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Natural Poisons and Venoms

Natural Poisons and Venoms
Author: Eberhard Teuscher
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Total Pages: 485
Release: 2023-06-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3110724863

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Biogenic toxins are fascinating natural products characterized by an enormous diversity of chemical structures and pharmacological activities. They not only pose hazards to humans and animals, but they are important components in the interplay of substances and living beings in nature and, moreover, important sources for new drugs. The present book is the first volume of the 5-volume series "Natural Poisons and Venoms". Volumes 1-3 cover poisons produced by plants, volume 4 summarizes poisons and venoms of animals and volume 5 deal with poisons of fungi, cyanobacteria, and other microorganisms. This volume starts with a fundamental chapter on history, chemistry and pharmacology of natural toxins, importance of the toxins for their producer, potential danger for humans and animals, and general aspects of toxicology including notes for first aid and proposals for clinical measures. The following chapters focus on the poisonous representatives of terpenes and the related steroids. The reader will be informed about the botany and occurrence of plants producing these toxins, the chemistry, the biogenesis and the pharmacology of the toxins, possible causes of poisonings, precautions to avoid poisonings, symptoms of poisonings of humans and animals, proposals for treatment measures and the possible usefulness, in the past, in present and in the future, of these toxins, especially for the development of new medicines. Numerous images of plants and chemical structural formulas complete the book. Extensive lists of literature references are given. The handbook is intended for physicians, veterinarians, pharmacists, chemists, biochemists, food chemists and biologists, for the students in the relevant fields, and also for interested laymen. You will be informed about all aspects of natural toxins based on the latest knowledge.


Animal Toxins

Animal Toxins
Author: Findlay E. Russell
Publisher:
Total Pages: 462
Release: 1967
Genre: Toxins
ISBN:

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Spider Venoms

Spider Venoms
Author: P. Gopalakrishnakone
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2016-05-10
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9789400763883

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In recent years, the field of Toxinology has expanded substantially. On the one hand it studies venomous animals, plants and micro organisms in detail to understand their mode of action on targets. While on the other, it explores the biochemical composition, genomics and proteomics of toxins and venoms to understand their three interaction with life forms (especially humans), development of antidotes and exploring their pharmacological potential. Therefore, Toxinology has deep linkages with biochemistry, molecular biology, anatomy and pharmacology. In addition, there is a fast developing applied subfield, clinical toxinology, which deals with understanding and managing medical effects of toxins on human body. Given the huge impact of toxin-based deaths globally, and the potential of venom in generation of drugs for so-far incurable diseases (for example, Diabetes, Chronic Pain), the continued research and growth of the field is imminent. This has led to the growth of research in the area and the consequent scholarly output by way of publications in journals and books. Despite this ever growing body of literature within biomedical sciences, there is still no all-inclusive reference work available that collects all of the important biochemical, biomedical and clinical insights relating to Toxinology. The Handbook of Toxinology aims to address this gap and cover the field of Toxinology comprehensively.


Venoms to Drugs

Venoms to Drugs
Author: Glenn King
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Total Pages: 338
Release: 2015-02-11
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1849736634

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This unique book will provide an up to date and comprehensive account of the potential of peptides and proteins from animal venoms as possible therapeutics. The pharmaceutical industry has become increasingly interested in biologics from animal venoms as a potential source for therapeutic agents in recent years, with a particularly emphasis on peptides. To date six drugs derived from venom peptides or proteins have been approved by the FDA, with nine further agents currently being investigated in clinical trials. In addition to these drugs in approved or advanced stages of development, many more peptides and proteins are being studied in varying stages of preclinical development. Topics covered include chemistry and structural biology of animal venoms, proteomic and transcriptomic approaches to drug discovery, bioassays, high-throughput screens and target identification, and reptile, scorpion, spider and cone snail venoms as a platform for drug development. Case studies are used to illustrate methods and successes and highlight issues surrounding administration and other important lessons that have been learnt from the development of approved therapeutics based on venoms. The first text to focus on this fascinating area and bridging an important gap, this book will provide the reader with essential and current knowledge on this fast-developing area. Venoms to Drugs will find wide readership with researchers working in academia and industry working in all medicinal and pharmaceutical areas.


Arthropod Venom Components and Their Potential Usage

Arthropod Venom Components and Their Potential Usage
Author: Katsuhiro Konno
Publisher: MDPI
Total Pages: 404
Release: 2020-03-25
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 3039285408

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Thousands of arthropod species, ranging from arachnids (spiders and scorpions) to hymenopterans (ants, bees, and wasps) and myriapods (centipedes), are venomous and use their venoms for both defense and predation. These venoms are invariably harmful to humans, and some may cause serious injuries, e.g., those from scorpions, spiders, and wasps. Arthropods’ venoms are also known as rich sources of biologically active compounds and have attracted the attention of toxin researchers for years. In this century, venom component analysis has progressed considerable due to the advances in analytical techniques, in particular, mass spectrometry and next-generation deep (DNA and RNA) sequencing. As such, proteomic and peptidomic analyses using LC–MS have enabled the full analysis of venom components, revealing a variety of novel peptide and protein toxins sequences and scaffolds, potentially useful as pharmacological research tools and for the development of highly selective peptide ligands and therapeutic leads, like chlorotoxin. Due to their specificity for numerous ion-channel subtypes, including voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels, arthropod neurotoxins have been investigated to dissect and treat neurodegenerative diseases and control epileptic syndromes. This Special Issue collects information on such progress, encouraging contributions on the chemical and biological characterization of venom components, not only peptides and proteins, but also small molecules, their mechanisms of action, and the development of venom-derived peptide leads.


Bee and Wasp Venoms Biological Characteristics and Therapeutic Application

Bee and Wasp Venoms Biological Characteristics and Therapeutic Application
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2017-02-03
Genre:
ISBN: 9783038423409

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Bee or wasp venom therapy is the therapeutic application of honeybee venom or wasp venom to the treatment of various diseases. Venoms from either honeybees or wasps are known to possess a wide variety of pharmaceutical properties. Recent studies using these venoms have demonstrated diverse mechanisms on a range of conditions. However, identification of a single constituent out of the venom, the possible mechanisms, and a justification of the route of application and formulation are essential in the future. Understanding the signalling pathways associated with the compound-mediated in vivo dynamics and further communication between cells at the molecular level will facilitate the development of new therapeutics.


Plant Toxins

Plant Toxins
Author: P. Gopalakrishnakone
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release:
Genre: Plant toxins
ISBN: 9789400767287

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Toxins and Drug Discovery

Toxins and Drug Discovery
Author: P. Gopalakrishnakone
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2019-09-11
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9789400764514

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In recent years, the field of Toxinology has expanded substantially. On the one hand it studies venomous animals, plants and micro organisms in detail to understand their mode of action on targets. While on the other, it explores the biochemical composition, genomics and proteomics of toxins and venoms to understand their three interaction with life forms (especially humans), development of antidotes and exploring their pharmacological potential. Therefore, Toxinology has deep linkages with biochemistry, molecular biology, anatomy and pharmacology. In addition, there is a fast developing applied subfield, clinical toxinology, which deals with understanding and managing medical effects of toxins on human body. Given the huge impact of toxin-based deaths globally, and the potential of venom in generation of drugs for so-far incurable diseases (for example, Diabetes, Chronic Pain), the continued research and growth of the field is imminent. This has led to the growth of research in the area and the consequent scholarly output by way of publications in journals and books. Despite this ever growing body of literature within biomedical sciences, there is still no all-inclusive reference work available that collects all of the important biochemical, biomedical and clinical insights relating to Toxinology. The Handbook of Toxinology aims to address this gap and cover the field of Toxinology comprehensively.


Healing with Poisons

Healing with Poisons
Author: Yan Liu
Publisher: University of Washington Press
Total Pages: 278
Release: 2021-06-22
Genre: History
ISBN: 0295749016

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Open access edition: DOI 10.6069/9780295749013 At first glance, medicine and poison might seem to be opposites. But in China’s formative era of pharmacy (200–800 CE), poisons were strategically employed as healing agents to cure everything from abdominal pain to epidemic disease. Healing with Poisons explores the ways physicians, religious figures, court officials, and laypersons used toxic substances to both relieve acute illnesses and enhance life. It illustrates how the Chinese concept of du—a word carrying a core meaning of “potency”—led practitioners to devise a variety of methods to transform dangerous poisons into effective medicines. Recounting scandals and controversies involving poisons from the Era of Division to the Tang, historian Yan Liu considers how the concept of du was central to how the people of medieval China perceived both their bodies and the body politic. He also examines the wide range of toxic minerals, plants, and animal products used in classical Chinese pharmacy, including everything from the herb aconite to the popular recreational drug Five-Stone Powder. By recovering alternative modes of understanding wellness and the body’s interaction with foreign substances, this study cautions against arbitrary classifications and exemplifies the importance of paying attention to the technical, political, and cultural conditions in which substances become truly meaningful. Healing with Poisons is freely available in an open access edition thanks to TOME (Toward an Open Monograph Ecosystem) and the generous support of the University of Buffalo.