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The Concept of Constituency

The Concept of Constituency
Author: Andrew Rehfeld
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 279
Release: 2005-06-27
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1139446487

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In virtually every democratic nation in the world, political representation is defined by where citizens live. In the United States, for example, Congressional Districts are drawn every 10 years as lines on a map. Why do democratic governments define political representation this way? Are territorial electoral constituencies commensurate with basic principles of democratic legitimacy? And why might our commitments to these principles lead us to endorse a radical alternative: randomly assigning citizens to permanent, single-member electoral constituencies that each looks like the nation they collectively represent? Using the case of the founding period of the United States as an illustration, and drawing from classic sources in Western political theory, this book describes the conceptual, historical, and normative features of the electoral constituency. As an institution conceptually separate from the casting of votes, the electoral constituency is little studied. Its historical origins are often incorrectly described. And as a normative matter, the constituency is almost completely ignored. Raising these conceptual, historical and normative issues, the argument culminates with a novel thought experiment of imagining how politics might change under randomized, permanent, national electoral constituencies. By focusing on how citizens are formally defined for the purpose of political representation, The Concept of Constituency thus offers a novel approach to the central problems of political representation, democratic legitimacy, and institutional design.


A Performance Theory of Order and Constituency

A Performance Theory of Order and Constituency
Author: John A. Hawkins
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 520
Release: 1994
Genre: Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN: 9780521378673

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Major new work arguing that grammars are profoundly shaped by language processing.


The role of constituents in multiword expressions

The role of constituents in multiword expressions
Author: Sabine Schulte im Walde
Publisher: Language Science Press
Total Pages: 238
Release:
Genre: Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN: 3961101841

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Multiword expressions (MWEs), such as noun compounds (e.g. nickname in English, and Ohrwurm in German), complex verbs (e.g. give up in English, and aufgeben in German) and idioms (e.g. break the ice in English, and das Eis brechen in German), may be interpreted literally but often undergo meaning shifts with respect to their constituents. Theoretical, psycholinguistic as well as computational linguistic research remain puzzled by when and how MWEs receive literal vs. meaning-shifted interpretations, what the contributions of the MWE constituents are to the degree of semantic transparency (i.e., meaning compositionality) of the MWE, and how literal vs. meaning-shifted MWEs are processed and computed. This edited volume presents an interdisciplinary selection of seven papers on recent findings across linguistic, psycholinguistic, corpus-based and computational research fields and perspectives, discussing the interaction of constituent properties and MWE meanings, and how MWE constituents contribute to the processing and representation of MWEs. The collection is based on a workshop at the 2017 annual conference of the German Linguistic Society (DGfS) that took place at Saarland University in Saarbrücken, Germany


Continuum Mechanics of Anisotropic Materials

Continuum Mechanics of Anisotropic Materials
Author: Stephen C. Cowin
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 435
Release: 2013-01-09
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 146145025X

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Continuum Mechanics of Anisotropic Materials(CMAM) presents an entirely new and unique development of material anisotropy in the context of an appropriate selection and organization of continuum mechanics topics. These features will distinguish this continuum mechanics book from other books on this subject. Textbooks on continuum mechanics are widely employed in engineering education, however, none of them deal specifically with anisotropy in materials. For the audience of Biomedical, Chemical and Civil Engineering students, these materials will be dealt with more frequently and greater accuracy in their analysis will be desired. Continuum Mechanics of Anisotropic Materials' author has been a leader in the field of developing new approaches for the understanding of anisotropic materials.


Systems

Systems
Author: Gabriel Altmann
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Total Pages: 797
Release: 2011-07-11
Genre: Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN: 3110801191

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Structure and Being

Structure and Being
Author: Lorenz B. Puntel
Publisher: Penn State Press
Total Pages: 546
Release: 2010-11-01
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 0271048263

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Computer Models in Biomechanics

Computer Models in Biomechanics
Author: Gerhard Holzapfel
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 406
Release: 2012-10-17
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9400754639

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This book contains a collection of papers that were presented at the IUTAM Symposium on “Computer Models in Biomechanics: From Nano to Macro” held at Stanford University, California, USA, from August 29 to September 2, 2011. It contains state-of-the-art papers on: - Protein and Cell Mechanics: coarse-grained model for unfolded proteins, collagen-proteoglycan structural interactions in the cornea, simulations of cell behavior on substrates - Muscle Mechanics: modeling approaches for Ca2+–regulated smooth muscle contraction, smooth muscle modeling using continuum thermodynamical frameworks, cross-bridge model describing the mechanoenergetics of actomyosin interaction, multiscale skeletal muscle modeling - Cardiovascular Mechanics: multiscale modeling of arterial adaptations by incorporating molecular mechanisms, cardiovascular tissue damage, dissection properties of aortic aneurysms, intracranial aneurysms, electromechanics of the heart, hemodynamic alterations associated with arterial remodeling following aortic coarctation, patient-specific surgery planning for the Fontan procedure - Multiphasic Models: solutes in hydrated biological tissues, reformulation of mixture theory-based poroelasticity for interstitial tissue growth, tumor therapies of brain tissue, remodeling of microcirculation in liver lobes, reactions, mass transport and mechanics of tumor growth, water transport modeling in the brain, crack modeling of swelling porous media - Morphogenesis, Biological Tissues and Organs: mechanisms of brain morphogenesis, micromechanical modeling of anterior cruciate ligaments, mechanical characterization of the human liver, in vivo validation of predictive models for bone remodeling and mechanobiology, bridging scales in respiratory mechanics


The Meaning of Meaning

The Meaning of Meaning
Author: Charles Kay Ogden
Publisher:
Total Pages: 363
Release: 1959
Genre: Language and languages
ISBN:

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The Psychological Basis of Moral Judgments

The Psychological Basis of Moral Judgments
Author: John Park
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Total Pages: 277
Release: 2021-07-18
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 1000402223

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This volume examines the psychological basis of moral judgments and asks what theories of concepts apply to moral concepts. By combining philosophical reasoning and empirical insights from the fields of moral psychology, cognitive science, evolutionary psychology, and neuroscience, it considers what mental states not only influence, but also constitute our moral concepts and judgments. On this basis, Park proposes a novel pluralistic theory of moral concepts which includes three different cognitive structures and emotions. Thus, our moral judgments are shown to be a hybrid that express both cognitive and conative states. In part through analysis of new empirical data on moral semantic intuitions, gathered via cross-cultural experimental research, Park reveals that the referents of individuals’ moral judgments and concepts vary across time, contexts, and groups. On this basis, he contends for moral relativism, where moral judgments cannot be universally true across time and location but only relative to groups. This powerfully argued text will be of interest to researchers, academics, and educators with an interest in cognitive science, moral theory, philosophy of psychology, and moral psychology more broadly. Those interested in ethics, applied social psychology, and moral development will also benefit from the volume.


Chemo-Mechanical Coupling in Clays: From Nano-scale to Engineering Applications

Chemo-Mechanical Coupling in Clays: From Nano-scale to Engineering Applications
Author: C. DiMaio
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 446
Release: 2018-05-08
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1351461052

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Clay behaviour is affected by coupled mechanical and chemical processes occurring in them at various scales. The peculiar chemical and electro-chemical properties of clays are the source of many undesired effects. These papers provide insight into the variables controlling clay behaviour.