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Tools for Connectomics in C. Elegans

Tools for Connectomics in C. Elegans
Author: Nicholas Craig Barry
Publisher:
Total Pages: 46
Release: 2018
Genre:
ISBN:

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Efforts to model computation in biological neural networks require knowledge of the structure of the network, the dynamics that play across it, and a network simple enough to be tractable to our incipient analyses. The simplicity of the 302-node nervous system of the nematode C. elegans and its transparency have made it an attractive model organism in neuroscience for several decades. Indeed, Caenorhabditis elegans has long been touted as the only species for which the connectome is known, reconstructed by hand from electron micrographs. However, while the number and identity of neurons in C. elegans appears fixed across animals, the variability in the connections between them has not been sufficiently characterized by the above efforts, which examined only a handful of animals and required many years of human labor. Such a characterization, and, moreover, an ability to accurately assess shifts in these neural graphs on timescales compatible with the pace and statistical rigor of scientific research would significantly accelerate efforts to understand neural computation. This thesis lays the groundwork for the development of such a framework. The expansion microscopy tissue preparation platform provided the basis for the set of experiments described within, in which strategies for molecular annotation of C. elegans and the subsequent protocols for readout are examined.


Micro-, Meso- and Macro-Connectomics of the Brain

Micro-, Meso- and Macro-Connectomics of the Brain
Author: Henry Kennedy
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 173
Release: 2016-03-10
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 3319277774

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This book has brought together leading investigators who work in the new arena of brain connectomics. This includes ‘macro-connectome’ efforts to comprehensively chart long-distance pathways and functional networks; ‘micro-connectome’ efforts to identify every neuron, axon, dendrite, synapse, and glial process within restricted brain regions; and ‘meso-connectome’ efforts to systematically map both local and long-distance connections using anatomical tracers. This book highlights cutting-edge methods that can accelerate progress in elucidating static ‘hard-wired’ circuits of the brain as well as dynamic interactions that are vital for brain function. The power of connectomic approaches in characterizing abnormal circuits in the many brain disorders that afflict humankind is considered. Experts in computational neuroscience and network theory provide perspectives needed for synthesizing across different scales in space and time. Altogether, this book provides an integrated view of the challenges and opportunities in deciphering brain circuits in health and disease.


The Oxford Handbook of Invertebrate Neurobiology

The Oxford Handbook of Invertebrate Neurobiology
Author: John H. Byrne
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 608
Release: 2019-01-29
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0190456787

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Invertebrates have proven to be extremely useful model systems for gaining insights into the neural and molecular mechanisms of sensory processing, motor control and higher functions such as feeding behavior, learning and memory, navigation, and social behavior. A major factor in their enormous contributions to neuroscience is the relative simplicity of invertebrate nervous systems. In addition, some invertebrates, primarily the molluscs, have large cells, which allow analyses to take place at the level of individually identified neurons. Individual neurons can be surgically removed and assayed for expression of membrane channels, levels of second messengers, protein phosphorylation, and RNA and protein synthesis. Moreover, peptides and nucleotides can be injected into individual neurons. Other invertebrate model systems such as Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans offer tremendous advantages for obtaining insights into the neuronal bases of behavior through the application of genetic approaches. The Oxford Handbook of Invertebrate Neurobiology reviews the many neurobiological principles that have emerged from invertebrate analyses, such as motor pattern generation, mechanisms of synaptic transmission, and learning and memory. It also covers general features of the neurobiology of invertebrate circadian rhythms, development, and regeneration and reproduction. Some neurobiological phenomena are species-specific and diverse, especially in the domain of the neuronal control of locomotion and camouflage. Thus, separate chapters are provided on the control of swimming in annelids, crustaea and molluscs, locomotion in hexapods, and camouflage in cephalopods. Unique features of the handbook include chapters that review social behavior and intentionality in invertebrates. A chapter is devoted to summarizing past contributions of invertebrates to the understanding of nervous systems and identifying areas for future studies that will continue to advance that understanding.


Connectomic Deep Brain Stimulation

Connectomic Deep Brain Stimulation
Author: Andreas Horn
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 602
Release: 2021-09-10
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0128218622

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Connectomic Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) covers this highly efficacious treatment option for movement disorders such as Parkinson’s Disease, Essential Tremor and Dystonia. The book examines its impact on distributed brain networks that span across the human brain in parallel with modern-day neuroimaging concepts and the connectomics of the brain. It asks several questions, including which cortical areas should DBS electrodes be connected in order to generate the highest possible clinical improvement? Which connections should be avoided? Could these connectomic insights be used to better understand the mechanism of action of DBS? How can they be transferred to individual patients, and more. This book is suitable for neuroscientists, neurologists and functional surgeons studying DBS. It provides practical advice on processing strategies and theoretical background, highlighting and reviewing the current state-of-the-art in connectomic surgery. Written to provide a "hands-on" approach for neuroscience graduate students, as well as medical personnel from the fields of neurology and neurosurgery Includes preprocessing strategies (such as co-registration, normalization, lead localization, VTA estimation and fiber-tracking approaches) Presents references (key articles, books and protocols) for additional detailed study Provides data analysis boxes in each chapter to help with data interpretation


Connectome

Connectome
Author: Sebastian Seung
Publisher: HMH
Total Pages: 389
Release: 2012-02-07
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0547508174

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“Accessible, witty . . . an important new researcher, philosopher and popularizer of brain science . . . on par with cosmology’s Brian Greene and the late Carl Sagan” (The Plain Dealer). One of the Wall Street Journal’s 10 Best Nonfiction Books of the Year and a Publishers Weekly “Top Ten in Science” Title Every person is unique, but science has struggled to pinpoint where, precisely, that uniqueness resides. Our genome may determine our eye color and even aspects of our character. But our friendships, failures, and passions also shape who we are. The question is: How? Sebastian Seung is at the forefront of a revolution in neuroscience. He believes that our identity lies not in our genes, but in the connections between our brain cells—our particular wiring. Seung and a dedicated group of researchers are leading the effort to map these connections, neuron by neuron, synapse by synapse. It’s a monumental effort, but if they succeed, they will uncover the basis of personality, identity, intelligence, memory, and perhaps disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. Connectome is a mind-bending adventure story offering a daring scientific and technological vision for understanding what makes us who we are, as individuals and as a species. “This is complicated stuff, and it is a testament to Dr. Seung’s remarkable clarity of exposition that the reader is swept along with his enthusiasm, as he moves from the basics of neuroscience out to the farthest regions of the hypothetical, sketching out a spectacularly illustrated giant map of the universe of man.” —TheNew York Times “An elegant primer on what’s known about how the brain is organized and how it grows, wires its neurons, perceives its environment, modifies or repairs itself, and stores information. Seung is a clear, lively writer who chooses vivid examples.” —TheWashington Post


Fundamentals of Brain Network Analysis

Fundamentals of Brain Network Analysis
Author: Alex Fornito
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 496
Release: 2016-03-04
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0124081185

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Fundamentals of Brain Network Analysis is a comprehensive and accessible introduction to methods for unraveling the extraordinary complexity of neuronal connectivity. From the perspective of graph theory and network science, this book introduces, motivates and explains techniques for modeling brain networks as graphs of nodes connected by edges, and covers a diverse array of measures for quantifying their topological and spatial organization. It builds intuition for key concepts and methods by illustrating how they can be practically applied in diverse areas of neuroscience, ranging from the analysis of synaptic networks in the nematode worm to the characterization of large-scale human brain networks constructed with magnetic resonance imaging. This text is ideally suited to neuroscientists wanting to develop expertise in the rapidly developing field of neural connectomics, and to physical and computational scientists wanting to understand how these quantitative methods can be used to understand brain organization. Winner of the 2017 PROSE Award in Biomedicine & Neuroscience and the 2017 British Medical Association (BMA) Award in Neurology Extensively illustrated throughout by graphical representations of key mathematical concepts and their practical applications to analyses of nervous systems Comprehensively covers graph theoretical analyses of structural and functional brain networks, from microscopic to macroscopic scales, using examples based on a wide variety of experimental methods in neuroscience Designed to inform and empower scientists at all levels of experience, and from any specialist background, wanting to use modern methods of network science to understand the organization of the brain


The Neural Basis of Behavior

The Neural Basis of Behavior
Author: A.L. Beckman
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 332
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9401163022

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The Symposium on the Neural Basis of Behavior, from which this volume was produced, was held at the Alfred I. duPont Institute on June 7 and 8, 1979. It brought outstanding investigators in four fundamental areas of behavioral neurobiology into juxtaposition, there to provide an integrated, multidisciplinary perspective on behaviorally significant brain mechanisms. Particular emphasis was placed on topics of interest to neurobiologists as well as to clinicians in neurological and psychiatric disciplines. The session on central activity states was selected as an appropriate point of departure because the continuum of brain activity states extending from the natural depression of hibernation through the heightened levels of arousal accom panying learning is such a clear and basic determinant of behavioral output. The papers on learning and memory outlined diverse approaches to un derstanding the basis of these interrelat~d CNS capabilities that constitute the neural basis of behavioral adaptation. Finally, the topics of affective states and mechanisms of pain provided a focus of clinically relevant discus sion covering multiple levels of functional and anatomical CNS organiza tion. The success of the symposium bore testimony to the excellence of the presentations and to the symbiosis of their content; both are preserved herein. The support and encouragement of Dr. G. Dean MacEwen, Medical Director of the Alfred I. duPont Institute, is gratefully acknowl edged. Alexander L. Beckman Wilmington, July 1979 The Neural Basis of Behavior PART I Central Activity States Copyright © 1982, Spectrum Publications, Inc.


Neuroscience Databases

Neuroscience Databases
Author: Rolf Kötter
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 317
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1461510791

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Neuroscience Databases: A Practical Guide is the first book providing a comprehensive overview of these increasingly important databases. This volume makes the results of the Human Genome Project and other recent large-scale initiatives in the neurosciences available to a wider community. It extends the scope of bioinformatics from the molecular to the cellular, microcircuitry and systems levels, dealing for the first time with complex neuroscientific issues and leading the way to a new culture of data sharing and data mining necessary to successfully tackle neuroscience questions. Aimed at the novice user who wants to access the data, it provides clear and concise instructions on how to download the available data sets and how to use the software with a minimum of technical detail with most chapters written by the database creators themselves.


Handbook of Brain Microcircuits

Handbook of Brain Microcircuits
Author: Gordon M. Shepherd
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 625
Release: 2018
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0190636114

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In order to focus on principles, each chapter in this work is brief, organized around 1-3 wiring diagrams of the key circuits, with several pages of text that distil the functional significance of each microcircuit