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Transfer Pricing and Intra-group Financing

Transfer Pricing and Intra-group Financing
Author: Anuschka Bakker
Publisher: IBFD
Total Pages: 593
Release: 2012
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9087221525

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This book explores transfer pricing issues related to intra-group financing transactions. It is an invaluable resource for tax practitioners, tax lawyers, tax managers, tax directors of corporations, treasurers and tax authorities, in all facets of transfer pricing and intra-group financing.


Transfer Pricing Aspects of Intra-Group Financing

Transfer Pricing Aspects of Intra-Group Financing
Author: Raffaele Petruzzi
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Total Pages: 338
Release: 2013-10-20
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9041167331

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For corporate managers, maximization of the profits and the market value of the firm is a prime objective. The logical working out of this principle in multinational enterprises has led to an intense focus on transfer pricing between related companies, principally on account of the very attractive tax advantages made possible. Inevitably, numerous countries have established transfer pricing legislation designed to combat the distortions and manipulations that are inherent in such transactions. This important book, one of the first in-depth analysis of the current worldwide working of transfer pricing in intra-group financing and its resonance in law, presents the relevant issues related to loans, financial guarantees, and cash pooling; analyses an innovative possible approach to these issues; and describes new methodologies that can be implemented in practice in order to make intra-group financing more compliant with efficient corporate financing decisions and the generally accepted OECD arm’s length principle. Comparing the tax measures implemented in the corporate tax law systems of forty countries, this study investigates such aspects of intra-group financing as the following: – corporate finance theories, studies, and surveys regarding financing decisions; – application of the arm’s length principle to limit the deductibility of interest expenses; – impact of the OECD’s Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) project; – transfer pricing issues related to intra-group financing; – credit risk in corporate finance; – rationales utilized by credit rating agencies; and – the assessment of arm’s length nature of intra-group financing. The author describes ways in which the application of the arm’s length principle can be strengthened and how the related risk of distortion and manipulation can be minimized. The solutions and methodologies proposed are applicable to any business sector. Given that determination of the arm’s length nature of transactions between related companies is one of the most difficult tasks currently faced by taxpayers and tax administrations around the world, this thorough assessment and analysis will prove extraordinarily useful for in-house and advisory practitioners, corporate officers, academics, international organizations, and government officials charged with finding effective responses to the serious issues raised. In addition to its well-researched analysis, the book’s comparative overview of how loans, financial guarantees, and cash pooling are currently addressed by OECD Member States and by their national courts is of great practical value in business decision making.


Applying the Arm's Length Principle to Intra-group Financial Transactions

Applying the Arm's Length Principle to Intra-group Financial Transactions
Author: Robert Danon
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Total Pages: 1053
Release: 2023-08-29
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9403540354

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It is well known that intercompany financing arrangements have become increasingly subject to scrutiny in contexts of applying transfer pricing and anti-tax avoidance-related rules. With contributions by more than 50 leading global transfer pricing and international tax experts from law firms, multinational enterprises, academia, and tax administrations, this book provides unparalleled insights into the application of the Arm’s Length Principle to different types of financial transactions, application of anti-avoidance rules to various intra-group financial arrangements as well as the business value creation process and the dispute management landscape that underlie intra-group financial transactions. With in-depth analysis of the legislation and market developments that fuel the diverse range of financing options available to market participants – and loaded with practical examples and case studies that cover the legal and economic considerations that arise when analysing intra-group finance – the contributors examine such topics and issues as the following: national anti-abuse rules applicable to financial transactions; tax treaty issues; role of credit ratings and impact of implicit support; loans, cash pooling, financial guarantees; transfer pricing aspects of performance guarantees; ‘mezzanine’ financing; considerations for crypto financing; impact of crises situations such as COVID-19; how treasury operations can be structured in a group and the decision-making process involved; how hedges offset or mitigate risks; how to apply the arm’s length principle to factoring and captive insurance transactions; comparability analysis for various transactions; special considerations for transactions carried out by a permanent establishment; EU state aid and its interaction with transfer pricing rules; dispute prevention and resolution tools under the OECD, UN, and EU frameworks; and developing countries’ perspectives, focusing on Brazil, India, and South Africa. Given the challenges facing taxpayers and tax authorities alike, this book will prove an immeasurably valuable reference guide to support tax practitioners, tax administrations, and tax scholars in developing standards and policies in dealing with intra-group financing issues.


TRANSFER PRICING AND INTRA-GROUP FINANCING

TRANSFER PRICING AND INTRA-GROUP FINANCING
Author: Anuschka Bakker
Publisher:
Total Pages: 933
Release: 2021
Genre: Electronic books
ISBN: 9789087227302

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This is the second revised edition of the book published in 2012, and addresses the topic of intra-group financing and transfer pricing.


Transfer Pricing and Financing

Transfer Pricing and Financing
Author: Raffaele Petruzzi
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Total Pages: 261
Release: 2023-03-09
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9403540338

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In recent years, the interpretation and implementation of transfer pricing regulations of intra-group transactions involving financing functions increased exponentially as one of the main priorities of both taxpayers and governments. This topic has also attracted the attention of international organizations since 1972, whereby an extensive guidance has been rendered by the OECD in the Transfer Pricing Guidance on Financial Transactions that became Chapter X of the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines in February 2020. Not long after, the United Nations included these topics in Chapter 9 of its Practical Manual for Developing Countries in 2021. This book’s comprehensive approach to the practical application of transfer pricing rules to specific types of financing transactions ensures an in-depth understanding of the taxation of these transactions between related parties. Chapters contributed by renowned academics and practitioners based also on the work of international organizations elucidate the complex interaction between transfer pricing and the following types of intra-group financial transactions: loans; financial guarantees; cash pooling; hybrid financing; factoring; captive insurance; and asset management. Each contribution contains a balanced mix of theoretical understanding and practical examples, including case studies and references to key case law. Aware that legal certainty in this area remains unachievable despite the relevant work so far of the OECD and the UN, this book aims to alleviate this deficiency with principle-based and practical knowledge on transfer pricing applied to financial transactions. Tax lawyers, in-house tax counsel, tax authorities, international organizations, business communities, advisory firms, and academics will welcome this matchless overview and guide to one of the most important topics in international taxation.


Applying the Arm's Length Principle to Intra-Group Financial Transactions

Applying the Arm's Length Principle to Intra-Group Financial Transactions
Author: Robert Danon
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2023-08-29
Genre:
ISBN: 9789403540238

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It is well known that intercompany financing arrangements have become increasingly subject to scrutiny in contexts of applying transfer pricing and anti-tax avoidance-related rules. With contributions by more than 50 leading global transfer pricing and international tax experts from law firms, multinational enterprises, academia, and tax administrations, this book provides unparalleled insights into the application of the Arm's Length Principle to different types of financial transactions, application of anti-avoidance rules to various intra-group financial arrangements as well as the business value creation process and the dispute management landscape that underlie intra-group financial transactions. With in-depth analysis of the legislation and market developments that fuel the diverse range of financing options available to market participants - and loaded with practical examples and case studies that cover the legal and economic considerations that arise when analysing intra-group finance - the contributors examine such topics and issues as the following: national anti-abuse rules applicable to financial transactions; tax treaty issues; role of credit ratings and impact of implicit support; loans, cash pooling, financial guarantees; transfer pricing aspects of performance guarantees; 'mezzanine' financing; considerations for crypto financing; impact of crises situations such as COVID-19; how treasury operations can be structured in a group and the decision-making process involved; how hedges offset or mitigate risks; how to apply the arm's length principle to factoring and captive insurance transactions; comparability analysis for various transactions; special considerations for transactions carried out by a permanent establishment; EU state aid and its interaction with transfer pricing rules; dispute prevention and resolution tools under the OECD, UN, and EU frameworks; and developing countries' perspectives, focusing on Brazil, India, and South Africa. Given the challenges facing taxpayers and tax authorities alike, this book will prove an immeasurably valuable reference guide to support tax practitioners, tax administrations, and tax scholars in developing standards and policies in dealing with intra-group financing issues.


Transfer Pricing & Intra-group Financing

Transfer Pricing & Intra-group Financing
Author: Antonio Russo
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2014
Genre: Corporations
ISBN:

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This chapter is based on information available up to 7 March 2014. The main changes made to this chapter up to that date are: in July 2013 the Action Plan on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting was published; and, Actions 1 and 2 of the Action Plan on BEPS focus on hybrid instruments and entities.


Transfer Pricing Aspects of Intra-group Loans in Light of the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Action Plan

Transfer Pricing Aspects of Intra-group Loans in Light of the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Action Plan
Author: V. Chand
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2016
Genre:
ISBN:

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This article primarily focuses on transfer pricing aspects of intercompany loans. The analysis takes into consideration the current OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines as well as the revised transfer pricing guidance issued under the OECD/G20's Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) Action Plan. Moreover, the impact of other BEPS-related actions on intercompany loans and their relationship with transfer pricing rules is discussed. Finally, the author concludes by making a suggestion to the OECD to adopt his analysis when providing transfer pricing guidance on intercompany loans.


Fundamentals of Transfer Pricing

Fundamentals of Transfer Pricing
Author: Michael Lang
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Total Pages: 484
Release: 2021-06-18
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9403517247

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Transfer pricing is one of the most relevant and challenging topics in international taxation. Over the last century, nearly every country in the world introduced transfer pricing rules into their domestic legislation. Indeed, it was estimated that profit shifting generated by the improper application of transfer pricing rules has resulted in global tax losses worth USD 500 billion for governments – 20% of all corporate tax revenues. It is thus imperative that all tax professionals thoroughly understand the nature of transfer pricing and how the growing body of applicable rules works in practice. In this crucially significant volume, stakeholders from government, multinational companies, international organisations, advisory groups and academia offer deeply informed perspectives, both general and specific, on the practical application of transfer pricing rules, taking into consideration all the most recent developments. With approximately 160 practical examples and 90 relevant international judicial precedents, the presentation proceeds from general to more specialised topics. Such aspects of the subject as the following are thoroughly analysed: what is transfer pricing and the purpose of transfer pricing rules; the arm’s length principle and its application; the consequences of a transaction not being in accordance with the arm’s length principle; the transfer pricing methods; the mechanisms to avoid and resolve disputes; the transfer pricing documentation; the attribution of profits to permanent establishments; the transfer pricing aspects of specific transactions, such as services, financing, intangibles and business restructurings. The application of transfer pricing legislation is arguably the most difficult task that taxpayers and tax authorities around the world must face. With this authoritative source of practical guidance, government officials, tax lawyers, in-house tax counsel, academics, advisory firms, the business community and other stakeholders worldwide will have all the detail they need to move forward in tackling this thorny aspect of the current tax environment.