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Exploration of specific properties and functions of specific members of the NF-Y family

Exploration of specific properties and functions of specific members of the NF-Y family
Author: Yanfang Wu
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
Total Pages: 126
Release: 2012-12-21
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3736943210

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Kurzbeschreibung Der eukaryotische Transkriptionsfaktor nuclear factor y (NF-Y) besteht aus den Untereinheiten A, B und C und bindet an das als CCAAT-Box bekannte cis-Element. Während in Menschen und Säugern die drei Untereinheiten von jeweils nur einem Gen kodiert werden, existieren in Arabidopsis thaliana 10, 13 und 13 Gene für die NF-Y Untereinheiten A, B und C. Für einige der pflanzlichen NF-Y Untereinheiten wurden mitunter wichtige Rollen in ganz unterschiedlichen physiologischen Prozessen beschrieben. Basierend auf vorangegangenen Expressionsstudien aller NF-Y Gene in Arabidopsis thaliana, während unterschiedlicher Entwicklungsstadien und als Antwort auf verschiedene Stresssimuli, wurden bestimmte NF-Y Gene für weitergehende Untersuchungen ausgewählt. Zum Nachweis einzelner NF-Y Untereinheiten in den entsprechenden Überexpressionspflanzen als auch im Wildtyp (WT) wurden spezifische polyklonale Antikörper erzeugt. Die Zell-spezifische Expression ausgewählter NF-Y Gene wurde anhand von Promotor::GUS Konstrukten in stabil transformierten Arabidopsis-Pflanzen analysiert. Histochemische Untersuchungen zeigten eine erhöhte GUS-Expression in NF-YB3::GUSPflanzen nach Verwundung auf. Quantitative RT-PCR Experimente deuteten auf eine Beteiligung von NF-YB3 an der spezifischen Antwort auf Wundstress hin. Zur Untersuchung der Funktion von NF-Y Untereinheiten während der zellulären Antwort auf abiotischen Stress wurde ein reverse genetic Ansatz gewählt. Die loss-of function Pflanzen nf-yb3 und nfya5 zeigten jeweils eine verspätete Blütenbildung unter Langtag-Bedingungen (LD). Demzufolge spielen NF-YB3 als auch NF-YA5 eine wichtige Rolle während der photoperiodischen Blühinduktion. Darüberhinaus zeigten Transkriptanalysen eine verminderte Expression von FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) und SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1) in nf-yb3 und nf-ya5. Diese Ergebnisse unterstreichen das existierende Modell, dass der NF-Y Komplex mit dem CONSTANS (CO) Protein interagiert und so die Blühinduktion anhand der Expression von FT in Arabidopsis reguliert. NF-A5 spielt zusätzlich auch eine Rolle während des Wachstums und der Entwicklung von Pflanzen. 35S::NF-YA5- Pflanzen waren zwergwüchsig. Diese morphologische Veränderung von NF-YA5 überexprimierenden Pflanzen kann nicht durch die exogene Gabe von Gibberelinsäure (GA) verhindert werden. Bei genauerer Untersuchung der Anatomie zeigten 35S::NF-YA5 kleinere Blattzellen als der WT. Demzufolge spielt NFYA5 eine entscheidende Rolle während des Längenwachstums von Blattzellen. Description In yeast and mammals, the transcription factor nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) is composed of the subunits A, B and C and binds to the CCAAT box cis-elements. While human and animals encode the three subunits of NF-Y each in single copy gene, Arabidopsis thaliana possesses 10, 13 and 13 genes encoding the NF-Y subunits A, B and C, respectively. A few individual plant NF-Y subunits have been described to be involved in a number of important biological processes. Based on previous expression profiles of all NF-Y genes in Arabidopsis thaliana during development and in response to stress conditions, some candidate genes for NF-Y subunits were selected for detailed analysis. Specific polyclonal antibodies raised against the selected NF-Y subunit confirmed the presence of the corresponding subunit in wild-type (WT) and overexpressor plants. The selected NF-Y genes were analyzed on their cell-specific expression pattern during plant development by using promoter::GUS fusion gene constructs in stable transformed Arabidopsis plants. Histochemical analysis revealed that the GUS expression was induced in NF-YB3::GUS plants responding to wounding. Quantitative RTPCR experiments suggested that NF-YB3 is involved in wounding stress responses. A reverse genetic approach was used to examine the functions of the NF-Y subunits under abiotic stress. The loss-of function nf-yb3 and nf-ya5 plants both exhibited delayed flowering under long-day (LD) conditions. This indicates that NF-YB3 and NF-YA5 are necessary for photoperiod-dependent flowering. Transcript analysis suggested that the expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1) was reduced in absence of NF-YB3 or NF-YA5. These results underlined the existing model, in which a NF-Y complex interacts with CONSTANS (CO) to control flowering time through regulating the expression of FT in Arabidopsis. In addition to changes in flowering time, NF-YA5 plays a role in plant growth and development. A dwarf phenotype was observed in 35S::NF-YA5 plants. These morphological alterations of NF-YA5 overexpressor plants were not rescued by the application of exogenous gibberellins (GA). The anatomical analysis revealed that the leaf cell of 35S::NF-YA5 plants was smaller than WT. This suggested that NF-YA5 plays a role in leaf cell elongation.


Plant Transcription Factors

Plant Transcription Factors
Author: Vikas Srivastava
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 478
Release: 2022-11-09
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0323908276

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Plant Transcription Factors: Contribution in Development, Metabolism, and Environmental Stress provides comprehensive coverage of plant TFs and their various functions, evaluating their crucial role in growth and development, signaling, stress management and other key plant processes. Sections cover the significance of plant TFs in functional genomics, the influence of phyto-hormones on the modulation of plant TFs, plant development and metabolism, including shoot development, flowering development and alkaloid biosynthesis. The book's final section reviews the role of TFs in various plant stresses, including temperature, water and heavy metal stress. Written by leading experts around the globe, this book is an essential read to researchers interested in plant signaling and plant genomics. Presents the latest advances in plant transcription factors and their functions Discusses the influence of phyto-hormones on the modulation of plant transcription factors Highlights the relationship between plant TFs and plant development


Plant Transcription Factors

Plant Transcription Factors
Author: Daniel H Gonzalez
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 435
Release: 2015-07-07
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0128011270

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Plant Transcription Factors: Evolutionary, Structural and Functional Aspects is the only publication that provides a comprehensive compilation of plant transcription factor families and their complex roles in plant biology. While the majority of information about transcription factors is based on mammalian systems, this publication discusses plant transcription factors, including the important aspects and unifying themes to understanding transcription factors and the important roles of particular families in specific processes. Provides an entry point for transcription factor literature Offers compilation of information into one single resource for rapid consultation on different plant transcription factor features Integrates the knowledge about different transcription factors, along with cross-referencing Provides information on the unique aspects surrounding plant transcription factors


Developing Climate-resilient Crops

Developing Climate-resilient Crops
Author: Shah Fahad
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2022
Genre: Climatic changes
ISBN: 9780367623500

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Developing Climate Resilient Crops; A window for improving global food security and safety project is timely, as the world is gradually waking up to the fact that a global food crisis of enormous proportions is brewing. Climate change is creating immense problems for the agricultural productivity worldwide, resulting in higher food prices. This book elucidates the causative aspects of climate modification related to agriculture, soil and plants, and discusses the relevant resulting mitigation process and also how new tools and resources can be used to develop climate resilient crops . Salient Features: Addresses the limits of the anthropogenic global warming theory advocated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Presents the main characters (drought tolerance, heat tolerance, water use efficiency, disease resistance, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen fixation, and carbon sequestration) necessary for climate resilient agriculture. Delivers both theoretical and practical aspects, and serves as base line information for future research. Provides valuable resource for those students engaged in the field of environmental sciences, soil sciences, agricultural microbiology, plant pathology, and agronomy. Highlights factors that are threatening future food production


Plant Abiotic Stress

Plant Abiotic Stress
Author: Matthew A. Jenks
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 288
Release: 2008-04-15
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0470994118

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Over the past decade, our understanding of plant adaptation to environmental stress has grown considerably. This book focuses on stress caused by the inanimate components of the environment associated with climatic, edaphic and physiographic factors that substantially limit plant growth and survival. Categorically these are abiotic stresses, which include drought, salinity, non-optimal temperatures and poor soil nutrition. Another stress, herbicides, is covered in this book to highlight how plants are impacted by abiotic stress originating from anthropogenic sources. The book also addresses the high degree to which plant responses to quite diverse forms of environmental stress are interconnected, describing the ways in which the plant utilizes and integrates many common signals and subsequent pathways to cope with less favorable conditions. The book is directed at researchers and professionals in plant physiology, cell biology and molecular biology, in both the academic and industrial sectors.


Plant Promoters and Transcription Factors

Plant Promoters and Transcription Factors
Author: Lutz Nover
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 279
Release: 2013-06-29
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3540480374

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The control of plant gene expression at the transcriptional level is the main subject of this volume. Genetics, molecular biology and gene technology have dramatically improved our knowledge of this event. The functional analysis of promoters and transcription factors provides more and more insights into the molecular anatomy of initiation complexes assembled from RNA polymerase and the multiplicity of helper and control proteins. Formation of specific DNA-protein complexes - activating or repressing transcription - is the crux of developmental or environmental control of gene expression. The book presents an up-to-date, critical overview of this rapidly advancing field.


Nuclear Functions in Plant Transcription, Signaling and Development

Nuclear Functions in Plant Transcription, Signaling and Development
Author: Olga Pontes
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 187
Release: 2015-06-03
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1493923862

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The genome is more than a linear code as depicted by its DNA sequences as several interacting factors play a crucial role in shaping its organization and function. The complete sequences of a number of plant genomes and the recent advances of high-throughput technologies has fueled research efforts in the field of Plant Nuclear Biology unveiling numerous insights about the mechanisms underlying genome regulation. Genomic information is being integrated into molecular- and cellular-level mechanisms of the plant processes. A host of nuclear processes underlie key developmental processes as well as biotic and abiotic interactions. Non-coding RNAs have been increasingly recognized as players in gene expression and genome defense and integrity. However, in vivo, genomes exist as elaborate physical structures, and their functional properties are strongly determined by their cellular organization. Various types of subcellular structure have been identified in the nucleus, which are associated with transcription factors, RNA processing proteins and epigenetic regulators. Interestingly, these nuclear bodies display different behaviors in response to the environment. This book compiles a series of landmark discussions of the recent advances in plant nuclear biology research focusing in the functional relevance of the arrangement of genomes and nuclear processes that impact plant physiology and development.


Transcription Factors for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants

Transcription Factors for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants
Author: Shabir Hussain Wani
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 298
Release: 2020-08-05
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0128193352

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Transcription Factors for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants highlights advances in the understanding of the regulatory network that impacts plant health and production, providing important insights for improving plant resistance. Plant production worldwide is suffering serious losses due to widespread abiotic stresses increasing as a result of global climate change. Frequently more than one abiotic stress can occur at once, for example extreme temperature and osmotic stress, which increases the complexity of these environmental stresses. Modern genetic engineering technologies are one of the promising tools for development of plants with efficient yields and resilience to abiotic stresses. Hence deciphering the molecular mechanisms and identifying the abiotic stress associated genes that control plant response to abiotic stresses is a vital requirement in developing plants with increased abiotic stress resilience. Addressing the various complexities of transcriptional regulation, this book includes chapters on cross talk and central regulation, regulatory networks, the role of DOF, WRKY and NAC transcription factors, zinc finger proteins, CRISPR/CAS9-based genome editing, C-Repeat (CRT) binding factors (CBFs)/Dehydration responsive element binding factors (DREBs) and factors impacting salt, cold and phosphorous stress levels, as well as transcriptional modulation of genes involved in nanomaterial-plant interactions. Transcription Factors for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants provides a useful reference by unravelling the transcriptional regulatory networks in plants. Researchers and advanced students will find this book a valuable reference for understanding this vital area. Discusses abiotic stress tolerance and adaptive mechanisms based on the findings generated by unlocking the transcriptional regulatory network in plants Presents various kinds of regulatory gene networks identified for drought, salinity, cold and heat stress in plants Highlights urgent climate change issues in plants and their mitigation using modern biotechnological tools including genome editing.