Topological Defects And The Non Equilibrium Dynamics Of Symmetry Breaking Phase Transitions PDF Download
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| Author | : Yuriy M. Bunkov |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 388 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9401141061 |
Download Topological Defects and the Non-Equilibrium Dynamics of Symmetry Breaking Phase Transitions Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Topological defects formed at symmetry-breaking phase transitions play an important role in many different fields of physics. They appear in many condensed-matter systems at low temperature; examples include vortices in superfluid helium-4, a rich variety of defects in helium-3, quantized mag netic flux tubes in type-II superconductors, and disclination lines and other defects in liquid crystals. In cosmology, unified gauge theories of particle interactions suggest a sequence of phase transitions in the very early uni verse some of which may lead to defect formation. In astrophysics, defects play an important role in the dynamics of neutron stars. In 1997 the European Science Foundation started the scientific network "Topological defects" headed by Tom Kibble. This network has provided us with a unique opportunity of establishing a collaboration between the representatives of these very different branches of modern physics. The NATO-ASI (Advanced Study Institute), held in Les Houches in February 1999 thanks to the support of the Scientific Division of NATO, the European Science Foundation and the CNRS, represents a key event of this ESF network. It brought together participants from widely different fields, with diverse expertise and vocabulary, fostering the exchange of ideas. The lectures given by particle physicists, cosmologists and condensed matter physicists are the result of the fruitful collaborations established since 1997 between groups in several European countries and in the U.S.A.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2014 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Universality of Phase Transition Dynamics Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
In the course of a non-equilibrium continuous phase transition, the dynamics ceases to be adiabatic in the vicinity of the critical point as a result of the critical slowing down (the divergence of the relaxation time in the neighborhood of the critical point). This enforces a local choice of the broken symmetry and can lead to the formation of topological defects. The Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM) was developed to describe the associated nonequilibrium dynamics and to estimate the density of defects as a function of the quench rate through the transition. During recent years, several new experiments investigating formation of defects in phase transitions induced by a quench both in classical and quantum mechanical systems were carried out. At the same time, some established results were called into question. We review and analyze the Kibble-Zurek mechanism focusing in particular on this surge of activity, and suggest possible directions for further progress.
| Author | : Ricardo Puebla |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 203 |
| Release | : 2018-09-17 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3030006530 |
Download Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Aspects of Phase Transitions in Quantum Physics Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
In this book, the equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties of continuous phase transitions are studied in various systems, with a special emphasis on understanding how well-established universal traits at equilibrium may be extended into the dynamic realm, going beyond the paradigmatic Kibble–Zurek mechanism of defect formation. This book reports on the existence of a quantum phase transition in a system comprising just a single spin and a bosonic mode (the quantum Rabi model). Though critical phenomena are inherent to many-body physics, the author demonstrates that this small and ostensibly simple system allows us to explore the rich phenomenology of phase transitions, both in- and out-of-equilibrium. Moreover, the universal traits of this quantum phase transition may be realized in a single trapped-ion experiment, thus avoiding the need to scale up the number of constituents. In this system, the phase transition takes place in a suitable limit of system parameters rather than in the conventional thermodynamic limit – a novel notion that the author and his collaborators have dubbed the finite-component system phase transition. As such, the results gathered in this book will open promising new avenues in our understanding and exploration of quantum critical phenomena.
| Author | : Anne-Christine Davis |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 400 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1461518830 |
Download Formation and Interactions of Topological Defects Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Topological defects have recently become of great interest in condensed matter physics, particle physics and cosmology. They are the unavoidable remnants of many symmetry breaking phase transitions. Topological defects can play an important role in describing the properties of many condensed matter systems (e.g. superfluids and superconduc tors); they can catalyze many unusual effects in particle physics models and they may be responsible for seeding the density perturbations in the early Universe which de velop into galaxies and the large-scale structure of the Universe. Topological defects are also of great interest in mathematics as nontrivial solutions of nonlinear differential equations stabilized by topological effects. The purpose of the Advanced Study Institute "Formation and Interactions of Topo logical Defects" was to bring together students and practitioners in condensed matter physics, particle physics and cosmology, to give a detailed exposition of the role of topo logical defects in these fields; to explore similarities and differences in the approaches; and to provide a common basis for discussion and future collaborative research on common problems.
| Author | : Henryk Arodz |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 407 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9400710291 |
Download Patterns of Symmetry Breaking Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The conceptofspontaneous symmetry breaking plays a fundamental role in contemporary physics. It is essential for the description of degenerate ground states, massless modes, and topological defects. Examples are abundant in condensed matter physics, atomic and particle physics, as well as in astro physics and cosmology. In fact, spontaneous symmetry breaking can be re garded as a cornerstone ofa whole branch ofphysics which intersects the above mentioned traditionally distinct fields. In the year 2000 the European Science Foundation (ESF) started the Pro gramme "Cosmology in the Laboratory" (COSLAB), with the goal to search for and to develop analogies betweencondensed matterphysics, particle physics, and cosmology. Not surprisingly, spontaneous symmetry breaking is among the most useful notions in that endeavour. It has been decided that in the sec ond year of the Programme a School should be held in order to work out and deliver to a wide audience of students synthetic overviews of achievements and of current research topics of COSLAB. This idea has been supported by the Scientific and Environmental Affairs Division of NATO by including the School in the renowned series of its Advanced Study Institutes. The School, entitled" Patterns of Symmetry Breaking", was held in Cracow during 16-28 September 2002. It gathered 17 lecturers and about 60 students. The present volume contains notes ofmost of the lectures from that School. We hope that of the physics of spon it will convey to the reader the breadth and the beauty taneous symmetry breaking.
| Author | : Gregory James Stephens |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 314 |
| Release | : 2000 |
| Genre | : Black holes (Astronomy) |
| ISBN | : |
Download On the Dynamics of Phase Transitions and the Nonequilibrium Formation of Topological Defects Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
| Author | : Esteban A. Calzetta |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 553 |
| Release | : 2023-01-31 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1009289985 |
Download Nonequilibrium Quantum Field Theory Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This 2008 book, reissued as OA, captures the essence of nonequilibrium quantum field theory, graduate students and researchers.
| Author | : Gianfranco Minati |
| Publisher | : World Scientific |
| Total Pages | : 725 |
| Release | : 2012 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : 9814383333 |
Download Methods, Models, Simulations and Approaches Towards a General Theory of Change Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Other approaches are based on considering (1) periodic changes in structure as for processes of self-organisation; (2) non-periodic but coherent changes in structure, as for processes of emergence; (3) the quantum level of description. Papers in the book study the problem considering its transdisciplinary nature, i.e., systemic properties studied per se and not within specific disciplinary contexts. The aim of these studies is to outline a transdisciplinary theory of change in systemic properties. Such a theory should have simultaneous, corresponding and eventually hierarchical disciplinary aspects as expected for a general theory of emergence.
| Author | : Malte Henkel |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 385 |
| Release | : 2008-11-27 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1402087659 |
Download Non-Equilibrium Phase Transitions Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This book describes two main classes of non-equilibrium phase-transitions: static and dynamics of transitions into an absorbing state, and dynamical scaling in far-from-equilibrium relaxation behavior and ageing.
| Author | : Héctor J. De Vega |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 589 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 940100997X |
Download Phase Transitions in the Early Universe: Theory and Observations Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
A fundamental, profound review of the key issues relating to the early universe and the physical processes that occurred in it. The interplay between cosmic microwave background radiation, large scale structure, and the dark matter problem are stressed, with a central focus on the crucial issue of the phase transitions in the early universe and their observable consequences: baryon symmetry, baryogenesis and cosmological fluctuations. There is an interplay between cosmology, statistical physics and particle physics in studying these problems, both at the theoretical and the experimental / observational levels. Special contributions are devoted to primordial and astrophysical black holes and to high energy cosmic rays and neutrino astrophysics. There is also a special section devoted to the International Space Station and its scientific utilization.
