The Role Of Women Missionaries In China At The The Time Of The Open Door Policy PDF Download
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Author | : Daniel Eckert |
Publisher | : GRIN Verlag |
Total Pages | : 9 |
Release | : 2008-09-18 |
Genre | : Literary Collections |
ISBN | : 3640169867 |
Download The role of women missionaries in China at the the time of the Open Door Policy Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Seminar paper from the year 2002 in the subject American Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 2,00, University of Regensburg (Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik), course: Hauptseminar US Foreign Policy, language: English, abstract: By 1900, some one thousand American Protestant missionaries wanted to convert the Chinese population to Christianity, but were frustrated because of the growing Chinese hostility towards strangers and because of the cultural gap, which seemed to be too great to overcome. Missionaries also pointed out Chinese backwardness by stressing typical traditions and customs like the superiority of men over women. A political circumstance for the missionaries` work was the then ongoing decline of the Qing Dynasty, the defeat in the Sino-Japanese War at the end of the nineteenth century, and the growing influence of the imperial powers that followed. To protect U.S. commerce in China and to preserve that nation`s independence, the then Secretary of State John Hay sent the imperial powers two notes which became known as the Open Door Policy. That policy is said to have been established because of the pressure of both economic and religious interest groups. But how did American missionaries interact with the Chinese people in daily life? How strong were the cultural ties between the two peoples? And finally, to what extend did the women missionaries help to westernize the Chinese value system? The question that overall arouses is about women missionaries, who turned out to be quite effective. In my eyes, their success is based on their female idiosyncracies, in connection with the circumstances under which they worked, namely the situation in America and the one in China. The situation back in the US was rather lucky: In contrast to the difficulties the missionaries had to face in China, missionary women were supported by feminists back home: Female supporters caused interest by stressing the courage and heroism of missionary women. American women also played a role since “[...] societies gathered housewives` extra pennies to add women`s subsidies to the support of the foreign missionary movement.“ (Hunter, 445) Therefore the starting feminist women`s movement and the housewives` financial aid played a very important role for women missionaries in China.
Author | : Gregory Moore |
Publisher | : Lexington Books |
Total Pages | : 253 |
Release | : 2015-05-27 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 073919996X |
Download Defining and Defending the Open Door Policy Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
There has been little examination of the China policy of the Theodore Roosevelt administration. Works dealing with the topic fall either into brief discussions in biographies of Roosevelt, general surveys of Sino-American relations, or studies of special topics, such as the Chinese exclusion issue, which encompass a portion of the Roosevelt years. Moreover, the subject has been overshadowed somewhat by studies of problems between Japan and the United States in this era. The goal of this study is to offer a more complete examination of the American relationship with China during Roosevelt’s presidency. The focus will be on the discussion of major issues and concerns in the relationship of the two nations from the time Roosevelt took office until he left, something that this book does for the first time. Greater emphasis needs to be placed on creating a more complete picture of Teddy Roosevelt and China relations, especially in regard to his and his advisers’ perceptual framework of that region and its impact upon the making of China policy. The goal of this study is to begin that process. Special attention is paid to the question of how Roosevelt and the members of his administration viewed China, as it is believed that their viewpoints, which were prejudicial, were very instrumental in how they chose to deal with China and the question of the Open Door. The emphasis on the role of stereotyping gives the book a particularly unique point of view. Readers will be made aware of the difficulties of making foreign policy under challenging conditions, but also of how the attitudes and perceptions of policymakers can shape the direction that those policies can take. A critical argument of the book is that a stereotyped perception of China and its people inhibited American policy responses toward the Chinese state in Roosevelt’s Administration. While Roosevelt’s attitudes regarding white supremacy have been discussed elsewhere, a fuller consideration of how his views affected the making of foreign policy, particularly China policy, is needed, especially now that Sino-American relations today are of great concern.
Author | : Leslie A. Flemming |
Publisher | : Routledge |
Total Pages | : 229 |
Release | : 2019-03-20 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 1000011437 |
Download Women's Work For Women Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This book grew out of a panel on women missionaries given at the 1986 meeting of the National Association for Women's Studies. When the leaders of the Woman's Foreign Mission Society of the American Presbyterian Church chose the title Woman’s Work for Woman for their mission magazine in 1870, they chose the phrase that both overseas missionaries
Author | : Wai Ching Angela Wong |
Publisher | : Hong Kong University Press |
Total Pages | : 292 |
Release | : 2018-07-17 |
Genre | : Religion |
ISBN | : 9888455923 |
Download Christian Women in Chinese Society Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Christian Women in Chinese Society: The Anglican Story expands on the long-standing debates about whether Christianity is a collaborator in or a liberating force against the oppressive patriarchal culture for women in Asia. Women have played an important role in the history of Chinese Christianity, but their contributions have yet to receive due recognition, partly because of the complexities arising out of the historical tension between Western imperialism and Chinese patriarchy. Single women missionaries and missionary spouses in the nineteenth century set the early examples of what women could do to spread the Gospel, yet they might not have intended to instill the same free spirit into their Chinese converts. The education provided to Chinese women by missionaries was expected to turn them into good wives and mothers, but knowledge empowered the students, allowing them to become full participants not only in the Church but also in the wider society. Together, the Western female missionaries and the Chinese women whom they trained explored their newfound freedom and tried out their roles with the help of each other. These developments culminated in the ordination of Florence Li Tim Oi to priesthood in 1944, a singular event that fundamentally changed the history of the Anglican Communion. At the heart of this collection lies the rich experience of those women, both Chinese and Western, who devoted their lives to the propagation of Anglicanism across different regions of mainland China and Hong Kong. Contributors make the most of the sources to reconstruct their voices and present sympathetic accounts of these remarkable women’s achievements. “This inspiring volume restores women converts and missionaries to their central place in the history of Chinese Christianity. Its critical re-evaluation of the contribution of women to the Anglican church in China reconfigures our understanding of mission and of the construct of Chinese womanhood.” —Chloë Starr, Yale University “This engaging volume provides a rounded and nuanced picture of the role of women in the history of the Anglican church in China by approaching it from multiple perspectives. A must-read for those interested in Asian Christianity or the role of women in the history of the church.” —Judith Berling, Graduate Theological Union “This wide-ranging collection offers a re-appraisal of the role of women in Anglican mission in China. Careful and detailed scholarship allows women’s often painful stories to be told afresh. Like all good collections, this book serves to challenge assumptions, stimulate research, and provoke further questions.” —Mark D. Chapman, University of Oxford
Author | : William Dean |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 412 |
Release | : 1859 |
Genre | : China |
ISBN | : |
Download The China Mission Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
"An astonishingly powerful and profoundly moving story of a young couple willing to risk everything for love that puts a human face on the ongoing debate about women's rights in the Muslim world. Zakia and Ali were from different tribes, but they grew up on neighboring farms in the hinterlands of Afghanistan. By the time they were young teenagers, Zakia, strikingly beautiful and fiercely opinionated, and Ali, shy and tender, had fallen in love. Defying their families, sectarian differences, cultural conventions, and Afghan civil and Islamic law, they ran away together only to live under constant threat from Zakia's large and vengeful family, who have vowed to kill her to restore the family's honor. They are still in hiding. Despite a decade of American good intentions, women in Afghanistan are still subjected to some of the worst human rights violations in the world. Rod Nordland, then the Kabul bureau chief of the New York Times, had watched these abuses unfold for years when he came upon Zakia and Ali, and has not only chronicled their plight, but has also shepherded them from danger. The Lovers will do for women's rights generally what Malala's story did for women's education. It is an astonishing story about self-determination and the meaning of love that illustrates, as no policy book could, the limits of Western influence on fundamentalist Islamic culture and, at the same time, the need for change."--Provided by Amazon.com.
Author | : Jeremiah Bell Jeter |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 266 |
Release | : 1849 |
Genre | : Americans |
ISBN | : |
Download A Memoir of Mrs. Henrietta Shuck, the First American Female Missionary to China Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Jane Hunter |
Publisher | : Yale University Press |
Total Pages | : 346 |
Release | : 1984-01-01 |
Genre | : Religion |
ISBN | : 0300046030 |
Download The Gospel of Gentility Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
At the turn of the century, women represented over half of the American foreign mission force and had settled in "heathen" China to preach the lessons of Christian domesticity. In this engrossing narrative, Jane Hunter uses diaries, reminiscences, and letters to recreate the backgrounds of the missionaries and the problems and satisfactions they found in China. Her book offers insights not only into the experiences of these women but also into the ways they mirrored the female culture of Victorian America. "A subtle and finely written book... [on] an aspect of the mission world in China that has never before received such probing, affectionate, detailed treatment."--Jonathan Spence, New York Review of Books "An important and often entertaining work....New angles on imperialism and gentility alike."--Martin E. Marty, Reviews in American History "A triumph of sophisticated subtle intelligence. Though quite cognizant of the dark side of the confluence of American nationalism and the missionary enterprise, Hunter's interest is in moving beyond that understanding to explore how the meeting of two cultures affected, and was shaped by, a female angle of vision."--Regina Morantz-Sanchez, Signs "Jane Hunter writes better than most novelists, and she has a topic more demanding and rewarding than the subjects many novelists deal with. Her story of the valiant and ofttimes guilt-ridden women who ventured to China, singly or with spouses, to win the country for Christ creates a world and beckons readers into it."--Christian Century
Author | : afterwards SCHUCK HALL (Henrietta) |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 282 |
Release | : 1874 |
Genre | : Missions |
ISBN | : |
Download An American Woman in China Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : A F. S |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 160 |
Release | : 1866 |
Genre | : Missions |
ISBN | : |
Download Missions to the women of China, in connexion with the Society for promoting female education in the East, by A.F.S., ed. by miss Whately Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Grace Stott |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 410 |
Release | : 1898 |
Genre | : China |
ISBN | : |
Download Twenty Six Years of Missionary Work in China Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle