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Theory and Evidence

Theory and Evidence
Author: Barbara Koslowski
Publisher: MIT Press
Total Pages: 326
Release: 1996
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 9780262112093

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Koslowski boldly criticizes many of the currently classic studies and musters a compelling set of arguments, backed by an exhaustive set of experiments carried out during the last decade.


Theory and Evidence

Theory and Evidence
Author: Clark N. Glymour
Publisher:
Total Pages: 383
Release: 1980
Genre: Évidence
ISBN: 9780691072401

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The Description for this book, Theory and Evidence, will be forthcoming.


A Mathematical Theory of Evidence

A Mathematical Theory of Evidence
Author: Glenn Shafer
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Total Pages:
Release: 2020-06-30
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 0691214697

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Both in science and in practical affairs we reason by combining facts only inconclusively supported by evidence. Building on an abstract understanding of this process of combination, this book constructs a new theory of epistemic probability. The theory draws on the work of A. P. Dempster but diverges from Depster's viewpoint by identifying his "lower probabilities" as epistemic probabilities and taking his rule for combining "upper and lower probabilities" as fundamental. The book opens with a critique of the well-known Bayesian theory of epistemic probability. It then proceeds to develop an alternative to the additive set functions and the rule of conditioning of the Bayesian theory: set functions that need only be what Choquet called "monotone of order of infinity." and Dempster's rule for combining such set functions. This rule, together with the idea of "weights of evidence," leads to both an extensive new theory and a better understanding of the Bayesian theory. The book concludes with a brief treatment of statistical inference and a discussion of the limitations of epistemic probability. Appendices contain mathematical proofs, which are relatively elementary and seldom depend on mathematics more advanced that the binomial theorem.


Evidence-Based Policymaking

Evidence-Based Policymaking
Author: Karen Bogenschneider
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 464
Release: 2021-04-27
Genre: Family & Relationships
ISBN: 100037890X

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New thinking is needed on the age-old conundrum of how to connect research and policymaking. Why does a disconnect exist between the research community, which is producing thousands of studies relevant to public policy, and the policy community, which is making thousands of decisions that would benefit from research evidence? The second edition updates community dissonance theory and provides an even stronger, more substantiated story of why research is underutilized in policymaking, and what it will take to connect researchers and policymakers. This book offers a fresh look into what policymakers and the policy process are like, as told by policymakers themselves and the researchers who study and work with them. New to the second edition: • The point of view of policymakers is infused throughout this book based on a remarkable new study of 225 state legislators with an extraordinarily high response rate in this hard-to-access population. • A new theory holds promise for guiding the study and practice of evidence-based policy by building on how policymakers say research contributes to policymaking. • A new chapter features pioneering researchers who have effectively influenced public policy by engaging policymakers in ways rewarding to both. • A new chapter proposes how an engaged university could provide culturally competent training to create a new type of scholar and scholarship. This review of state-of-the-art research on evidence-based policy is a benefit to readers who find it hard to keep abreast of a field that spans the disciplines of business, economics, education, family sciences, health services, political science, psychology, public administration, social work, sociology, and so forth. For those who study evidence-based policy, the book provides the basics of producing policy relevant research by introducing researchers to policymakers and the policy process. Strategies are provided for identifying research questions that are relevant to the societal problems that confront and confound policymakers. Researchers will have at their fingertips a breath-taking overview of classic and cutting-edge studies on the multi-disciplinary field of evidence-based policy. For instructors, the book is written in a language and style that students find engaging. A topic that many students find mundane becomes germane when they read stories of what policymakers are like, and when they learn of researcher’s tribulations and triumphs as they work to build evidence-based policy. To point students to the most important ideas, the key concepts are highlighted in text boxes. For those who desire to engage policymakers, a new chapter summarizes the breakthroughs of several researchers who have been successful at driving policy change. The book provides 12 innovative best practices drawn from the science and practice of engaging policymakers, including insights from some of the best and brightest researchers and science communicators. The book also takes on the daunting task of evaluating the effectiveness of efforts to engage policymakers around research. A theory of change identifies seven key elements that are fundamental to increasing policymaker’s use of research along with evaluation protocols and preliminary evidence on each element.


Linguistic Theory and Empirical Evidence

Linguistic Theory and Empirical Evidence
Author: Bob de Jonge
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Total Pages: 307
Release: 2011
Genre: Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN: 902721574X

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This volume further elaborates the empirical tradition of Columbia School (CS) Linguistics by offering diverse empirical analyses for a wide variety of languages. These studies open a much needed debate advocating the necessity of the independent validation of linguistic hypotheses. This research exemplifies how such a validation should be conducted by determining which forms underlie the analyses and extracting those observations that are considered to be objective. The volume consists of two parts: a section on synchronic and diachronic grammatical problems and a section on Phonology as Human Behavior (PHB), the Columbia School version of phonology, applied to evolutionary, developmental and clinical issues and the phonotactics of the selected lexicon of a literary text. It provides a wealth of useful empirical data and in-depth and sophisticated qualitative and quantitative analyses of a broad range of languages from diverse families: French, Spanish, Afrikaans, Dutch, English, Polish, Russian, Japanese, and Hebrew.


The Economics of Consumption

The Economics of Consumption
Author: Tullio Jappelli
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 313
Release: 2017
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0199383154

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In The Economics of Consumption, Tullio Jappelli and Luigi Pistaferri provide a comprehensive examination of the most important developments in the field of consumption decisions and evaluate economic models against empirical evidence.


International Trade

International Trade
Author: James R. Markusen
Publisher: McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Total Pages: 504
Release: 1995
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

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This text is suitable for international trade courses at the undergraduate level. Knowledge of microeconomics is an assumed prerequisite for students using this text.


Theory and Reality

Theory and Reality
Author: Peter Godfrey-Smith
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Total Pages: 412
Release: 2021-07-16
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 022677113X

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How does science work? Does it tell us what the world is “really” like? What makes it different from other ways of understanding the universe? In Theory and Reality, Peter Godfrey-Smith addresses these questions by taking the reader on a grand tour of more than a hundred years of debate about science. The result is a completely accessible introduction to the main themes of the philosophy of science. Examples and asides engage the beginning student, a glossary of terms explains key concepts, and suggestions for further reading are included at the end of each chapter. Like no other text in this field, Theory and Reality combines a survey of recent history of the philosophy of science with current key debates that any beginning scholar or critical reader can follow. The second edition is thoroughly updated and expanded by the author with a new chapter on truth, simplicity, and models in science.


Theory and Evidence in Semantics

Theory and Evidence in Semantics
Author: Erhard W. Hinrichs
Publisher: Center for the Study of Language and Information Publica Tion
Total Pages: 294
Release: 2009
Genre: Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN:

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Contributors -- Introducing theory and evidence in semantics / Erhard Hinrichs and John Nerbonne -- Acknowledgments -- Reconstruction as delayed evaluation / Chris Barker -- Selectional preferences for anaphora resolution / Erhard Hinrichs and Holger Wunsch -- The swarm alternation revisited / Jack Hoeksema -- Representations or meanings? / Pauline Jacobson -- Approximate interpretations of number words / Manfred Krifka -- Compositional interpretation / Peter N. Lasersohn -- Quantitatively detecting semantic relations / John Nerbonne and Tim Van de Cruys -- Know-how: a compositional approach / Craige Roberts -- Cells and paradigms in inflectional semantics / Gregory Stump -- Right-node wrapping / Neal Whitman -- Index.


Compensation

Compensation
Author: Barry Gerhart
Publisher: SAGE
Total Pages: 320
Release: 2003-05-07
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0761921079

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`Gerhart and Rynes provide a thorough, comprehensive review of the vast literatures relevant to compensation. Their insights regarding the integration of economic, psychological and management perspectives are particularly enlightening. This text provides an invaluable tool for those interested in advancing our understanding of compensation practices' - Alison Barber, Eli Broad College of Business, Michigan State UniversityCompensation provides a comprehensive, research-based review of both the determinants and effects of compensation. Combining theory and research from a variety of disciplines, authors Barry Gerhart and Sara Rynes examine the three major compensation decisions - pay level, pay structure and pay delivery systems.Revealing the impact of different compensation policies, this interdisciplinary volume examines: the relationship between performance-based pay and intrinsic motivation; implications of individual pay differentials for team or unit performance; the consequences of pay for performance policies; effect sizes and practical significance of compensation findings; and directions for future research.Compensation considers why organizations pay people the way they do and how various pay strategies influence the success of organizations. Critically evaluating areas where research is inconsistent with common beliefs, Gerhart and Rynes explore the motivational effects of compensation.Primarily intended for graduate students in human resource management, psychology, and organizational behaviour courses, this book is also an invaluable reference for compensation management consultants and organizational development specialists.