The Risk Assessment Guidelines of 1986
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 88 |
Release | : 1987 |
Genre | : Carcinogenicity testing |
ISBN | : |
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Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 88 |
Release | : 1987 |
Genre | : Carcinogenicity testing |
ISBN | : |
Author | : National Research Council |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 668 |
Release | : 1994-01-01 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 030904894X |
The public depends on competent risk assessment from the federal government and the scientific community to grapple with the threat of pollution. When risk reports turn out to be overblownâ€"or when risks are overlookedâ€"public skepticism abounds. This comprehensive and readable book explores how the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) can improve its risk assessment practices, with a focus on implementation of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. With a wealth of detailed information, pertinent examples, and revealing analysis, the volume explores the "default option" and other basic concepts. It offers two views of EPA operations: The first examines how EPA currently assesses exposure to hazardous air pollutants, evaluates the toxicity of a substance, and characterizes the risk to the public. The second, more holistic, view explores how EPA can improve in several critical areas of risk assessment by focusing on cross-cutting themes and incorporating more scientific judgment. This comprehensive volume will be important to the EPA and other agencies, risk managers, environmental advocates, scientists, faculty, students, and concerned individuals.
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 94 |
Release | : 1998 |
Genre | : Health risk assessment |
ISBN | : |
Author | : National Research Council |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 422 |
Release | : 2009-03-24 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 0309120462 |
Risk assessment has become a dominant public policy tool for making choices, based on limited resources, to protect public health and the environment. It has been instrumental to the mission of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as well as other federal agencies in evaluating public health concerns, informing regulatory and technological decisions, prioritizing research needs and funding, and in developing approaches for cost-benefit analysis. However, risk assessment is at a crossroads. Despite advances in the field, risk assessment faces a number of significant challenges including lengthy delays in making complex decisions; lack of data leading to significant uncertainty in risk assessments; and many chemicals in the marketplace that have not been evaluated and emerging agents requiring assessment. Science and Decisions makes practical scientific and technical recommendations to address these challenges. This book is a complement to the widely used 1983 National Academies book, Risk Assessment in the Federal Government (also known as the Red Book). The earlier book established a framework for the concepts and conduct of risk assessment that has been adopted by numerous expert committees, regulatory agencies, and public health institutions. The new book embeds these concepts within a broader framework for risk-based decision-making. Together, these are essential references for those working in the regulatory and public health fields.
Author | : United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Risk Assessment Forum |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2005 |
Genre | : Carcinogens |
ISBN | : |
These guidelines revise and replace EPA's Guidelines for carcinogen risk assessment, published in 51 FR 33992, Sept. 24, 1986, and the 1999 interim final guidelines. They provide EPA staff guidance for developing and using risk assessments.
Author | : United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water Regulations and Standards |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 456 |
Release | : 1986 |
Genre | : Water |
ISBN | : |
Section 304(a) (1) of the Clean Water Act 33 U.S.C. 1314(a) (1) requires the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to publish and periodically update ambient water quality criteria. These criteria are to accurately reflect the latest scientific knowledge (a) on the kind and extent of all identifiable effects on health and welfare including, but not limited to, plankton, fish shellfish, wildlife, plant life, shorelines, beaches, aesthetics, and recreation which may be expected from the presence of pollutants in any body of water including ground water; (b) on the concentration and dispersal of pollutants, or their byproducts, through biological, physical, and chemical processes; and (c) on the effects of pollutants on biological community diversity, productivity, and stability, including information on the factors affecting rates of eutrophication and organic and inorganic sedimentation for varying types of receiving waters. In a continuing effort to provide those who use EPA's water quality and human health criteria with up-to-date criteria values and associated information, the document was assembled. The document includes summaries of all the contaminants for which EPA has developed criteria recommendations.
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 182 |
Release | : 1996 |
Genre | : Carcinogens |
ISBN | : |
Author | : National Research Council |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 204 |
Release | : 2011-05-31 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 0309211964 |
Formaldehyde is ubiquitous in indoor and outdoor air, and everyone is exposed to formaldehyde at some concentration daily. Formaldehyde is used to produce a wide array of products, particularly building materials; it is emitted from many sources, including power plants, cars, gas and wood stoves, and cigarettes; it is a natural product in come foods; and it is naturally present in the human body as a metabolic intermediate. Much research has been conducted on the health effects of exposure to formaldehyde, including effects on the upper airway, where formaldehyde is deposited when inhaled, and effects on tissues distant from the site of initial contact. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released noncancer and cancer assessments of formaldehyde for its Intergated Risk Information System (IRIS) in 1990 and 1991, respectively. The agency began reassessing formaldehyde in 1998 and released a draft IRIS assessment in June 2010. Given the complexity of the issues and the knowledge that the assessment will be used as the basis of regulatory decisions, EPA asked the National Research Council (NRC) to conduct an independent scientific review of the draft IRIS assessment. In this report, the Committee to Review EPA's Draft IRIS Assessment of Formaldehyde first addresses some general issues associated with the draft IRIS assessment. The committee next focuses on questions concerning specific aspects of the draft assessment, including derivation of the reference concentrations and the cancer unit risk estimates for formaldehyde. The committee closes with recommendations for improving the IRIS assessment of formaldehyde and provides some general comments on the IRIS development process.
Author | : National Research Council |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 206 |
Release | : 1983-02-01 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 0309033497 |
The regulation of potentially hazardous substances has become a controversial issue. This volume evaluates past efforts to develop and use risk assessment guidelines, reviews the experience of regulatory agencies with different administrative arrangements for risk assessment, and evaluates various proposals to modify procedures. The book's conclusions and recommendations can be applied across the entire field of environmental health.
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 300 |
Release | : 1989 |
Genre | : Hazardous substances |
ISBN | : |