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These Were the Hessians

These Were the Hessians
Author: Bruce E. Burgoyne
Publisher:
Total Pages: 252
Release: 2012-12-01
Genre: History
ISBN: 9780788441936

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The ultimate outcome of the American Revolutionary War was foreordained when England turned to the European continent to obtain soldiers. Rulers of six small German states (Hesse-Cassel, Hesse-Hanau, Brunswick, Waldeck, Ansbach-Bayreuth and Anhalt-Zerbst) signed treaties with England whereby troop units were placed in English service. These Hessians represented one-third of all combatants serving the Crown during the American Revolutionary War. They were good soldiers; however, they may have been one of the primary reasons that England lost her American colonies. They came as enemies, but many became compatriots and fellow-fighters for freedom and the independence of the United States. This detailed account of the Hessian's contribution to this nation's growth includes the Waldeck Articles of War, 1775 (both the German and English versions); and examines the role of women with the Hessian units. Seven color plates and a bibliography enhance the text. The author has researched the role of the Hessians in the American Revolutionary War for more than fifty years; published thirty books, primarily based on his translations of Hessian documents; and lectured on Hessians. He is a recipient of the Benjamin Franklin Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Revolution Roundtable of Philadelphia and the Gold Good Citizen Medal from the National Society of the Sons of the American Revolution.


Hessians

Hessians
Author: Friederike Baer
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 529
Release: 2022
Genre: History
ISBN: 0190249633

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Between 1776 and 1783, Britain hired an estimated 30,000 German soldiers to fight in its war against the Americans. Collectively known as Hessians, they actually came from six German territories within the Holy Roman Empire. Over the course of the war, members of the German corps, including women and children, spent extended periods of time in locations as dispersed and varied as Canada in the North to West Florida and Cuba in the South. They shared in every significant British military triumph and defeat. Thousands died of disease, were killed in battle, were captured by the enemy, or deserted. Collectively, they recorded their experiences and observations of the war they fought in, the land they traversed, and the people they encountered in a large body of letters, diaries, and similar private and official records. Friederike Baer presents a study of Britain's war against the American rebels from the perspective of the German soldiers, a people uniquely positioned both in the midst of the war and at its margins. The book offers a ground-breaking reimagining of this watershed event in world history.


A Hessian Diary of the American Revolution

A Hessian Diary of the American Revolution
Author: Johann Conrad Döhla
Publisher: University of Oklahoma Press
Total Pages: 306
Release: 1993
Genre: History
ISBN: 9780806125305

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This unique diary, written by one of the thirty thousand Hessian troops whose services were sold to George III to suppress the American Revolution, is the most complete and informative primary account of the Revolution from the common soldier's point of view. Johann Conrad Döhla describes not just military activities but also events leading up to the Revolution, American customs, the cities and regions that he visited, and incidents in other parts of the world that affected the war. He also evaluates the important military commanders, giving readers an insight into how the enlisted men felt about their leaders and opponents. Private Döhla crossed the Atlantic Ocean in 1777 as a private in the Ansbach-Bayreuth contingent of Hessian mercenaries. His American sojourn began in June 1777 in New York. Then, after several months on Staten Island and Manhatten, the Ansbach-Bayreuth regiments traveled to the thriving seaport of Newport, Rhode Island, where they spent more than a year before the British forces evacuated the area. The Ansbach-Bayreuth regiments returned briefly to the New York New Jersey area before they were sent to reinforce the English command in Virginia. Eventually Döhla participated in the battle of Yorktown—of which he provides a vivid description—before enduring two years as a prisoner of war after Cornwallis's surrender. Bruce E. Burgoyne has provided an accurate translation, helpful notes for scholars and general readers, and an introduction on the Ansbach-Bayreuth regiments and the history of Johann Conrad Döhla and his diary. This first edition of the diary in English will delight all who are interested in the American Revolution and the thirteen original colonies.


The Hessians

The Hessians
Author: Rodney Atwood
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 314
Release: 2002-08-15
Genre: History
ISBN: 9780521526371

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A study of the German auxiliaries who fought with the British against the American colonists.


German Troops in the American Revolution (1)

German Troops in the American Revolution (1)
Author: Donald M. Londahl-Smidt
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Total Pages: 50
Release: 2021-02-18
Genre: History
ISBN: 147284016X

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During the American Revolution (1775–83), German auxiliary troops provided a vital element of the British war effort. Some 30,000 German troops served in North America, continuing a long-established relationship between Britain and various German principalities. These troops were widely referred to as mercenaries, implying that they sold their services individually, but they were in fact regular troops hired as a body by the British. Initially feared by the American population, the German troops came to be highly respected by their opponents. Their role in the fighting would inform the tactics and methods of a generation of German officers who returned to Europe after the war, many of whom went on to hold senior commands during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars. The largest body of German troops was from Hessen-Cassel. The only German contingent to be employed as a unit under its own general officers, they were clothed and equipped in the style of Frederick the Great's Prussians and were trained in much the same way. Many had seen active service during the Seven Years' War (1756–63) and served under career officers; they were well-disciplined and competent but showed little overt enthusiasm for the British cause. The troops of Hessen-Cassel would participate in every major campaign of the conflict, with the specialized skills of the famous Jäger being particularly in demand. Fully illustrated, this lively study examines the organization, appearance, weapons, and equipment of the Hessen-Cassel troops who fought for King George in the American Revolution.


A Generous and Merciful Enemy

A Generous and Merciful Enemy
Author: Daniel Krebs
Publisher: University of Oklahoma Press
Total Pages: 479
Release: 2013-04-30
Genre: History
ISBN: 0806189053

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Some 37,000 soldiers from six German principalities, collectively remembered as Hessians, entered service as British auxiliaries in the American War of Independence. At times, they constituted a third of the British army in North America, and thousands of them were imprisoned by the Americans. Despite the importance of Germans in the British war effort, historians have largely overlooked these men. Drawing on research in German military records and common soldiers’ letters and diaries, Daniel Krebs places the prisoners on center stage in A Generous and Merciful Enemy, portraying them as individuals rather than simply as numbers in casualty lists. Setting his account in the context of British and European politics and warfare, Krebs explains the motivations of the German states that provided contract soldiers for the British army. We think of the Hessians as mercenaries, but, as he shows, many were conscripts. Some were new recruits; others, veterans. Some wanted to stay in the New World after the war. Krebs further describes how the Germans were made prisoners, either through capture or surrender, and brings to life their experiences in captivity from New England to Havana, Cuba. Krebs discusses prison conditions in detail, addressing both the American approach to war prisoners and the prisoners’ responses to their experience. He assesses American efforts as a “generous and merciful enemy” to use the prisoners as economic, military, and propagandistic assets. In the process, he never loses sight of the impact of imprisonment on the POWs themselves. Adding new dimensions to an important but often neglected topic in military history, Krebs probes the origins of the modern treatment of POWs. An epilogue describes an almost-forgotten 1785 treaty between the United States and Prussia, the first in western legal history to regulate the treatment of prisoners of war.


The Hessians

The Hessians
Author: Rodney Atwood
Publisher: Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 292
Release: 1980
Genre: History
ISBN: 9780521228848

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A study of the German auxiliaries who fought with the British against the American colonists.


Hessians

Hessians
Author: Brady Crytzer
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2015
Genre: History
ISBN: 9781594162244

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Three Stories. Two Worlds. One Revolution. Revealing the German Experience in the American Revolution through the Experiences of an Officer, a Baroness, and a Chaplain In 1775 the British Empire was in crisis. While it was buried in debt from years of combat against the French, revolution was stirring in its wealthiest North American colonies. To allow the rebellion to fester would cost the British dearly, but to confront it would press their exhausted armed forces to a breaking point. Faced with a nearly impossible decision, the administrators of the world's largest empire elected to employ the armies of the Holy Roman Empire to suppress the sedition of the American revolutionaries. By 1776 there would be 18,000 German soldiers marching through the wilds of North America, and by war's end there would be over 30,000. To the colonists these forces were "mercenaries," and to the Germans the Americans were "rebels. "While soldiers of fortune fight for mere profit, the soldiers of the Holy Roman Empire went to war in the name of their country, and were paid little for their services, while their respective kings made fortunes off of their blood and sacrifice among the British ranks. Labeled erroneously as "Hessians," the armies of the Holy Roman Empire came from six separate German states, each struggling to retain relevance in a newly enlightened and ever-changing world. In Hessians: Mercenaries, Rebels, and the War for British North America historian Brady J. Crytzer explores the German experience during the American Revolution through the lives of three individuals from vastly different walks of life, all thrust into the maelstrom of North American combat. Here are the stories of a dedicated career soldier, Johann Ewald, captain of a Field-Jäger Corps, who fought from New York to the final battles along the Potomac; Frederika Charlotte Louise von Massow, Baroness von Riedesel, who raced with her young children through the Canadian wilderness to reunite with her long-distant husband; and middle-aged chaplain Philipp Waldeck, who struggled to make sense of it all while accompanying his unit through the exotic yet brutal conditions of the Caribbean and British Florida. Beautifully written, Hessians offers a glimpse into the American Revolution as seen through the eyes of the German armies commanded to destroy it.


The Hessians

The Hessians
Author: Edward J Lowell
Publisher: Townsends
Total Pages: 442
Release: 2018-01-05
Genre:
ISBN: 9780999762011

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This volume contains three historical works all dealing with the Hessian Army's auxiliary role under Great Britain in the American War for Independence. The Voyage of The First Hessian Army is a harrowing firsthand account of what life was like for 12,000 soldiers (over 7,000 of whom were Hessian) aboard a fleet of 100 transport vessels sailing from Portsmouth, England to New York in 1776. Popp's Journal 1777 - 1793 is a rare and important account of the American Revolution from the personal diary of Stephen Popp, a Hessian soldier signed to the Second Company of the Bayreuth Regiment, led by Captain/Major von Beust. The Hessians and Other German Auxiliaries of Great Britain in the Revolutionary War by Edward J. Lowell presents a thorough examination of the German military involvement in the American War for Independence as well as the political environment and events surrounding it. We are pleased to bring all three of these important works together under one cover.


The Hessians and the Other German Auxiliaries of Great Britain in the Revolutionary War

The Hessians and the Other German Auxiliaries of Great Britain in the Revolutionary War
Author: Edward J. Lowell
Publisher: Genealogical Publishing Com
Total Pages: 354
Release: 2009-06
Genre: United States
ISBN: 0806351527

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Nearly 30,000 German mercenaries fought on the British side during the American Revolution and participated in virtually every major engagement of the war. Although these German auxiliaries came from six different German states, they are commonly known as Hessians because the vast majority came from the principality of Hesse-Cassel. After the war, approximately 7,000 German soldiers remained in North America, becoming the progenitors of many thousands of North Americans living today. Edward J. Lowell's "The Hessians and the Other German Auxiliaries of Great Britain in the Revolutionary War," one of the earliest histories of the German auxiliary troops, is a landmark work that presents a comprehensive record of the German role in the American Revolution from the German perspective. After describing the political situation in Hesse and the treaties that induced the German soldiers to fight for the British, Lowell uses original German accounts of almost every battle from 1776 to the end of the war to create a picture of what sort of people the auxiliaries were, and what impression America and the Americans made on them. This book will be of great interest to the many researchers in the United States and Canada whose ancestors were German auxiliary soldiers from the Revolutionary era.