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U.S. Global Leadership Role and Domestic Polarization

U.S. Global Leadership Role and Domestic Polarization
Author: Gordon M. Friedrichs
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 292
Release: 2020-10-08
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1000196879
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In this book Gordon Friedrichs offers a pioneering insight into the implications of domestic polarization for U.S. foreign policymaking and the exercise of America’s international leadership role. Through a mixed-method design and a rich dataset consisting of polarization data, congressional debates and letters, as well as co-sponsorship coalitions, Friedrichs applies role theory to analyze three polarization effects for U.S. leadership role-taking: a sorting effect, a partisan warfare, and an institutional corrosion effect. These effects are deployed in two comparative case studies: The Iran nuclear crisis as well as the negotiations of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement. Friedrichs effectively exposes the drivers of polarization and how this extreme divergence has translated into partisan warfare as well as institutional corrosion, affecting direction and performance of the U.S. global leadership role. Through advancing role theory beyond other studies and developing the concept of "diagonal contestation" as a mechanism that allows us to locate polarization within a "two-level role game" between agent and structure, U.S. Global Leadership Role and Domestic Polarization is a rich resource for scholars of international relations, foreign policy analysis, American government and polarization.

Shaping the Future of Global Leadership

Shaping the Future of Global Leadership
Author: Salar A. Khan MD MBA
Publisher: Archway Publishing
Total Pages: 95
Release: 2020-08-28
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1480893684
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Leaders have come and gone, but few can be considered exemplary. War, destruction, and political corruption run rampant in the world. A wake-up call is needed to tackle the increasing polarization among nations from various unresolved conflicts. Leaders with sound morals and character must rise. In Shaping the Future of Global Leadership, author Dr. Salar A. Khan explores how to develop the mindset of a leader and train and select these people to create a more peaceful and just world. He reviews failures of the current leadership system and presents ideas for creating a new, independent global leadership organization (IGLO) that will generate standards for best practices and accountability for any wrongdoing among leaders. Khan demonstrates how this organization creates a system by which global leaders must undergo a thorough mental evaluation, personality and values development, and basic knowledge before engaging in the election process. In addition, he proposes a screening tool identifying global leaders with the highest chance of functioning well in making high-level decisions that impact the course of nations. Shaping the Future of Global Leadership demonstrates that by identifying and training the right leaders, we can work together to make the world a better place to live, one in which society is more harmonized and regulated.

Power and Superpower

Power and Superpower
Author: Morton H. Halperin
Publisher:
Total Pages: 464
Release: 2007
Genre: Political Science
ISBN:
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A Century Foundation and Center for American Progress publication The United States entered the twenty-first century as a global leader, emulated for its ideals as much as it is respected for its power to shape events. American leadership served as the bedrock for the international order, promoting prosperity and peace both at home and abroad. But in the first years of the new century, U.S. foreign policy--exemplified by war in Iraq, the rejection of international treaties, and disregard for traditional allies--gave the impression to many that the United States had abandoned that leadership role in favor of one premised on military power. In Power and Superpower, some of the United States' most distinguished and experienced policymakers and experts outline a foreign policy that would allow America to reclaim its status as a reliable and visionary global leader. The essays identify the pressing foreign policy issues currently facing the United States and provide analysis to underpin a progressive foreign policy that would call upon all of America's strengths and respect the commitments we share with the rest of the world. Contributors include Madeleine Albright (former secretary of state), Yaeli Bloch-Elkon (Columbia University), Nancy Birdsall (Center for Global Development), Mark Malloch Brown (deputy secretary general, United Nations), Wesley K. Clark (U.S.Army, ret.), Eileen Claussen (Pew Center on Global Climate Change), Ivo H. Daalder (Brookings), Elliot Diringer (Pew Center on Global Climate Change), James Dobbins (RAND Corporation), David P. Forsythe (University of Nebraska-Lincoln), Ken Gude (Center for American Progress), Charles A. Kupchan (Georgetown University), Robert Kuttner (American Prospect), Robert Z. Lawrence (Harvard University), Jim Leach (former U.S. representative, Iowa), Richard C. Leone (The Century Foundation), Michael McFaul (Stanford University), Stewart Patrick (Center for Global Development), John D. Podesta (Center for American Progress), Susan Rice (Brookings Institution), John G. Ruggie (Harvard University), William F. Schulz (Center for American Progress), Robert Y. Shapiro (Columbia University), Gayle Smith (Center for American Progress), George Soros (Open Society Institute), James B. Steinberg (Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, University of Texas), Daniel Tarullo (Georgetown University), Peter L.Trubowitz (University of Texas at Austin), and Milan Vaishnav (Center for Global Development).

Polarization and US Foreign Policy

Polarization and US Foreign Policy
Author: Gordon M. Friedrichs
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 431
Release:
Genre:
ISBN: 3031586182
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Polarization and Deep Contestations

Polarization and Deep Contestations
Author: Tanja A. Börzel
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 305
Release: 2024-08-06
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 0198916469
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This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Academic and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. This book explores the deep contestations of the liberal script in the contemporary United States from a variety of perspectives. US democracy today is in crisis because of a profound ideological and affective polarization. The chapters in this volume show that Donald Trump's grip on the Republican Party is a symptom and a catalyst, but not the cause, of the contemporary contestations of the liberal script in the US. To discern their major drivers from a longue durée perspective, each chapter takes a step back and asks three main questions: (1) How can we best describe the current contestations of the liberal script in the US, exploring the extent to which the US is unique in comparison to other liberal democracies facing similar contestations? (2) What are the main drivers and root causes that explain the current contestations and the crisis of American democracy they may precipitate? (3) What are the likely consequences for the future of American democracy? The conclusions do not lead us to expect a return to "the norm" of internal contestations of the liberal script that are common in liberal democracies and have characterized the US throughout its history. Political, economic, and cultural polarization is by now deeply entrenched in American society and is eroding "mutual toleration" as the basis of American democracy. In other words, the resilience of US liberal democracy is at stake. It is unlikely that we will see the US liberal script bounce back in the near future. This volume has emerged from research carried out as part of the Cluster of Excellence "Contestations of the Liberal Script - SCRIPTS", which analyzes the contemporary controversies about liberal ideas, institutions, and practices on the national and international level from a historical, global, and comparative perspective. It connects academic expertise in the social sciences and area studies and collaborates with research institutions in all world regions. Operating since 2019 and funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG), SCRIPTS unites eight major Berlin-based research institutions: Freie Universität Berlin, the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, the Berlin Social Science Center (WZB), the Hertie School, the German Institute for Economic Research (DIW), the Berlin branch of the German Institute of Global and Area Studies (GIGA), the Centre for East European and International Studies (ZOiS), and the Leibniz-Zentrum Moderner Orient (ZMO).

Hegemonic Transition

Hegemonic Transition
Author: Florian Böller
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 308
Release: 2021-08-16
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 3030745058
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This book offers an assessment of the ongoing transformation of hegemonic order and its domestic and international politics. The current international order is in crisis. Under the Trump administration, the USA has ceased to unequivocally support the institutions it helped to foster. China’s power surge, contestation by smaller states, and the West’s internal struggle with populism and economic discontent have undermined the liberal order from outside and from within. While the diagnosis of a crisis is hardly new, its sources, scope, and underlying politics are still up for debate. Our reading of hegemony diverges from a static concept, toward a focus on the dynamic politics of hegemonic ordering. This perspective includes the domestic support and demand for specific hegemonic goods, the contestation and backing by other actors within distinct layers of hegemonic orders, and the underlying bargaining between the hegemon and subordinate actors. The case studies in this book thus investigate hegemonic politics across regimes (e.g., trade and security), regions (e.g., Asia, Europe, and Global South), and actors (e.g., major powers and smaller states).

Power on the Precipice

Power on the Precipice
Author: Andrew Imbrie
Publisher: Yale University Press
Total Pages: 271
Release: 2020-09-08
Genre: History
ISBN: 0300256108
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An essential guide to renewing American leadership in a turbulent, polarized, and postdominant world Is America fated to decline as a great power? Can it recover? With absorbing insight and fresh perspective, foreign policy expert Andrew Imbrie provides a road map for bolstering American leadership in an era of turbulence abroad and deepening polarization at home. This is a book about choices: the tough policy trade-offs that political leaders need to make to reinvigorate American money, might, and clout. In the conventional telling, the United States is either destined for continued dominance or doomed to irreversible decline. Imbrie argues instead that the United States must adapt to changing global dynamics and compete more wisely. Drawing on the author’s own experience as an adviser to Secretary of State John Kerry, as well as on interviews and comparative studies of the rise and fall of nations, this book offers a sharp look at American statecraft and the United States’ place in the world today.

The Empty Throne

The Empty Throne
Author: Ivo H. Daalder
Publisher: PublicAffairs
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2018-10-16
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 9781541773851
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American diplomacy is in shambles, but beneath the daily chaos is an erosion of the postwar order that is even more dangerous. America emerged from the catastrophe of World War II convinced that global engagement and leadership were essential to prevent another global conflict and further economic devastation. That choice was not inevitable, but its success proved monumental. It brought decades of great power peace, underpinned the rise in global prosperity, and defined what it meant to be an American in the eyes of the rest of the world for generations. It was an historic achievement. Now, America has abdicated this vital leadership role. The Empty Throne is an inside portrait of the greatest lurch in US foreign policy since the decision to retreat back into Fortress America after World War I. The whipsawing of US policy has upended all that America's postwar leadership created-strong security alliances, free and open markets, an unquestioned commitment to democracy and human rights. Impulsive, theatrical, ill-informed, backward-looking, bullying, and reckless are the qualities that the American president brings to the table, when he shows up at all. The world has had to absorb the spectacle of an America unmaking the world it made, and the consequences will be with us for years to come.

Partisan Polarization and International Politics

Partisan Polarization and International Politics
Author: Rachel Maureen Myrick
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2021
Genre:
ISBN:
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This dissertation explores the relationship between partisan polarization and international politics. The project asks two questions. The primary question is: How does polarization affect the way democracies behave in international politics? Relative to non-democracies, democracies are generally better at keeping foreign policy consistent despite regular leadership turnover (stability advantage), credibly signaling information to adversaries (credibility advantage), and maintaining their international commitments (reliability advantage). I argue that extreme polarization undermines these "democratic advantages" by eroding the vertical and horizontal constraints on political power that confer them. I build evidence for this argument by leveraging new cross-national data on foreign policy positions of executives in 55 democratic countries from 1945-2015. I then focus on how polarization affects contemporary American foreign policy. Drawing on three original survey experiments, analyses of descriptive data on the behavior of political officials, and a series of elite interviews conducted in Washington, D.C., I show that growing polarization makes the United States a less credible adversary and less reliable ally. The secondary question this dissertation asks is: How does a state's security environment affect domestic polarization? A common explanation for the increasing polarization in contemporary American foreign policy is the absence of external threat. Using three methods--computational text analysis of congressional speeches, examination of historic public opinion polls, and a survey experiment about threats from a rival foreign power--I find that the external threat hypothesis has limited ability to explain either polarization in US foreign policy or affective polarization among the American public. Instead, responses to external threats reflect the domestic political environment in which they are introduced. Overall, this dissertation project emphasizes that partisan polarization is an important and under-explored source of variation in democratic foreign policymaking. I argue that we have little evidence that international threats have major impacts on domestic polarization. However, polarization over foreign affairs has important--and largely negative--consequences for the stability, credibility, and reliability of democratic states.

National Role Conceptions in a New Millennium

National Role Conceptions in a New Millennium
Author: Michael Grossman
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 173
Release: 2022-02-17
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1000541177
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National Role Conceptions in a New Millennium examines the transformation of the international system through an examination of the role conceptions adopted by the different global actors. Advancing current role theory scholarship in International Relations, the contributors take as their starting point the question of how international actors are responding to the reordering of the global system. They reflect on the rise of new actors and the reemergence of old rivalries, the decline of established norms, and the unleashing of internal political forces such as nationalism and parochialism. They argue that changes in the international system can impact how states define their roles and act as a variable in both domestic and international role contestations. Further, they examine the redefinition of roles of countries and the international organizations that have been central to the US and western dominated world order, including major powers in the world (the US, Russia, China, Britain etc.) as well as the European Union, NATO, and ASEAN. By looking at international organizations, this text moves beyond the traditional subjects of role theory in the study of international relations, to examine how roles are contested in non-state actors. National Role Conceptions in a New Millennium is the first attempt to delve into the individual motivations of states to seek role transition. As such, it is ideal for those teaching and studying both theory and method in international relations and foreign policy analysis.