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The Salt Merchants of Tianjin

The Salt Merchants of Tianjin
Author: Man Bun Kwan
Publisher: University of Hawaii Press
Total Pages: 249
Release: 2001-01-01
Genre: History
ISBN: 0824865006

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For nearly four hundred years the Changlu salt merchants played a leading role in the urbanization, commercial development, and social change of the city of Tianjin. As early as the fifteenth century, this small yet important group of citizens negotiated with the state as revenue-farmers, developing and defending their businesses and customs while evolving their own urban culture. In this the first detailed study in English of the mercantile activities and social role of Tianjin's salt merchants, Kwan Man Bun reveals how they helped stabilize the city and assumed many civic responsibilities, providing relief, charities, and other services to their fellow citizenry. Although these developments resemble the emergence of an idealized "public sphere" as in Europe, Kwan makes clear that Tianjin's social changes were not grounded on "rational discourse" but rather drew their strength and continuity from merchant networks based on exclusivity, wealth, education, and kinship.


The Salt Merchants of Tianjin

The Salt Merchants of Tianjin
Author: Man Bun Kwan
Publisher: University of Hawaii Press
Total Pages: 256
Release: 2001-01-01
Genre: History
ISBN: 9780824822750

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For nearly 400 years the Changlu salt merchants played a leading role in the urbanization and social change of the city of Tianjin. This work studies the social role of the salt merchants and reveals how they helped stabilize the city and assumed many civic responsibilities.


Lineages Embedded in Temple Networks

Lineages Embedded in Temple Networks
Author: Richard G. Wang
Publisher: BRILL
Total Pages: 400
Release: 2023-11-20
Genre: History
ISBN: 1684176549

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Lineages Embedded in Temple Networks explores the key role played by elite Daoists in social and cultural life in Ming China, notably by mediating between local networks—biological lineages, territorial communities, temples, and festivals—and the state. They did this through their organization in clerical lineages—their own empire-wide networks for channeling knowledge, patronage, and resources—and by controlling central temples that were nodes of local social structures. In this book, the only comprehensive social history of local Daoism during the Ming largely based on literary sources and fieldwork, Richard G. Wang delineates the interface between local organizations (such as lineages and temple networks) and central state institutions. The first part provides the framework for viewing Daoism as a social institution in regard to both its religious lineages and its service to the state in the bureaucratic apparatus to implement state orthodoxy. The second part follows four cases to reveal the connections between clerical lineages and local networks. Wang illustrates how Daoism claimed a universal ideology and civilizing force that mediated between local organizations and central state institutions, which in turn brought meaning and legitimacy to both local society and the state.


Salt of the Earth

Salt of the Earth
Author: Ralph A. Thaxton Jr.
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Total Pages: 446
Release: 2024-03-29
Genre: History
ISBN: 0520311760

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On October 1, 1949, a rural-based insurgency demolished the Nationalist government of Chiang-kai Shek and brought the Chinese Communists to national power. How did the Chinese Communists gain their mandate to rule the countryside? In this pathbreaking study, Ralph A. Thaxton, Jr., provides a fresh and strikingly original interpretation of the political and economic origins of the October revolution. Salt of the Earth is based on direct interviews with the village people whose individual and collective protest activities helped shape the nature and course of the Chinese revolution in the deep countryside. Focusing on the Party's relationship with locally esteemed non-Communist leaders, the author shows that the Party's role is best understood in terms of its intimate connections with local collective activism and with existing modes of local protest, both of which were the product of rural people acting on their own grievances, interests, and goals. The author's collection and use of oral histories—from the last remaining eyewitnesses—and written corroborative materials is a remarkable achievement; his new interpretation of why China's rural people supported and joined the Communists in their quest for state power is dramatically different from what has come before. This book will stimulate debates on the genesis of popular mobilization and the growth of insurgency for decades to come. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1997.


City Versus Countryside in Mao's China

City Versus Countryside in Mao's China
Author: Jeremy Brown
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 269
Release: 2012-06-18
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1107024048

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A powerful work of grassroots history, tracing China's rural-urban divide back to the policies of Mao Zedong, which pitted city dwellers against villagers.


Metals, Monies, and Markets in Early Modern Societies

Metals, Monies, and Markets in Early Modern Societies
Author: Thomas Hirzel
Publisher: LIT Verlag Münster
Total Pages: 392
Release: 2008
Genre: China
ISBN: 382580822X

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The articles of this volume present the majority of papers presented on the First International Workshop of the research group "Monies, Markets and Finance in China and East Asia" held at Heidelberg 12-16 October 2006. Contributions explore the production and circulation of currencies in Qing China, Tokugawa Japan and the Ryukyu kingdom, the function of ad hoc administrative structures and the sale of offices in the Qing period, with research on Qing demography, links between global silver flows and local events, and European conceptions of the value of monetary metals providing comparative perspective.


Heart of Buddha, Heart of China

Heart of Buddha, Heart of China
Author: James Carter
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 232
Release: 2014
Genre: Biography & Autobiography
ISBN: 0199367590

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James Carter, accessing previously untapped sources, tells the story of Tanxu's life and gives first-person immediacy to one of the most turbulent periods in Chinese history.


Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions

Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions
Author: Yohei Endo
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 1474
Release: 2023-09-03
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3031396030

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This book gathers the peer-reviewed papers presented at the 13th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions (SAHC), held in Kyoto, Japan, on September 12-15, 2023. It highlights the latest advances and innovations in the field of conservation and restoration of historical and heritage structures. The conference topics encompass history of construction and building technology, theory and practice of conservation, inspection methods, non-destructive techniques and laboratory testing, numerical modeling and structural analysis, management of heritage structures and conservation strategies, structural health monitoring, repair and strengthening strategies and techniques, vernacular constructions, seismic analysis and retrofit, vulnerability and risk analysis, resilience of historic areas to climate change and hazard events, durability, and sustainability. As such the book represents an invaluable, up-to-the-minute tool, providing an essential overview of conservation of historical constructions, and offers an important platform to engineers, architects, archeologists, and geophysicists. Chapter Guidelines for Seismic Retrofitting of Earthen Historic Buildings in Peru and Latin America is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.


The Buddhist Dead

The Buddhist Dead
Author: Bryan J. Cuevas
Publisher: University of Hawaii Press
Total Pages: 505
Release: 2007-04-30
Genre: Religion
ISBN: 0824860160

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In its teachings, practices, and institutions, Buddhism in its varied Asian forms has been—and continues to be—centrally concerned with death and the dead. Yet surprisingly "death in Buddhism" has received little sustained scholarly attention. The Buddhist Dead offers the first comparative investigation of this topic across the major Buddhist cultures of India, Sri Lanka, China, Japan, Tibet, and Burma. Its individual essays, representing a range of methods, shed light on a rich array of traditional Buddhist practices for the dead and dying; the sophisticated but often paradoxical discourses about death and the dead in Buddhist texts; and the varied representations of the dead and the afterlife found in Buddhist funerary art and popular literature. This important collection moves beyond the largely text—and doctrine—centered approaches characterizing an earlier generation of Buddhist scholarship and expands its treatment of death to include ritual, devotional, and material culture. Contributors: James A. Benn, Raoul Birnbaum, Jason A. Carbine, Bryan J. Cuevas, Hank Glassman, John Clifford Holt, Matthew T. Kapstein, D. Max Moerman, Mark Rowe, Kurtis R. Schaeffer, Gregory Schopen, Koichi Shinohara, Jacqueline I. Stone, John S. Strong.13 illus.