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The United States' Defend Forward Cyber Strategy

The United States' Defend Forward Cyber Strategy
Author: Jack Goldsmith
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 385
Release: 2022-03-18
Genre: Computer security
ISBN: 0197601790

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Defend Forward and persistent engagement / Gary P. Corn and Emily Goldman -- Scenarios for Defend Forward / Gary P. Corn and Peter Renals -- US Cyber Command's first decade / Michael Warner -- The domestic legal framework for US military cyber operations / Robert M. Chesney -- Cyberattacks and constitutional powers / Matthew C. Waxman -- Defend forward and the FBI / James Baker and Matt Morris -- Defend Forward and sovereignty / Jack Goldsmith and Alex Loomis -- Defend Forward and cyber countermeasures / Ashley Deeks -- Covert deception, strategic fraud, and the rule of prohibited intervention / Gary P. Corn -- Due diligence and Defend Forward / Eric Talbot Jensen and Sean Watts -- Defend Forward and attribution / Kristen E. Eichensehr -- Persistent aggrandizement and Israel's cyber defense architecture / Elena Chachko -- Adapting to the cyber domain : Comparing US and UK institutional, legal, and policy innovations / Robert M. Chesney.


Preparing the Next Phase of US Cyber Strategy

Preparing the Next Phase of US Cyber Strategy
Author: Jenny Jun
Publisher:
Total Pages: 7
Release: 2022
Genre: Computer networks
ISBN:

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This paper considers tensions in the current US cyber strategy for the Defense Department and the broader cyber policy community in the Biden-Harris administration as they form the next phase of the strategy. Specifically, it argues that the current strategy may not incentivize other cyber powers to conduct campaigns in ways that minimize accidents and reckless behavior. In addition, the paper highlights a lingering, and deleterious, ambiguity in how Defend Forward relates to the concept of deterrence in cyberspace. These tensions reveal that simply hoping that states will arrive at common "rules of the road" through tacit interactions is not sufficient. A renewed US strategy also needs active diplomacy and explicit bargaining among states, with the United States proactively shaping the contours of that debate. The revised strategy should also streamline how, when, and under what conditions Defend Forward can best serve as a means to the goal of achieving superiority in cyberspace


The National Guard Answers the Call for Cybersecurity at the State and Local Level

The National Guard Answers the Call for Cybersecurity at the State and Local Level
Author: Jean-Paul Laurenceau
Publisher:
Total Pages: 25
Release: 2021
Genre: Computer security
ISBN:

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"The United States is witnessing a rise in cyber-attacks against local and federal governments. The US has not been completely successful in defending against the threats these attacks pose against its national interest. The government has been careful not to overreach into the private sector but there is a major gap that leave Americans fending to protect themselves and it is worse in the public sector. We have seen legislative fights over cyber bills leaving some with a feeling that the partisan battles have left America exposed to the growing variety of cyber threats. Many of the bills have had bipartisan support as well as bipartisan opposition. The fight is not over a need for appropriate cyber legislation; the fight is over how to define “appropriate.” The US faces threats from nation-state hackers like Russia, China, North Korea, and many more. The US identified Russia for its efforts in attacking our democracy when it hacked the Democratic National Committee leading to the 2016 Presidential Elections, and attempts by more nefarious actors to attempt to do same in the 2020 elections. China, with its ambitious desire to grow its economy, for years has been complicit in the theft of US commercial intellectual property. They have also been linked to the data breach at the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) that resulted in the compromise of at least 20 million federal employees. While the Obama administration has taken steps to improve the overall security of the nation’s network, the Trump Administration released the most proactive National Cyber Strategy (NCS) in 2018. The Department of Defense (DoD) followed suit and developed its own cybersecurity strategy that fully supports the NCS. Since taking office in January 2021, President Biden is taking the charge forward. His administration created and filled a new position, Deputy National Security Adviser for cyber and emerging technology. While the NCS and DoD cyber strategy are a good start to addressing cybersecurity, they do not do enough to support state and federal government agencies as their mandate dictates. The “defend forward” strategy is effective (and necessary), but it assumes that we have an infrastructure in place to “defend here”. The levels of attack that the US has and continues to experience says otherwise. The DoD is responsible for providing the military forces needed to deter war and protect the security of our country, this includes protection against cyber-attacks. For this reason, we need to establish a cybersecurity team within the Army National Guard (ARNG) in each state to assist with deterrence, denial, and remediation of cyber-attacks at the State and local level. The ARNG is community-based and reports to the governor of its respective state unless called to protect U.S. domestic interests in times of conflict or natural disaster. After discussing why cybersecurity is important, reviewing the federal cyber strategies, and looking at past cyber-attacks against state and government agencies, this paper will look at the role of the ARNG in support of the states. Based on these findings, the paper will conclude with a discussion for using the ARNG to provide cybersecurity support to the state and local government."--Abstract.


Confronting the Cyber Storm

Confronting the Cyber Storm
Author: Ronald Banks
Publisher:
Total Pages: 365
Release: 2020-02-20
Genre:
ISBN:

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This book is an extremely relevant must read for anyone concerned with the current cyber threat against United States' national and economic security. Over the past few years, the U.S. has increasingly been the victim of sophisticated and significant cyber attacks by state-sponsored and malicious individual actors. These threats have progressively targeted the U.S. military and political systems, financial institutions, healthcare systems, electric grid, dams, and retail sectors. The total extent of damage and loss we may never know... until it's too late. In 2019, revenues from malicious cyber actors exceeded the combined revenues of Facebook, Amazon, Apple, Netflix, and Google. In a single year more than 3 billion U.S. accounts were hacked. These malicious actors are aggressively investing in talent, technology and tactics. They are coordinated, trained, highly sophisticated, and most importantly...undeterred.Despite formidable U.S. government and private industry cyber capabilities, the nation lacks the necessary strategy for integrated cybersecurity. Its current policy leaves its privately-owned critical infrastructure struggling to defend itself against a rapidly growing cyber storm which threatens to undermine and envelope U.S. cyber defenses. The result is a nation highly vulnerable to cyber threats which could expose the U.S. to a potentially catastrophic impact on national security and the economy.Through detailed analysis and real-world military strategy, healthcare, and financial sector experience, the author presents a pragmatic remedy to securing the nation against cyber threats. Using coercion and other instruments of statecraft, this book explores the art of strategy to devise a public-private means to effectively influence cyber threats, along with the vernacular and constructs necessary to carry it out. . This book goes beyond academic policy; it is a battle-cry to action offering practical solutions for every nation's leadership when Confronting the Cyber Storm."In this book, Banks has concisely laid out a compelling, well-documented case for a coercive strategy as part of an overall national cybersecurity strategy. His case studies make clear the need. His recommendations reveal a deep understanding of the threat as well as of the tools available to government and private industry to meet it."Eric J. McNulty, MA, Associate Director and Program Co-director Harvard University's National Preparedness Leadership Initiative, a joint program of the Harvard Chan School and the Harvard Kennedy School of Government."Banks delivers an incredibly relevant book for our time. Full of rich detail on the state of all things cyber, he calls out the deficiencies in current Western cyber strategies and pitches a comprehensive coercion strategy to protect our future. The wise will heed his call to action, turn the tables on malicious cyber actors, and give them something meaningful to worry about." Dr. Christian Watt, Colonel, USAF, Associate Dean U.S. Air Force War College "This book offers a much-needed structure to policy discussions surrounding cyber conflict. Col (ret) Banks' important perspectives offer a cogent pathway to think about and operationalize cyber strategy. While many "strategies" for cyberspace exist, they are more often than not policy pronouncements rather than "strategy" in the classical sense of the term. The frameworks he provides offer a pathway for ends, ways and means the United States should go on the offensive as a nation to confront aggressive adversaries in the cyber domain and more broadly integrating cyberspace into our toolkit for national statecraft and grand strategy."Dr. Pano Yannakogeorgos. Clinical Associate ProfessorNew York University, Faculty Lead - MS Global Security, Conflict & Cybercrime


The Department of Defense Cyber Strategy

The Department of Defense Cyber Strategy
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 33
Release: 2015
Genre: Computer networks
ISBN:

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In concert with other agencies, the United States' Department of Defense (DoD) is responsible for defending the U.S. homeland and U.S. interests from attack, including attacks that may occur in cyberspace. In a manner consistent with U.S. and international law, the Department of Defense seeks to deter attacks and defend the United States against any adversary that seeks to harm U.S. national interests during times of peace, crisis, or conflict. To this end the Defense Department has developed capabilities for cyber operations and is integrating those capabilities into the full array of tools that the United States government uses to defend U.S. national interests, including diplomatic, informational, military, economic, financial, and law enforcement tools. This new strategy sets prioritized strategic goals and objectives for DoD's cyber activities and missions to achieve over the next five years. It focuses on building capabilities for effective cybersecurity and cyber operations to defend DoD networks, systems, and information; defend the nation against cyberattacks of significant consequence; and support operational and contingency plans. This strategy builds on previous decisions regarding DoD's Cyber Mission Force and cyber workforce development and provides new and specific guidance to mitigate anticipated risks and capture opportunities to strengthen U.S. national security.


Cyber Strategy

Cyber Strategy
Author: Brandon Valeriano
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 321
Release: 2018
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 0190618094

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Are cyber operations as revolutionary as the headlines suggest? Do they compel rival states and alter international politics? By examining cyber strategy as a contemporary form of political warfare and covert action, this book demonstrates that the digital domain complements rather than replaces traditional instruments of power.


The Cybersecurity Dilemma

The Cybersecurity Dilemma
Author: Ben Buchanan
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 300
Release: 2017-02-01
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 0190694807

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Why do nations break into one another's most important computer networks? There is an obvious answer: to steal valuable information or to attack. But this isn't the full story. This book draws on often-overlooked documents leaked by Edward Snowden, real-world case studies of cyber operations, and policymaker perspectives to show that intruding into other countries' networks has enormous defensive value as well. Two nations, neither of which seeks to harm the other but neither of which trusts the other, will often find it prudent to launch intrusions. This general problem, in which a nation's means of securing itself threatens the security of others and risks escalating tension, is a bedrock concept in international relations and is called the 'security dilemma'. This book shows not only that the security dilemma applies to cyber operations, but also that the particular characteristics of the digital domain mean that the effects are deeply pronounced. The cybersecurity dilemma is both a vital concern of modern statecraft and a means of accessibly understanding the essential components of cyber operations.


No Shortcuts

No Shortcuts
Author: Max Smeets
Publisher: Hurst Publishers
Total Pages: 326
Release: 2022-06-02
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1787388719

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Over the past decade, numerous states have declared cyberspace as a new domain of warfare, sought to develop a military cyber strategy and establish a cyber command. These developments have led to much policy talk and concern about the future of warfare as well as the digital vulnerability of society. No Shortcuts provides a level-headed view of where we are in the militarization of cyberspace.In this book, Max Smeets bridges the divide between technology and policy to assess the necessary building blocks for states to develop a military cyber capacity. Smeets argues that for many states, the barriers to entry into conflict in cyberspace are currently too high. Accompanied by a wide range of empirical examples, Smeets shows why governments abilities to develop military cyber capabilities might change over time and explains the limits of capability transfer by states and private actors.


Bytes, Bombs, and Spies

Bytes, Bombs, and Spies
Author: Herbert Lin
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
Total Pages: 440
Release: 2019-01-15
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 0815735480

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“We are dropping cyber bombs. We have never done that before.”—U.S. Defense Department official A new era of war fighting is emerging for the U.S. military. Hi-tech weapons have given way to hi tech in a number of instances recently: A computer virus is unleashed that destroys centrifuges in Iran, slowing that country’s attempt to build a nuclear weapon. ISIS, which has made the internet the backbone of its terror operations, finds its network-based command and control systems are overwhelmed in a cyber attack. A number of North Korean ballistic missiles fail on launch, reportedly because their systems were compromised by a cyber campaign. Offensive cyber operations like these have become important components of U.S. defense strategy and their role will grow larger. But just what offensive cyber weapons are and how they could be used remains clouded by secrecy. This new volume by Amy Zegart and Herb Lin is a groundbreaking discussion and exploration of cyber weapons with a focus on their strategic dimensions. It brings together many of the leading specialists in the field to provide new and incisive analysis of what former CIA director Michael Hayden has called “digital combat power” and how the United States should incorporate that power into its national security strategy.