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Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment

Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 668
Release: 1994-01-01
Genre: Science
ISBN: 030904894X

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The public depends on competent risk assessment from the federal government and the scientific community to grapple with the threat of pollution. When risk reports turn out to be overblownâ€"or when risks are overlookedâ€"public skepticism abounds. This comprehensive and readable book explores how the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) can improve its risk assessment practices, with a focus on implementation of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. With a wealth of detailed information, pertinent examples, and revealing analysis, the volume explores the "default option" and other basic concepts. It offers two views of EPA operations: The first examines how EPA currently assesses exposure to hazardous air pollutants, evaluates the toxicity of a substance, and characterizes the risk to the public. The second, more holistic, view explores how EPA can improve in several critical areas of risk assessment by focusing on cross-cutting themes and incorporating more scientific judgment. This comprehensive volume will be important to the EPA and other agencies, risk managers, environmental advocates, scientists, faculty, students, and concerned individuals.


Toxic Hazard Assessment of Chemicals

Toxic Hazard Assessment of Chemicals
Author: Mervyn Richardson
Publisher:
Total Pages: 396
Release: 1986
Genre: Medical
ISBN:

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The aim of this book is to provide basic guidance on means of retrieving, validating, and interpreting data in order to make a toxicological hazard assessment upon a chemical. This book gives information and advice for many of those concerned with research, application and legislation relevant to toxic hazards and should materially assist in the formulation of recommendations of acceptable or safe levels of exposure to particular substances.


Toxicological Risk Assessment of Chemicals

Toxicological Risk Assessment of Chemicals
Author: Elsa Nielsen
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 450
Release: 2008-02-21
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1420006940

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Unlike many existing books on toxicology that cover either toxicity of a particular substance or toxicity of chemicals on particular organ systems, Toxicological Risk Assessment of Chemicals: A Practical Guide lays out the principle activities of conducting a toxicological risk assessment, including international approaches and methods for the risk


Risk Management of Chemicals

Risk Management of Chemicals
Author: Mervyn Richardson
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
Total Pages: 418
Release: 1992
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9780851864679

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This book is an authoritative work on the risk management of chemicals and fills an important gap in the market, which is devoid of works on the subject. It reviews the current status of risks entailed in the manufacture, handling, use and disposal of the chemicals on which we all depend and suggests future action for the protection of both the workplace and the natural environment. Risk Management of Chemicals has an international authorship and addresses international issues. It is the sequel to the RSC's publications `Toxic Hazard Assessment of Chemicals' and `Risk Assessment of Chemicals in the Environment' and like those should find an important place as a key reference work. This book is a must for graduates, researchers, regulatory bodies, safety professionals, trade unions, politicians and anyone with an interest in this area.


Toxicology and Risk Assessment

Toxicology and Risk Assessment
Author: Helmut Greim
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 838
Release: 2018-11-05
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1119135915

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Provides a complete understanding of how our bodies respond to toxicants, and the principles used to assess the health risks of specific exposure scenarios Toxicology and Risk Assessment: A Comprehensive Introduction, Second Edition reflects recent advances in science and technology, and provides the scientific background and methodological issues to enable the reader to understand the basic principles in toxicology and to evaluate the health risks of specific exposure scenarios. Completely updated with the latest information, this book offers a concise introduction to the subject. It is divided into five sections: Principles in Toxicology, Organ Toxicology, Methods in Toxicology, Regulatory Toxicology, and Specific Toxicity. The 2nd Edition adds new chapters that cover recent scientific and technological advances and current topics including the endocrine system, alternatives to animal testing, risk assessment and thresholds for carcinogens, European and international regulation, nanomaterials, fuels, fragrances, and agrochemicals. Concentrates on the basic concepts of toxicology and provides sufficient information for the reader to become familiar with them in order to understand the principles and to evaluate the risks at given exposures 30% new chapters cover recent scientific and technological advances including alternatives to animal testing; genotoxic carcinogens; REACH regulations; nanomaterials; fuels; fragrances; PAHs; and agrochemicals Written by a team of international specialists, and edited by two outstanding scientists in the field Fully updated and expanded, Toxicology and Risk Assessment: A Comprehensive Introduction, Second Edition is an essential text for any student or researcher with an interest in toxicology and related risk assessments.


Applications of Toxicogenomic Technologies to Predictive Toxicology and Risk Assessment

Applications of Toxicogenomic Technologies to Predictive Toxicology and Risk Assessment
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 300
Release: 2007-12-19
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0309112982

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The new field of toxicogenomics presents a potentially powerful set of tools to better understand the health effects of exposures to toxicants in the environment. At the request of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the National Research Council assembled a committee to identify the benefits of toxicogenomics, the challenges to achieving them, and potential approaches to overcoming such challenges. The report concludes that realizing the potential of toxicogenomics to improve public health decisions will require a concerted effort to generate data, make use of existing data, and study data in new waysâ€"an effort requiring funding, interagency coordination, and data management strategies.


Risk Assessment and Risk Management for the Chemical Process Industry

Risk Assessment and Risk Management for the Chemical Process Industry
Author: Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 398
Release: 1991-09-03
Genre: Reference
ISBN: 9780471288824

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The tragic incident at Bhopal, India made it clear that safetyreviews for identification and control of accidents involving toxicchemicals must be more systematic. This guide shows how tointegrate hazard identification, risk assessment, consequenceanalysis, and risk mitigation into a formalized program forhandling hazardous chemicals. Most of the 21 contributors aresenior staff members at Stone & Webster EngineeringCorporation. They discuss how to perform and supervise safetystudies for chemical, petrochemical, petroleum refining, and otherfacilities. They discuss all aspects of detection, prevention, andmitigation of risks associated with processing, handling, andproduction of hazardous chemicals. Special attention is given tohazard identification and hazard assessment techniques ranging fromsimple screening checklists to highly structured Hazard andOperability (HAZOP) analysis. You're shown how to calculatepotential consequences of identified hazards, quantify thelikelihood of these events, and combine equipment failure rate dataand human reliability analysis with hazard assessment. You'll alsobenefit from the book's rundowns of how to * apply expert systems and artificial intelligence in riskmanagement * instill safety-oriented operating and maintenanceprocedures * train operators and emergency response personnel * conduct internal and external safety audits * perform chemical dispersion, explosion, and fire analyses * assess health effects from chemical releases * use insurance vehicles to deal with residual risk. Risk Assessment and Risk Management for the Chemical ProcessIndustry is an essential source on minimizing the dangers of toxicincidents and accidents. It is essential reading for safetyengineers, regulatory managers, environmental engineers, and otherprofessionals responsible for safety in chemical plants.


Toxicity Testing

Toxicity Testing
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 397
Release: 1984-02-01
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0309034337

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Prepared at the request of the National Toxicology Program, this landmark report reveals that many chemicals used in pesticides, cosmetics, drugs, food, and commerce have not been sufficiently tested to allow a complete determination of their potential hazards. Given the vast number of chemical substances to which humans are exposed, the authors use a model to show how research priorities for toxicity testing can be set.


Hazard Assessment Of Chemicals

Hazard Assessment Of Chemicals
Author: J. Saxena
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 348
Release: 1993-02-01
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9781560322719

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The majority of chapters in this volume are devoted to various aspects of health risk assessment the evaluation of health hazard associated with human risk exposure to environmental chemicals. Among topics discussed