Universal Service In A Competitive Local Exchange Telecommunications Environment PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Universal Service In A Competitive Local Exchange Telecommunications Environment PDF full book. Access full book title Universal Service In A Competitive Local Exchange Telecommunications Environment.
Author | : Donald Gale |
Publisher | : Universal-Publishers |
Total Pages | : 177 |
Release | : 2006-05-22 |
Genre | : Computers |
ISBN | : 1581123221 |
Download Universal Service in a Competitive Local Exchange Telecommunications Environment Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The telecommunications industry has evolved into a very competitive industry since 1980. Aggressive competition is the norm in the long distance, equipment, operator services and many other segments of the industry. The remaining segment of the market without widespread meaningful competition is the "last-mile" wireline service to the customer premise. Incumbent local exchange carriers enjoy a monopoly to serve nearly all residences and most business customers, collecting over 99% of all local exchange service revenues. Using their monopoly status, incumbents have developed a cross-subsidy system which uses the rates paid by some customers to lower the rates paid by others to support a policy known as "universal service." This policy has resulted in telephone service reaching 94% of America's households. Carriers claim that this policy cost them $20 billion annually, potential entrants claim the true cost is as low as $4 billion and the rest is profit. In the Telecommunications Act of 1996, Congress ordered the end of the local exchange monopoly and opened the local markets to competition. Congress also specified the continuation of universal service, specified that telephone penetration should be increased and specified that the universal service concept will be applied to America's schools, libraries and rural health centers. Congress also specified that, unlike today, all carriers will contribute fairly and equitably fairly to the universal service fund and that all carriers providing local service, including new competitors, will be eligible to receive support from the fund. The cost to meet these requirements in a competitive environment totals $7.2 billion, or 5.1% of net carrier revenue. This thesis addresses the definition of universal service and the services that should be eligible for support, the new competitive environment, how to collect the universal service support fund, and how to best distribute the funds to customers targeted to receive support from the system: those in high-cost areas, low-income consumers, and schools and libraries for advanced communications services.
Author | : Donald Michael Gale |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 338 |
Release | : 1997 |
Genre | : Competition |
ISBN | : |
Download Universal Service in a Competitive Local Exchange Telecommunications Environment Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Milton Mueller |
Publisher | : American Enterprise Institute |
Total Pages | : 240 |
Release | : 1997 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 9780844740638 |
Download Universal Service Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This book revisits the critical period of unbridled competition between the Bell System and independent telephone companies early in this century.
Author | : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Telecommunications and the Internet |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 164 |
Release | : 2006 |
Genre | : Rural telecommunication |
ISBN | : |
Download Universal Service Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Patrick Xavier |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 160 |
Release | : 1995 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : |
Download Universal Service Obligations in a Competitive Telecommunications Environment Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Phyllis Bernt |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 114 |
Release | : 1996 |
Genre | : Competition |
ISBN | : |
Download The Eligible Telecommunications Carrier Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Barbara A. Cherry |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 288 |
Release | : 1999 |
Genre | : Communication, International |
ISBN | : |
Download Making Universal Service Policy Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This volume presents the current state of universal service policy from governmental, academic, and industry perspectives. It will be of great use to those involved in communication policy, including lawyers, economists, policy makers and scholars.
Author | : Peter F. Guerrero |
Publisher | : DIANE Publishing |
Total Pages | : 68 |
Release | : 2002-06 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 9780756724863 |
Download Telecommunications Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Provides an overview of current federal and state universal service support programs and discusses the potential impact of emerging Internet-based voice communications on how these programs are funded. The long-standing goal of universal service -- affordable residential telephone service for all Americans -- has resulted in a variety of federal and state support programs. Over the years, these programs have evolved as the telephone industry's structure changed and universal service benefits were extended to new groups, such as schools and libraries. Charts and tables.
Author | : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Telecommunications and the Internet |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 160 |
Release | : 2006 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : |
Download Universal Service: The high-cost fund Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Shinichi Watanabe |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 50 |
Release | : 1999 |
Genre | : Competition |
ISBN | : |
Download Competitive Local Telecommunications Markets and Universal Service Support Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle