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Author | : George N. Hatsopoulos |
Publisher | : MIT Press (MA) |
Total Pages | : 288 |
Release | : 1973 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : |
Download Thermionic Energy Conversion: Processes and devices Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Good,No Highlights,No Markup,all pages are intact, Slight Shelfwear,may have the corners slightly dented, may have slight color changes/slightly damaged spine.
Author | : George N. Hatsopoulos |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 683 |
Release | : 1979-01 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9780262080606 |
Download Thermionic Energy Conversion Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Prepared under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy Division of Power Systems. Volume I of Thermionic Energy Conversiondealt with processes and devices (MIT Press, 1974). Its four chapters summarized information basic to the field and not subject to substantial alteration by future developments. Volume II begins with chapter 5 and describes the scientific and engineering aspects of thermionic conversion and the experience with actual operational hardware. It summarizes the experience and analytic methods that should be useful in the development of new applications of thermionic conversion. Thermionic Energy Conversionis intended for scientists and engineers working in the field of energy conversion. With increased interest in maximizing the efficiency of present energy conversion systems, it is an important reference for scientific and engineering libraries as well. The book benefits especially from the authors' actual experience-Hatsopoulos and his firm, Thermo Electron Corporation, are leaders in this field. Gyftopoulos and his students have made basic contributions to the theory of thermionic conversion. Both authors have developed a unified quantum theory of mechanics and thermodynamics. The book covers Elements of Quantum Mechanics; Principles of Thermodynamics; Thermodynamics of Stable Equilibrium States; Thermodynamics of Steady States; Emission Phenomena; Collisionless Transport Phenomena; Analysis of Performance Characteristics of High-Pressure Diodes; Experimental Techniques; Experimental Studies and Correlations of Characteristics; Metallurgy of Electrode Materials; Design and Fabrication of Practical Convertors; and Thermionic Power System Engineering.
Author | : George N. Hatsopoulos |
Publisher | : MIT Press (MA) |
Total Pages | : 288 |
Release | : 1973 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : |
Download Thermionic Energy Conversion: Processes and devices Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Good,No Highlights,No Markup,all pages are intact, Slight Shelfwear,may have the corners slightly dented, may have slight color changes/slightly damaged spine.
Author | : Daniel C. Riley |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2015 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Application of Semiconductors to Thermionic Energy Converters Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Thermionic energy conversion (TEC) is a direct heat-to-electricity conversion technology with the potential to leapfrog state-of-the-art solid-state conversion in efficiency and power density. In a thermionic energy converter, electrons evaporate from a hot electrode, the cathode, into a vacuum gap and are collected by a cooler electrode, the anode, to generate electric current. In the 1960s-1970s numerous groups reported thermionic converters with power densities above 10 W/cm^2 and conversion efficiencies of ~15%. However most of this work was tied to the US space-nuclear program which ended in 1973, and thermionics research has never fully recovered. As a result two central challenges yet remain in thermionics: (1) High operating temperatures necessary to produce electric current result in difficult materials challenges, and (2) low operating voltages due to losses associated with space charge and high anode work functions. However, new opportunities to tackle these challenges are available as a result of the breathtaking rise of semiconductor fabrication technology. In this work I present a new physical mechanism called photon enhanced thermionic emission (PETE). This concept is an improvement on thermionic emission by using light to boost the average energy of carriers in a hot p-type semiconductor cathode. Additionally, unlike in a photovoltaic cell, the waste heat from recombination losses and sub-bandgap light absorption is utilized to heat the cathode. Thus a PETE cathode can produce efficient electron emission at lower temperatures than a thermionic cathode. I will describe theoretical calculations showing that a PETE device may exceed 40% solar power conversion efficiency, and the conversion efficiency may exceed 50% if a PETE device is used in tandem with a solar thermal backing cycle. I will also describe an experimental demonstration of the PETE effect in an ultra-high vacuum photoemission measurement. In the cathode of an energy converter based on photon-enhanced thermionic emission (PETE) photoexcited carriers may need to encounter the emissive surface numerous times before having sufficient thermal energy to escape into vacuum and therefore should be confined close to the surface. However, in a traditional planar geometry, a thin cathode results in incomplete light absorption. Nanostructuring has the potential to increase light capture and boost emission by decoupling the lengths associated with photon absorption and electron emission. Nanostructures may complicate the properties of the emissive surface; therefore, the effect of nanostructuring on emission efficiency needs to be studied. In this work I describe results from a suite of simulation tools we have developed to capture the full photoemission process: photon absorption, carrier transport within the active material, and electron ballistics following emission. I show that the theoretical efficiency of a negative electron affinity emitter may be increased with nanostructures if light absorption and electron escape ballistics are considered. I then describe measurements of the photoemission efficiency of fabricated nanostructures that were designed based on the results of the simulation suite. I will also present a fundamentally new method to increase the operating voltage of a TEC by lowering the anode work function using the surface photovoltage effect. When a semiconductor surface is illuminated, photo-excited carriers form an internal dipole, or surface photovoltage (SPV), in the band-bending region and begin to flatten the bands near the surface. This SPV is analogous to the photovoltage in a photovoltaic cell and can reduce the effective work function of the material. I will describe an experimental demonstration using the SPV effect to produce a low work function surface. I will also describe a proof-of-concept demonstration of the SPV effect applied to improve the I-V characteristics of thermionic device. This generic physical process extends across materials systems and forms a realistic path to ultra-low work functions in devices to enable efficient thermionic energy conversion.
Author | : Mohammad Islam |
Publisher | : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing |
Total Pages | : 204 |
Release | : 2010-06 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9783838368320 |
Download Renewable Technologies Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Thermionic energy converter (TEC) is a device to generate electricity from heat in a silent, vibration-free operation. Non-idealities such as negative space-charge effect and electron reflection from collector surface adversely effect output current density and device efficiency. Using a range of thin film deposition techniques such as rf plasma magnetron sputtering, electrochemical deposition and electroless process, different surface structures were developed and tested for suppression of electron reflection using Cs/O vapor plasma TECs. Principles of both vacuum and solution based synthesis of thin films, and promising device configurations for thermionic energy converters are presented. This book overviews evolution of thermionics technology in a comprehensive manner, identifies key issues and challenges to be addressed, and suggests feasible solutions based on a sensible choice of materials and processes. The contents of this book are useful for teaching at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels as well as for researchers working on thin film synthesis and characterization for applications in energy, microelectronics, and surface engineering industries.
Author | : William R. Corliss |
Publisher | : Good Press |
Total Pages | : 49 |
Release | : 2023-11-20 |
Genre | : Fiction |
ISBN | : |
Download Direct Conversion of Energy Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
"Direct Conversion of Energy" by William R. Corliss. Published by Good Press. Good Press publishes a wide range of titles that encompasses every genre. From well-known classics & literary fiction and non-fiction to forgotten−or yet undiscovered gems−of world literature, we issue the books that need to be read. Each Good Press edition has been meticulously edited and formatted to boost readability for all e-readers and devices. Our goal is to produce eBooks that are user-friendly and accessible to everyone in a high-quality digital format.
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 34 |
Release | : 1980 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Optimal Thermionic Energy Conversion with Established Electrodes for High-temperature Topping and Process Heating Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE ENERGY CONVERSION AND SEMICONDUCTOR LAB. |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 1 |
Release | : 1961 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Research on Materials, Processes, and Devices Related to Energy Conversion Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Research concerned: Thermal-electric materials, processes, and devices including: Graded-Gap Detector using the HgTeCdTe system, Four-Probe Correction Factors for Wedge-Shaped Geometries, and ThermalPhoto-Voltaic Energy Converter using Germanium; Refractory thermoelectric materials of the GdSe- and Ce-Se systems and high temperature thermionic materials of the systems Y + Hf, Nb, Cr, Re, and Rh; and Mo plus ThO2, IaO2, BaO; Thermionic energy converter studies of emit er materials; Superconducting Materials of NiobiumTin Alloys; Superconducting Solenoids using Niobium-Tin Materials; Fuel Cell Studies.
Author | : Electro-Optical Systems (Firm) |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 216 |
Release | : 1961 |
Genre | : Heat exchangers |
ISBN | : |
Download Energy Conversion Systems Reference Handbook Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 276 |
Release | : 1962 |
Genre | : Direct energy conversion |
ISBN | : |
Download Research on Materials, Processes, and Devices Related to Energy Conversion Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Research is reported in five major divisions: I. Subcontracting Materials and Systems, II. Electrochemical Energy Conversion Research, III. High temperature Metallurgy Research on Thermoelectric and Thermionic Materials, IV. Solid State Energy Converters, V. The Development of Thermionic Emitter Materials.