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Understanding the Little Rock Crisis

Understanding the Little Rock Crisis
Author: Elizabeth Jacoway
Publisher: University of Arkansas Press
Total Pages: 209
Release: 1999-01-01
Genre: History
ISBN: 1557285306

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In the fall of 1957, Gov. Orval Faubus used the Arkansas National Guard to prohibit nine black children from entering Little Rock's Central High School. In the fall of 1997, the "Little Rock Nine" returned to Central High, this time escorted by President Bill Clinton. In the forty years that had intervened, the United States witnessed substantial changes in American race relations, but the city of Little Rock had not overcome its legacy of strife. The two-year crisis, once over, left behind confusion and misunderstanding. Racial and class-based mistrust lingers in the city of Little Rock, and, nationally and internationally, perceptions of Arkansas are still tied to the decades-old images of hatred and strife that marked the Little Rock crisis. In 1997, the University of Arkansas at Little Rock sponsored a gathering of scholars who traced the origins and addressed the legacy of the Central High crisis. Elizabeth Jacoway and C. Fred Williams commissioned a series of original and insightful papers that discussed economic, constitutional, historical, and personal aspects of the crisis and of segregation. Jacoway and Williams have collected the best of these papers, by such authors as Sheldon Hackney, Joel Williamson, and James Cobb and offer them here in the hope of enhancing understanding of, and creating a dialogue about, this defining moment in American history. This collection of accessible and provocative essays on a signal event in civil rights in this nation will resonate broadly and appeal to a diverse audience.


Little Rock

Little Rock
Author: Karen Anderson
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Total Pages: 344
Release: 2013-11-10
Genre: History
ISBN: 1400832144

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A political history of the most famous desegregation crisis in America The desegregation crisis in Little Rock is a landmark of American history: on September 4, 1957, after the Supreme Court struck down racial segregation in public schools, Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus called up the National Guard to surround Little Rock Central High School, preventing black students from going in. On September 25, 1957, nine black students, escorted by federal troops, gained entrance. With grace and depth, Little Rock provides fresh perspectives on the individuals, especially the activists and policymakers, involved in these dramatic events. Looking at a wide variety of evidence and sources, Karen Anderson examines American racial politics in relation to changes in youth culture, sexuality, gender relations, and economics, and she locates the conflicts of Little Rock within the larger political and historical context. Anderson considers how white groups at the time, including middle class women and the working class, shaped American race and class relations. She documents white women's political mobilizations and, exploring political resentments, sexual fears, and religious affiliations, illuminates the reasons behind segregationists' missteps and blunders. Anderson explains how the business elite in Little Rock retained power in the face of opposition, and identifies the moral failures of business leaders and moderates who sought the appearance of federal compliance rather than actual racial justice, leaving behind a legacy of white flight, poor urban schools, and institutional racism. Probing the conflicts of school desegregation in the mid-century South, Little Rock casts new light on connections between social inequality and the culture wars of modern America. Some images inside the book are unavailable due to digital copyright restrictions.


The Little Rock Crisis

The Little Rock Crisis
Author: Tony Allan Freyer
Publisher: Greenwood
Total Pages: 218
Release: 1984
Genre: Law
ISBN:

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Little Rock Nine

Little Rock Nine
Author: Diane Andrews Henningfeld
Publisher: Greenhaven Publishing LLC
Total Pages: 203
Release: 2014-04-04
Genre: Young Adult Nonfiction
ISBN: 073776368X

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This must-have volume explores the events surrounding the Little Rock Nine crisis. Collected essays provide the historical background, from sources such as the National Park Service and Dwight D. Eisenhower. Controversies are then explored, including whether President Eisenhower acted wisely in sending federal troops to Little Rock. After controversies are explained, reader are then presented with compelling first-hand accounts of the experience, by people who lived through it. Readers hear from notables such as Minnijean Brown Trickey, Thelma Mothershed Wair, and Elizabeth Eckford.


Today the World Is Watching You

Today the World Is Watching You
Author: Kekla Magoon
Publisher: Twenty-First Century Books
Total Pages: 164
Release: 2011-01-01
Genre: Young Adult Nonfiction
ISBN: 0761372741

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On September 4, 1957, nine African American teenagers made their way toward Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. They didn’t make it very far. Armed soldiers of the Arkansas National Guard blocked most of them at the edge of campus. The three students who did make it onto campus faced an angry mob. White citizens spit at them and shouted ugly racial slurs. No black students entered Central that day. And if the angry mob had its way, black children would never attend school with white children. But the U.S. Supreme Court had ruled in 1955 that school segregation—that is, separate schools for black children and white children—was unconstitutional. The Court ordered the nation’s schools to be integrated. Nowhere was that process more hateful and more horrific than in Little Rock. Eventually, the nine students did make it into Central High—under the protection of army soldiers. Once inside Central, they faced a never-ending torrent of abuse from white students. But the nine students persevered. Their courage inspired the growing movement for African American civil rights.


Elizabeth and Hazel

Elizabeth and Hazel
Author: David Margolick
Publisher: Yale University Press
Total Pages: 330
Release: 2011-10-04
Genre: Education
ISBN: 0300178352

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The names Elizabeth Eckford and Hazel Bryan Massery may not be well known, but the image of them from September 1957 surely is: a black high school girl, dressed in white, walking stoically in front of Little Rock Central High School, and a white girl standing directly behind her, face twisted in hate, screaming racial epithets. This famous photograph captures the full anguish of desegregation--in Little Rock and throughout the South--and an epic moment in the civil rights movement.In this gripping book, David Margolick tells the remarkable story of two separate lives unexpectedly braided together. He explores how the haunting picture of Elizabeth and Hazel came to be taken, its significance in the wider world, and why, for the next half-century, neither woman has ever escaped from its long shadow. He recounts Elizabeth's struggle to overcome the trauma of her hate-filled school experience, and Hazel's long efforts to atone for a fateful, horrible mistake. The book follows the painful journey of the two as they progress from apology to forgiveness to reconciliation and, amazingly, to friendship. This friendship foundered, then collapsed--perhaps inevitably--over the same fissures and misunderstandings that continue to permeate American race relations more than half a century after the unforgettable photograph at Little Rock. And yet, as Margolick explains, a bond between Elizabeth and Hazel, silent but complex, endures.


The First Twenty-Five

The First Twenty-Five
Author: LaVerne Bell-Tolliver
Publisher: University of Arkansas Press
Total Pages: 308
Release: 2018-02-01
Genre: Biography & Autobiography
ISBN: 168226047X

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“It was one of those periods that you got through, as opposed to enjoyed. It wasn’t an environment that . . . was nurturing, so you shut it out. You just got through it. You just took it a day at a time. You excelled if you could. You did your best. You felt as though the eyes of the community were on you.”—Glenda Wilson, East Side Junior High Much has been written about the historical desegregation of Little Rock Central High School by nine African American students in 1957. History has been silent, however, about the students who desegregated Little Rock’s five public junior high schools—East Side, Forest Heights, Pulaski Heights, Southwest, and West Side—in 1961 and 1962. The First Twenty-Five gathers the personal stories of these students some fifty years later. They recall what it was like to break down long-standing racial barriers while in their early teens—a developmental stage that often brings emotional vulnerability. In their own words, these individuals share what they saw, heard, and felt as children on the front lines of the civil rights movement, providing insight about this important time in Little Rock, and how these often painful events from their childhoods affected the rest of their lives.


Little Rock Nine

Little Rock Nine
Author: Marshall Poe
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
Total Pages: 130
Release: 2008-07
Genre: Juvenile Nonfiction
ISBN: 1416950664

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Two boys in Little Rock get caught up in the storm of the struggle over public school integration.


Turn Away Thy Son

Turn Away Thy Son
Author: Elizabeth Jacoway
Publisher: University of Arkansas Press
Total Pages: 502
Release: 2008-01-01
Genre: History
ISBN: 9781557288783

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A historical account of the efforts of nine African-American students to integrate Central High School draws on interviews to offer insight into the behind-the-scenes experiences of the students and members of their community.


The Little Rock School Desegregation Crisis in American History

The Little Rock School Desegregation Crisis in American History
Author: Robert Somerlott
Publisher: Enslow Publishing
Total Pages: 136
Release: 2001
Genre: Education
ISBN: 9780766012981

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Examines the key figures and events surrounding the Little Rock, Arkansas, desegregation crisis in 1957, considered to be one of the most controversial battles of the civil rights movement.