The Role Of Dietary N 6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids On Lipid Mediators And Inflammation In The Mouse Brain PDF Download
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| Author | : Shoug Alashmali |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2019 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download The Role of Dietary N-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Lipid Mediators and Inflammation in the Mouse Brain Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
N-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4) and n-3 PUFA as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6) are precursors to bioactive lipid mediators, which have important roles in many brain functions including inflammation. Previous studies have shown that dietary n-6 PUFA deprivation in pups can change brain ARA and DHA levels. However, the effects of n-6 PUFA deprivation on brain lipid metabolism during maternal stage has yet to be studied. Moreover, n-6 PUFA have been linked to the pathogenesis of many neurological disorders through many mechanisms, including conversion to ARA-derived lipid mediators (pro-inflammatory mediators) in the brain. Though diets low in n-6 PUFA are known to reduce levels of ARA and ARA-derived lipid mediators, no one has yet investigated the effects of lowering dietary n-6 PUFA on modulating brain inflammation and resolution in neuroinflammation. The first objective of this thesis was to examine how lowering dietary n-6 PUFA, from gestation, would change levels of hippocampal n-6 and n-3 PUFA and their lipid mediators in comparison to the offspring period. We found that maternal exposure to an n-6 PUFA deprived diet does not exacerbate the reduction in ARA and ARA-derived lipid mediators within hippocampal phospholipids (PL) relative to offspring exposure, which suggests that offspring exposure is a main regulating factor of these PUFA and their derivatives. Therefore, we used the offspring stage as the feeding period for the subsequent neuroinflammation study. Neuroinflammation was induced using intracerebroventricular injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the hippocampus was examined at several time points. Following LPS, different pro-inflammatory gene expression was associated with enrichment in gene expression categories associated with inflammation. However, these pro-inflammatory markers were not reduced by lowering dietary n-6 PUFA and importantly did not impair the resolution of neuroinflammation. In conclusion, we found that exposure of the offspring to an n-6 PUFA deprived diet was sufficient to lower the concentrations of ARA and other n-6 PUFA in hippocampal total PL. In a neuroinflammation model, the expression in gene ontology categories associated with inflammation was significantly increased and then resolved in response to LPS administration, however, irrespective of an n-6 PUFA diet.
| Author | : Marc-Olivier Trepanier |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2016 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download The Effect of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on the Resolution of Inflammation in the Rodent Brain Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Resolution of inflammation in the periphery is believed to be mediated by omega- 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) derived specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators. However, the resolution of neuroinflammation, and the role of n-3 PUFA and their specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators in the resolution of neuroinflammation have yet to be studied. Moreover, while ischemia induces the production of various mediators in the brain, this effect has yet to be demonstrated for specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators. The first objective of this thesis was to develop a lipidomic approach to measure the rodent neurolipidome without the effect of ischemia using head-focused microwave fixation. Once a lipidomic approach was developed, we attempted to develop a selfresolving model of neuroinflammation and to determine the effect of increasing brain docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on resolution of neuroinflammation. We demonstrated that microwave-fixation inhibits ischemia-induced production of bioactive mediators, including specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators, and changes in various intact lipid species. We then developed a self-resolving model of neuroinflammation using intracerebroventricular injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Following LPS injection, microglia activation peaked at 5 days and returned to baseline by 21 days. Using a microarray, we illustrated that various markers had varying time courses of inflammation. Interestingly, no neutrophil infiltration was detected. Since neutrophils carry the lipoxygenase enzyme, which produces specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators, we also did not detect specialized pro-resolving mediator production following LPS injection as measured by our new lipidomic approach combined with microwave fixation. In order to increase brain DHA, we compared a wildtype mouse fed a safflower diet deficient in n-3 PUFA to the fat-1 mouse and a wildtype mouse fed a fish oil diet high in n-3 PUFA. Increasing brain DHA resulted in modest increases in resolution of microglia activation and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 mRNA expression. However, many other inflammatory markers were unaffected by the increased brain DHA. In conclusion, we illustrated that microwave fixation inhibits the ischemiainduced changes on the rodent neurolipidome and that n-3 PUFA have small proresolving properties in a self-resolving model of neuroinflammation. These appear to be independent of specialized pro-resolving mediator production.
| Author | : Peter Quinn |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 603 |
| Release | : 2008-08-27 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1402088310 |
Download Lipids in Health and Disease Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Lipids are functionally versatile molecules. They have evolved from relatively simple hydrocarbons that serve as depot storages of metabolites and barriers to the permeation of solutes into complex compounds that perform a variety of signalling functions in higher organisms. This volume is devoted to the polar lipids and their constituents. We have omitted the neutral lipids like fats and oils because their function is generally to act as deposits of metabolizable substrates. The sterols are also outside the scope of the present volume and the reader is referred to volume 28 of this series which is the subject of cholesterol. The polar lipids are comprised of fatty acids attached to either glycerol or sphingosine. The fatty acids themselves constitute an important reservoir of substrates for conversion into families of signalling and modulating molecules including the eicosanoids amongst which are the prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leucotrienes. The way fatty acid metabolism is regulated in the liver and how fatty acids are desaturated are subjects considered in the first part of this volume. This section also deals with the modulation of protein function and inflammation by unsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives. New insights into the role of fatty acid synthesis and eicosenoid function in tumour progression and metastasis are presented.
| Author | : Udo Erasmus |
| Publisher | : Book Publishing Company |
| Total Pages | : 484 |
| Release | : 1993 |
| Genre | : Health & Fitness |
| ISBN | : 9780920470381 |
Download Fats that Heal, Fats that Kill Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
In Fats that Heal Fats that Kill, expert Udo Erasmus takes an in-depth look at the oil industry. Read about the politics of health and the way our bodies assimilate oil. Learn about modern healthful oils like flax, evening primrose and hemp.
| Author | : Graham C. Burdge |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 256 |
| Release | : 2018-05-04 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 012811231X |
Download Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism explores a number of major roles of PUFA in the body, including its role as a component of cell membranes and how it provides substrates for the synthesis of lipid second messengers. Recent studies are unraveling the effect of interactions between diet and endocrine factors and genetic and epigenetic variation on the regulation of PUFA biosynthesis in animals. Together, these recent findings provide novel insights into the impact of differences in PUFA supply on health. This book captures these findings in a manner that marks the state-of-the-art, placing them in the wider context of PUFA metabolism and nutritional science. Users will find a comprehensive discussion on the topic that presents the contributions of leading researchers who combine their knowledge to create a cohesive academic resource for researchers, those involved in production, and health policymakers. Provides a comprehensive view of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism Describes underlying metabolism on lipids that include polyunsaturated fatty acids Includes discussions on recent findings on the genetic and epigenetic regulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism
| Author | : Jean-Pierre Montmayeur |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 646 |
| Release | : 2009-09-14 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1420067761 |
Download Fat Detection Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Presents the State-of-the-Art in Fat Taste TransductionA bite of cheese, a few potato chips, a delectable piece of bacon - a small taste of high-fat foods often draws you back for more. But why are fatty foods so appealing? Why do we crave them? Fat Detection: Taste, Texture, and Post Ingestive Effects covers the many factors responsible for the se
| Author | : Ronald Ross Watson |
| Publisher | : Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 518 |
| Release | : 2019-06-12 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0128152397 |
Download Omega Fatty Acids in Brain and Neurological Health Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Research has clearly established a link between omega fatty acids and general health, particularly cardiovascular health. Omega Fatty Acids in Brain and Neurological Health, Second Edition, illustrates the importance of omega-3 fatty acids in longevity, cognitive impairment and structure and function of the brain's neurons and also the adverse effects of omega-6 fatty acids on neurological function. This book encompasses some of the most recent research on the links between omega fatty acids and the developing brain, aging, dementia, Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis, including the role of omega-3 fatty acid supplements on hippocampal neurogenesis, substantia nigra modulation, migraine headaches, the developing brain in animals, sleep and neurodegenerative diseases. This completely updated second edition focuses on the counterbalancing dietary and tissue omega-6 fatty acids as well as it studies the effects in pregnancy and early infancy, animal model studies and autoimmune neurological diseases. Provides a comprehensive introduction to omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in neurological health and directions for future research Features novel focus on the adverse effects of omega-6 fatty acids on neurological function and the counterbalancing of dietary and tissue omega-6 Illustrates the importance of omega-3 fatty acids in longevity and cognitive impairment Features new chapters on early effects in pregnancy and early infancy, animal model studies and autoimmune neurological diseases Discusses links between omega fatty acids and the developing brain, aging, dementia, Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis, including the role of omega-3 fatty acid supplements
| Author | : P.C. Calder |
| Publisher | : Elsevier Inc. Chapters |
| Total Pages | : 35 |
| Release | : 2013-09-30 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0128087102 |
Download Diet, immunity and inflammation Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This chapter discusses the influence of dietary long-chain fatty acids on aspects of inflammation including markers of the inflammatory process and functional responses of inflammatory cells. It discusses the underlying mechanisms by which fatty acids can act and places the observations made in the context of treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
| Author | : Akhlaq A. Farooqui |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2014-11-26 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 9781489983930 |
Download Beneficial Effects of Fish Oil on Human Brain Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
It is becoming increasingly evident that the deficiency of n-3 fatty acids in diet is not only associated with cardiovascular diseases, but also involved in stroke, epilepsy and other neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and peroxisomal diseases. In his newest book, Beneficial Effects of Fish Oil on Human Brain, Dr. Akhlaq A. Farooqui expands on the status and therapeutic importance of n-3 fatty acids (major components of fish oil) and their mediators in normal brain and those with neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Farooqui presents the benefits of n-3 fatty acids on Western diet, which is enriched in n-6 fatty acids (major components of vegetable oil) and may promote the above neurological disorders. The book will present readers with cutting edge and comprehensive information on metabolism and roles of neural membrane n-3 fatty acids.
| Author | : Adriano Rossi |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 246 |
| Release | : 2008-03-17 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 376437506X |
Download The Resolution of Inflammation Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This book provides readers with an up-to-date and comprehensive view on the resolution of inflammation and on new developments in this area, including pro-resolution mediators, apoptosis, macrophage clearance of apoptotic cells, possible novel drug developments.
