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Urbanization and Growth

Urbanization and Growth
Author: Michael Spence
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2009
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9780821375730

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Structural change is a key driver of rapid growth: countries diversify into new industries, firms learn new things, people move to new locations. Anything that slows this structural change is also likely to slow growth. Because urbanization is one of the most important enabling parallel processes in rapid growth, making it work well is critical. Urbanization's contribution to growth comes from two sources: the difference between rural and urban productivity levels and more rapid productivity change in cities. In the early decades of development, when the majority of the population is still rural, the jump from rural to urban employment makes a big contribution to growth. As cities grow larger, the second effect faster gains in urban productivity - begins to dominate, as it operates on a larger base. Mortgages can improve households' ability to buy decent housing. But finance relaxes demand constraints only. Unless it is accompanied by measures to increase supply, better finance may result in overshooting prices. This volatility can jeopardize macroeconomic stability. In a typical pattern, strong income growth leads to a rapid increase in housing demand. An injection of liquidity from some source, often overseas, may help over stimulate the market, leading to over optimism and a dangerous concentration of wealth in real estate.


Urbanization in Large Developing Countries

Urbanization in Large Developing Countries
Author: Gavin W. Jones
Publisher:
Total Pages: 386
Release: 1997
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

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Urbanization is a key process in developing countries. Within the next decade over 50 per cent of the world's population will inhabit urban areas and the majority of this growth is concentrated in developing countries. Analysing data for four large countries, this volume focuses on the relationship between economic change and urban growth. Specifically the authors examine the continued growth of industrial employment at the expense of the agricultural sector, the impact of government-controlled regional and industrial policy and the role of migration in response to employment opportunities. There are also important chapters on government responses to the lack of basic infrastructure, and the resulting negative impact on human welfare, in the cities. The volume's coherence results from the cross-country comparisons made by the authors and the conclusions that are not geographically restricted but have potential applications, by urban planners, in all developing countries.


Urbanization in Developing Countries

Urbanization in Developing Countries
Author: Caroline Mutuku
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Total Pages: 8
Release: 2018-07-12
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 3668748802

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Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Economic and Social History, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: Urbanization is defined as the influx and increase of the number of people who live in the cities and major towns in the country, and it is caused by movement of people from rural areas to urban areas. The movement of people from rural to urban centers occurs mainly due to increased population pressure and limited resources available for a large population in the rural areas. Global change can be mostly associated to urban drift, and it contributes mostly to the people moving to the cities and towns. Most people move to urban centers in search of jobs and better living standards which are associated with urban areas. Various arguments have been advanced by scholars on whether urbanization is sustainable or unsustainable. In order to understand the sustainability of urbanization it is good to consider economic, social, political, cultural and environmental effects of urbanization. The increase in urbanization occurred during the industrialization period which took place in Europe in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. During this period, large masses of people moved from rural areas to urban areas in search of employment in the industries, but this phenomenon is now being witnessed in developing countries where industrialization is assuming upward trends. This paper will provide an overview of urbanization in developing countries, especially regarding its sustainability.


National Urbanization Policy in Developing Countries

National Urbanization Policy in Developing Countries
Author: Bertrand Renaud
Publisher: New York : Oxford University Press : Published for the World Bank
Total Pages: 202
Release: 1981
Genre: City planning
ISBN:

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This report focuses on the need for national urbanization policy. First, it presents a worldwide perspective on urbanization and explains why the need for active urbanization policies is greater for developing countries than it was in the past for economies that are now developed. It then discusses the factors affecting national spatial development and gives a country typology for national urbanization strategies. It also covers the determinants of the growth of urban systems, touching on migration, rural-urban interaction, and the roles of transport and industrialization. Next, the current status of national urbanization policy is assessed. The report concludes with a discussion on appropriate national urbanization strategies. The appendices cover urbanization issues in Latin America and in large centrally planned economies, such as the Soviet Union and China.


Sustainable Urbanism in Developing Countries

Sustainable Urbanism in Developing Countries
Author: Uday Chatterjee
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 574
Release: 2022-04-19
Genre: Architecture
ISBN: 1000572390

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The mushrooming of illegal housing on the periphery of cities is one of the main consequences of rapid urbanisation associated with social and environmental problems in the developing countries. Sustainable Urbanism in Developing Countries discusses the linkage between urbanism and sustainability and how sustainable urbanism can be implemented to overcome the problems of housing and living conditions in urban areas. Through case studies from India, Indonesia, China, etc., using advanced GIS techniques, this book analyses several planning and design criteria to solve the physical, social, and economic problems of urbanisation and refers to urban planning as an effective measure to protect and promote the cultural characteristics of specific locations in these developing countries. FEATURES Investigates an interdisciplinary approach to urbanism, including urban ecology, ecosystem services, sustainable landscapes, and advanced geographical systems Analyses unique case studies of rapid urbanisation from a local to a national scale in countries such as India, Sri Lanka, China, Bangladesh, Malaysia, and Indonesia and their global impact Examines the use of GIS and spatial statistics in analysing urban sprawl and the massive amount of data gathered by every operational activity of municipalities Focuses on the holistic perspective of sustainable urbanism and the harmony in the human–nature relationship to achieve sustainable development Covers a wide range of issues manifested in urban areas with economic, societal, and environmental implications contributed by leading scholars from the Global South


Urbanization in Large Developing Countries

Urbanization in Large Developing Countries
Author: Gavin W. Jones
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2023
Genre: City planning
ISBN: 9781383017878

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Examines the interactions between economic change and urbanization, in the form of structural shifts in employment, regional development policy, and national industrial policy. This book also discusses the human welfare problems associated with rapid urbanization and a lack of government finance.


Third World Cities

Third World Cities
Author: John D. Kasarda
Publisher: SAGE
Total Pages: 331
Release: 1993
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0803944853

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It took New York City (the world's largest metropolis in 1950) nearly a century and a half to expand by eight million residents. Mexico City and Sao Paulo will match this growth in less than fifteen years. Asia's mega-cities, too, are exploding in number and size. This kind of unprecedented growth is being echoed in the urban centers of developing nations around the globe. The essays in this volume address the wide array of problematic issues--as well as the opportunities and advantages--that are the natural outgrowth of such rapid urbanization. Third World Cities examines three sets of vital issues. Drawing on the experience and evidence of the past two decades, the book's initial chapters assess theoretical frameworks upon which urban and migration policies are based. The authors of the middle section press for fresh approaches to the increasing demands placed on institutions and individuals in the largest cities of the developing world. The final chapters examine the complex demographic, social, and economic processes of urban growth. Students, professionals, and policymakers in development and urban studies, public administration, sociology, political science and comparative politics, geography, and ethnic studies will find Third World Cities to be a refreshing and innovative look at this growing concern. "Third World Cities offers a range of new ideas on the demographic, social spatial, and environmental changes that are 'occurring so quickly that up-to-date evidence is elusive' . . . Third World Cities is both thought-provoking and highly readable." -The Economic Times


Urbanisation, Housing and the Development Process

Urbanisation, Housing and the Development Process
Author: David Drakakis-Smith
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 260
Release: 2012-07-26
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 1136866183

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Initially published in 1981, this book examines the problems of housing provision for the urban poor in developing countries, within the context of the development process as a whole. The investigation concentrates on the political economy of housing investment and illustrates how programmes and policies are often determined by broader development issues. Commencing with a discussion of urban growth in the Third World, the author then provides a general discussion on housing provision within contemporary development planning in the Third World. Four main types of accommodation – government construction, private sector, squatter housing and slum – are examined in terms of their contemporary and potential roles in meeting low cost housing needs. Drawing on evidence from a number of Asian countries, the study argues that the real needs of the urban poor are not being met, and that other political and economic objectives, set by the established elites of society, predominate.