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Higher Order QCD Corrections to Single Top Quark Production

Higher Order QCD Corrections to Single Top Quark Production
Author: Mohammad Assadsolimani
Publisher: disserta Verlag
Total Pages: 161
Release: 2014-08
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3954256746

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It is known that the LHC has a considerable discovery potential because of its large centre-of-mass energy (vs =14 TeV) and the high design luminosity. In addition, the two experiments ATLAS and CMS perform precision measurements for numerous models in physics. The increasing experimental precision demands an even higher level of accuracy on the theoretical side. For a more precise prediction of outcomes, one has to consider the corrections obtained typically from Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). The calculation of these corrections in the high energy regime is described by perturbation theory. In the present study, multi-loop calculations in QCD, including in particular two-loop corrections for single top quark production, are considered. There are several phenomenological motivations to study single top quark production: Firstly, the process is sensitive to the electroweak Wtb-vertex; moreover, non-standard couplings can hint at physics beyond the Standard Model. Secondly, the t-channel cross section measurement provides information on the b-quark Parton Distribution Functions (PDF). Finally, single top quark production enables us to directly measure the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa(CKM) matrix element Vtb. The next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) calculation of the single top quark production has many building blocks. In this study, two blocks will be presented: one-loop corrections squared and two-loop corrections interfered with Born. Initially, the one-loop squared contribution at NNLO for single top quark production will be calculated. Before we begin with the calculation of the two-loop corrections to single top quark production, we calculate the QCD form factors of heavy quarks at NNLO, along with the axial vector coupling as a first independent check. A comparison with the relevant literature suggests that this approach is in line with generally accepted procedure. This consistency check provides a proof of the validity of our setup. In the next step, the two-loop corrections to single top quark production will be calculated. After reducing all occurring tensor integrals to scalar integrals, we apply the integration by parts method (IBP) to find the master integrals. This step is a major challenge compared to all similar calculations because of the number of variables in the problem (two Mandelstam variables s and t, the dimension d and the mass of the top quark mt as well as the mass of the W boson mw). Finally, the calculation of the three kinds of topologies – vertex corrections, double boxes and non-planar double boxes – in the two-loop contribution at NNLO calculation will be presented.


Top Quark Pair Production

Top Quark Pair Production
Author: Anna Christine Henrichs
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 231
Release: 2013-10-04
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3319014870

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Before any kind of new physics discovery could be made at the LHC, a precise understanding and measurement of the Standard Model of particle physics' processes was necessary. The book provides an introduction to top quark production in the context of the Standard Model and presents two such precise measurements of the production of top quark pairs in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV that were observed with the ATLAS Experiment at the LHC. The presented measurements focus on events with one charged lepton, missing transverse energy and jets. Using novel and advanced analysis techniques as well as a good understanding of the detector, they constitute the most precise measurements of the quantity at that time.


Discovery of Single Top Quark Production

Discovery of Single Top Quark Production
Author: Dag Gillberg
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 149
Release: 2011-01-22
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1441977996

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The top quark is by far the heaviest known fundamental particle with a mass nearing that of a gold atom. Because of this strikingly high mass, the top quark has several unique properties and might play an important role in electroweak symmetry breaking—the mechanism that gives all elementary particles mass. Creating top quarks requires access to very high energy collisions, and at present only the Tevatron collider at Fermilab is capable of reaching these energies. Until now, top quarks have only been observed produced in pairs via the strong interaction. At hadron colliders, it should also be possible to produce single top quarks via the electroweak interaction. Studies of single top quark production provide opportunities to measure the top quark spin, how top quarks mix with other quarks, and to look for new physics beyond the standard model. Because of these interesting properties, scientists have been looking for single top quarks for more than 15 years. This thesis presents the first discovery of single top quark production. It documents one of the flagship measurements of the D0 experiment, a collaboration of more than 600 physicists from around the world. It describes first observation of a physical process known as “single top quark production”, which had been sought for more than 10 years before its eventual discovery in 2009. Further, his thesis describes, in detail, the innovative approach Dr. Gillberg took to this analysis. Through the use of Boosted Decision Trees, a machine-learning technique, he observed the tiny single top signal within an otherwise overwhelming background. This Doctoral Thesis has been accepted by Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.


Top-Quark Pair Production Cross Sections and Calibration of the Top-Quark Monte-Carlo Mass

Top-Quark Pair Production Cross Sections and Calibration of the Top-Quark Monte-Carlo Mass
Author: Jan Kieseler
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 172
Release: 2016-06-15
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3319400053

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This thesis presents the first experimental calibration of the top-quark Monte-Carlo mass. It also provides the top-quark mass-independent and most precise top-quark pair production cross-section measurement to date. The most precise measurements of the top-quark mass obtain the top-quark mass parameter (Monte-Carlo mass) used in simulations, which are partially based on heuristic models. Its interpretation in terms of mass parameters used in theoretical calculations, e.g. a running or a pole mass, has been a long-standing open problem with far-reaching implications beyond particle physics, even affecting conclusions on the stability of the vacuum state of our universe. In this thesis, this problem is solved experimentally in three steps using data obtained with the compact muon solenoid (CMS) detector. The most precise top-quark pair production cross-section measurements to date are performed. The Monte-Carlo mass is determined and a new method for extracting the top-quark mass from theoretical calculations is presented. Lastly, the top-quark production cross-sections are obtained – for the first time – without residual dependence on the top-quark mass, are interpreted using theoretical calculations to determine the top-quark running- and pole mass with unprecedented precision, and are fully consistently compared with the simultaneously obtained top-quark Monte-Carlo mass.


Production of Top 12 Biochemicals Selected by USDOE from Renewable Resources

Production of Top 12 Biochemicals Selected by USDOE from Renewable Resources
Author: Anuj K. Chandel
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 476
Release: 2021-10-13
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 012823654X

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Production of Top 12 Biochemicals Selected by USDOE from Renewable Resources: Status and Innovation covers all important technological aspects of the production of biochemicals from renewable feedstock. All the important technological aspects of biomass conversion for example biomass pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis for cellulosic sugars production followed by the fermentation into chemicals and downstream recovery of the products is reviewed. Recent technological advancements in suitable microorganism development, bioprocess engineering for biomass conversion for cellulosic sugars production and various fermentation strategies and downstream recovery of these top 12 products is presented. Each bio-chemical selected by US Department of Energy i.e. ethanol, xylitol/sorbitol, furans (5-HMF, 2,5-FDCA,), glycerol & its derivatives, hydrocarbons) isoprene, iso-butadienes and others), lactic acid, succinic acid, 3-hydroxy propionic acid, levulinic acid and biohydrogen/biogas is included in a single book chapter. In addition to the technical aspects of these 12 biochemicals, general technological challenges dealing with lignocellulose refining, perspectives and solutions are elaborated in the book. Also, life cycle analysis, techno-economic viability, and sustainability index of biofuels/biochemicals are comprehensively reviewed in the book. covers uniquely designed scientific and technical literature on USDOE top listed biochemicals production with clear images and tables in the context of biomass valorisation Includes the clear and simplistic illustration of technological updates on biomass processing, system biology, microbial fermentation, catalysis, regeneration and monitoring of renewable energy and chemicals production Presents fast and reliable source of information on techno-economic analysis, life cycle analysis, technological scouting at industrial scale Entails fundamental aspects, recent developments in production of renewable chemicals as building block materials for commodity chemicals production


Looking Inside Jets

Looking Inside Jets
Author: Simone Marzani
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 205
Release: 2019-05-11
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3030157091

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This concise primer reviews the latest developments in the field of jets. Jets are collinear sprays of hadrons produced in very high-energy collisions, e.g. at the LHC or at a future hadron collider. They are essential to and ubiquitous in experimental analyses, making their study crucial. At present LHC energies and beyond, massive particles around the electroweak scale are frequently produced with transverse momenta that are much larger than their mass, i.e., boosted. The decay products of such boosted massive objects tend to occupy only a relatively small and confined area of the detector and are observed as a single jet. Jets hence arise from many different sources and it is important to be able to distinguish the rare events with boosted resonances from the large backgrounds originating from Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). This requires familiarity with the internal properties of jets, such as their different radiation patterns, a field broadly known as jet substructure. This set of notes begins by providing a phenomenological motivation, explaining why the study of jets and their substructure is of particular importance for the current and future program of the LHC, followed by a brief but insightful introduction to QCD and to hadron-collider phenomenology. The next section introduces jets as complex objects constructed from a sequential recombination algorithm. In this context some experimental aspects are also reviewed. Since jet substructure calculations are multi-scale problems that call for all-order treatments (resummations), the bases of such calculations are discussed for simple jet quantities. With these QCD and jet physics ingredients in hand, readers can then dig into jet substructure itself. Accordingly, these notes first highlight the main concepts behind substructure techniques and introduce a list of the main jet substructure tools that have been used over the past decade. Analytic calculations are then provided for several families of tools, the goal being to identify their key characteristics. In closing, the book provides an overview of LHC searches and measurements where jet substructure techniques are used, reviews the main take-home messages, and outlines future perspectives.


Studies of Top Quark Production at

Studies of Top Quark Production at
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 4
Release: 2011
Genre:
ISBN:

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I present recent results on top quark production in pp collisions at a center of mass energy of 1.96 TeV. The studies were performed by the D0 collaboration using approximately 5 fb−1 of data taken during Run II at the Fermilab Tevatron accelerator. The top quark is the heaviest known elementary particle and completes the quark sector of the three-generation structure of the standard model (SM). It differs from the other quarks not only by its much larger mass, but also by its lifetime which is too short to build hadronic bound states. The SM predicts that top quarks are created via two independent production mechanisms at hadron colliders. The primary mode, in which a t{bar t} pair is produced from a gtt vertex via the strong interaction, was used by the D0 and CDF collaborations to establish the existence of the top quark in 1995. The second production mode of top quarks at hadron colliders is the electroweak production of a single top quark from a Wtb vertex. The predicted cross section for single top quark production is about half that of t{bar t} pairs but the signal-to-background ratio is much worse; observation of single top quark production has therefore until recently been impeded by its low rate and difficult background environment compared to the top pair production. In the following sections I will present results for the measurement of the t{bar t} pair and the single top quark production cross section using respectively 5.3 fb−1 and 5.4 fb−1 of data taken by the D0 experiment.


QCD and Collider Physics

QCD and Collider Physics
Author: R. K. Ellis
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 462
Release: 2003-12-04
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9780521545891

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A detailed overview of the physics of high-energy colliders emphasising the role of QCD.


Site Reliability Engineering

Site Reliability Engineering
Author: Niall Richard Murphy
Publisher: "O'Reilly Media, Inc."
Total Pages: 552
Release: 2016-03-23
Genre:
ISBN: 1491951176

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The overwhelming majority of a software system’s lifespan is spent in use, not in design or implementation. So, why does conventional wisdom insist that software engineers focus primarily on the design and development of large-scale computing systems? In this collection of essays and articles, key members of Google’s Site Reliability Team explain how and why their commitment to the entire lifecycle has enabled the company to successfully build, deploy, monitor, and maintain some of the largest software systems in the world. You’ll learn the principles and practices that enable Google engineers to make systems more scalable, reliable, and efficient—lessons directly applicable to your organization. This book is divided into four sections: Introduction—Learn what site reliability engineering is and why it differs from conventional IT industry practices Principles—Examine the patterns, behaviors, and areas of concern that influence the work of a site reliability engineer (SRE) Practices—Understand the theory and practice of an SRE’s day-to-day work: building and operating large distributed computing systems Management—Explore Google's best practices for training, communication, and meetings that your organization can use


Heavy Quark Physics

Heavy Quark Physics
Author: Aneesh V. Manohar
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 205
Release: 2023-07-31
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1009402145

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