's struggle against cancer, activities and expenditures of the NIH, and other relevant topics.
