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Theory Of The Firm's Cost Of Capital, A: How Debt Affects The Firm's Risk, Value, Tax Rate, And The Government's Tax Claim

Theory Of The Firm's Cost Of Capital, A: How Debt Affects The Firm's Risk, Value, Tax Rate, And The Government's Tax Claim
Author: Ramesh K S Rao
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 105
Release: 2007-03-12
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9814477303

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The cost of capital concept has myriad applications in business decision-making. The standard methodology for deriving cost of capital estimates is based on the seminal Modigliani-Miller analyses. This book generalizes this framework to include non-debt tax shields (e.g., depreciation), interactions between the borrowing rate and tax shields, and default considerations. It develops several new results and shows how better cost of capital and marginal tax rate estimates can be generated. The book's unified cost of capital theory is discussed with comprehensive numerical examples and graphical illustrations.This book will be of interest to corporate managers, academics, investment bankers, governmental agencies, and private companies that generate cost of capital estimates for public consumption.


A Theory of the Firm's Cost of Capital

A Theory of the Firm's Cost of Capital
Author: Ramesh K. S. Rao
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 105
Release: 2007
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9812708375

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The cost of capital concept is widely used in business decision-making. The current theory and estimates for measurement of cost of capital are derived from the seminal Modigliani-Miller analyses. This book generalizes this framework to include non-debt tax shields (e.g., depreciation) and default considerations. It develops several new results and shows how better cost of capital and marginal tax rate estimates can be generated. The unified cost of capital theory presented in the book is illustrated graphically and with comprehensive numerical examples. This book will be of great interest to practicing managers, academics, governmental agencies and private companies that generate cost of capital estimates for public consumption.


The Firm's Cost of Capital, its Effective Marginal Tax Rate, and the Value of the Government's Tax Claim

The Firm's Cost of Capital, its Effective Marginal Tax Rate, and the Value of the Government's Tax Claim
Author: Eric C. Stevens
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2006
Genre:
ISBN:

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This paper develops a theory of the firm's weighted average cost of capital (WACC) and the marginal tax rate with risky debt and potentially redundant depreciation and interest tax shields. The tax shields' risks, the firm's borrowing interest rate and its marginal tax rate are intertwined, and they must therefore be determined simultaneously. We capture these interdependencies by determining the borrowing interest rate endogenously, using the single-factor approximate arbitrage pricing theory. This research strategy: a) yields the correct discount rate for valuing the tax shields and shows how better WACC and marginal tax rate estimates can be generated, b) identifies the determinants of the firm's debt capacity in terms of asset characteristics and exogenous economic variables, and c) specifies, numerically, how policy variables (corporate tax rate, tax rules, and the T-bill rate) affect the market values of claims on the firm's output that are both private (debt, equity) and public (tax claims).


Corporate Governance and Financial Management

Corporate Governance and Financial Management
Author: S. Nuryanah
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 396
Release: 2015-01-16
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1137435615

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This book integrates corporate governance, corporate finance and accounting to formulate sound financial management strategies. It offers practical steps for managers using an integrated optimisation financial model to achieve good corporate governance practices which lead to lower risks and higher firm value.


Tax Policy, Leverage and Macroeconomic Stability

Tax Policy, Leverage and Macroeconomic Stability
Author: International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 78
Release: 2016-12-10
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1498345204

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Risks to macroeconomic stability posed by excessive private leverage are significantly amplified by tax distortions. ‘Debt bias’ (tax provisions favoring finance by debt rather than equity) has increased leverage in both the household and corporate sectors, and is now widely recognized as a significant macroeconomic concern. This paper presents new evidence of the extent of debt bias, including estimates for banks and non-bank financial institutions both before and after the global financial crisis. It presents policy options to alleviate debt bias, and assesses their effectiveness. The paper finds that thin capitalization rules restricting interest deductibility have only partially been able to address debt bias, but that an allowance for corporate equity has generally proved effective. The paper concludes that debt bias should feature prominently in countries’ tax reform plans in the coming years.


Guide to Damages in International Arbitration

Guide to Damages in International Arbitration
Author: John A Trenor
Publisher: Law Business Research Ltd.
Total Pages: 396
Release: 2016-11-05
Genre:
ISBN: 1912377527

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Global Arbitration Review's The Guide to Damages in International Arbitrationis a desktop reference work for those who'd like greater confidence when dealing with the numbers. The guide, edited by John A. Trenor of Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP, covers all aspects of damages - from the legal principles applicable, to the main valuation techniques and their mechanics, to industry-specific questions, and topics such as tax and currency. For each of the major methodologies employed by damages experts the book describes the basics of the approach, the areas of general agreement, and the points at which consensus can break down. The book acts as a compass for non-accountants and non-economists, enabling them to argue or umpire the damages part of cases more effectively. This guide contains 27 chapters, sectioned into four parts: I. Legal Principles Applicable to the Award of Damages II. Procedural Issues and the Use of Damages Experts III. Approaches and Methods for the Assessment and Quantification of Damages IV. Industry-Specific Damages Issues. Contributors include top names at organisations like White & Case LLP, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP and Victoria University. 'The Global Arbitration Review Guide to Damages in International Arbitration covers most issues likely to be faced by arbitrators, counsel and experts. The twenty-six chapters are written by experts in their respective fields. Their advice is down to earth and practical. The Guide fulfills the aim described by John Trenor in his Introduction: "e; to make the subject of damages in international arbitration more understandable and less intimidating for arbitrators and other participants in the field and to help participants present these issues more effectively to tribunals."e;'- Anthony Connerty, Barrister in practice, IDR Group and 4-5 Gray's Inn Square


Principles of Managerial Finance

Principles of Managerial Finance
Author: Lawrence J Gitman
Publisher: Pearson Higher Education AU
Total Pages: 895
Release: 2015-05-20
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 144253642X

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Once again, Principles of Managerial Finance brings you a user friendly text with strong pedagogical features and an easy-to-understand writing style. The new edition continues to provide a proven learning system that integrates pedagogy with concepts and practical applications, making it the perfect learning tool for today’s students. The book concentrates on the concepts, techniques and practices that are needed to make key financial decisions in an increasingly competitive business environment. Not only does this text provide a strong basis for further studies of Managerial Finance, but it also incorporates a personal finance perspective. The effect is that students gain a greater understanding of finance as a whole and how it affects their day-to-day lives; it answers the question “Why does finance matter to ME?” By providing a balance of managerial and personal finance perspectives, clear exposition, comprehensive content, and a broad range of support resources, Principles of Managerial Finance will continue to be the preferred choice for many introductory finance courses.


Surface Mining, Second Edition

Surface Mining, Second Edition
Author: Bruce A. Kennedy
Publisher: SME
Total Pages: 1214
Release: 1990
Genre: Reference
ISBN: 9780873351027

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This SME classic is both a reference book for the working engineer and a textbook for the mining student. This hardcover edition gives a brief history of surface mining and a general overview of the state of surface mining today--topics range from production and productivity to technological developments and trends in equipment. This extremely useful text takes the approach that exploration and mining geologists must be expert in a number of fields, including basic finance and economics, logistics, and pragmatic prospecting. Readers will find material on all these topics and more. The book's nine chapters include: Introduction, Exploration and Geology Techniques, Ore Reserve Estimation, Feasibility Studies and Project Financing, Planning and Design of Surface Mines, Mine Operations, Mine Capital and Operating Costs, Management and Organization, and Case Studies. The book is fully indexed.


The COVID-19 Impact on Corporate Leverage and Financial Fragility

The COVID-19 Impact on Corporate Leverage and Financial Fragility
Author: Sharjil M. Haque
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 51
Release: 2021-11-05
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1589064127

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We study the impact of the COVID-19 recession on capital structure of publicly listed U.S. firms. Our estimates suggest leverage (Net Debt/Asset) decreased by 5.3 percentage points from the pre-shock mean of 19.6 percent, while debt maturity increased moderately. This de-leveraging effect is stronger for firms exposed to significant rollover risk, while firms whose businesses were most vulnerable to social distancing did not reduce leverage. We rationalize our evidence through a structural model of firm value that shows lower expected growth rate and higher volatility of cash flows following COVID-19 reduced optimal levels of corporate leverage. Model-implied optimal leverage indicates firms which did not de-lever became over-leveraged. We find default probability deteriorates most in large, over-leveraged firms and those that were stressed pre-COVID. Additional stress tests predict value of these firms will be less than one standard deviation away from default if cash flows decline by 20 percent.


Debt Bias and Other Distortions

Debt Bias and Other Distortions
Author: International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 41
Release: 2009-12-06
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1498335926

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Tax distortions are likely to have encouraged excessive leveraging and other financial market problems evident in the crisis. These effects have been little explored, but are potentially macro-relevant. Taxation can result, for example, in a net subsidy to borrowing of hundreds of basis points, raising debt-equity ratios and vulnerabilities from capital inflows. This paper reviews key channels by which tax distortions can significantly affect financial markets, drawing implications for tax design once the crisis has passed.