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Unlock the secrets of the human mind and ensure success on the Advanced Placement (AP) Psychology exam with our comprehensive guide, "AP Psychology MCQ Excellence." Dive into the fascinating world of psychology through a carefully curated collection of Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) designed to enhance your understanding of psychological principles and prepare you for exam day. ?? Key Features: Comprehensive Question Bank: Immerse yourself in a diverse array of MCQs spanning the entire AP Psychology curriculum. From biological bases of behavior to social influences, our extensive question bank covers every essential topic, ensuring that you are well-prepared for the exam. Thematic Organization: Explore the intricacies of psychology through a thematic approach that aligns with the AP curriculum. Each section is devoted to a specific theme, allowing you to delve deep into topics such as cognition, development, and abnormal psychology with clarity and focus. 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Download your digital copy today and embark on a journey to mastery in AP Psychology. 1 Psychology?s History Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1 Psychology and Its History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2 Early Approaches of Psychology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 1.3 Scientific Foundations of Psychology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 1.4 Contemporary Approaches and Psychoanalysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 1.5 Subfields in Psychology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 2 Research Methods: Thinking- Critically With Psychological Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 2.1 The Need for Psychological Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 2.2 The Scientific Method and Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 2.3 Correlation and Experimentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 2.4 Psychology Research and Ethics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 2.5 Experimental variables in psychology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 3 Biological Bases of Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 3.1 Biological Psychology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 3.2 Neurotransmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 3.3 The Nervous and Endocrine Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 3.4 Studying the Brain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 3.5 The Limbic System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 3.6 The Cerebral Cortex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 3.7 Brain Hemisphere Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296 3.8 Biology of Consciousness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 3.9 Behavior Genetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376 3.10 Predicting Individual Differences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 4 Sensation and Perception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 4.1 Basic Concepts of Sensation and Perception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 4.2 Influences on Perception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412 4.3 Vision: Sensory and Perceptual Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 4.4 Visual Organization and Interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440 4.5 Hearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443 5 States of Consciousness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 5.1 Understanding Consciousness and Hypnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 5.2 Sleep Patterns and Sleep Theories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458 5.3 Sleep Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460 5.4 Dreams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464 5.5 Psychology of sleep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481 5.6 Psychoactive Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490 6 Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495 6.1 How We Learn and Classical Conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495 6.2 Operant Conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499 6.3 Classical Conditioning vs. Operant Conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562 6.4 Learning - Principles and Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565 6.5 Biology, Cognition, and Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570 6.6 Observational Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585 7 Cognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589 7.1 Studying and Encoding Memories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589 7.2 Storing and Retrieving Memories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591 7.3 Remembering and Forgetting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593 7.4 Improving Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595 7.5 Thinking, Concepts, and Creativity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596 7.6 Thinking and Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604 8 Motivation, Emotion, and Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659 8.1 Motivational Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659 8.2 Motivational Theories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661 8.3 Hunger Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671 8.4 Motivation and Emotion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673 8.5 Theories and Physiology of Emotion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757 8.6 Motivation, Emotion, and Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 762 8.7 Stress and Illness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765 8.8 Stress and Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 778 8.9 Health and Happiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 806 8.10 Positive psychology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 806 9 Developmental Psychology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811 9.1 Developmental Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811 9.2 Prenatal Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 816 9.3 Newborn Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 820 9.4 Infancy and Childhood: Physical Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 846 9.5 Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853 9.6 Infancy and Childhood: Social Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 862 9.7 Infancy and Childhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873 9.8 Gender Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887 9.9 Adolescence: Physical and Cognitive Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . 892 9.10 Adolescence: Social Development and Emerging Adulthood . . . . . 899 9.11 Sexual Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 905 9.12 Adulthood: Physical, Cognitive, and Social Development . . . . . . . . 907 10 Personality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 923 10.1 Psychodynamic Theories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 923 10.2 Psychoanalytic Theories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 931 10.3 Humanistic Theories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 939 10.4 Trait Theories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 940 10.5 Social-Cognitive Theories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 946 11 Testing and Individual Differences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 957 11.1 Introduction to Intelligence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 957 11.2 Assessing Intelligence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 959 11.3 The Dynamics of Intelligence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 960 11.4 Studying Genetic and Environmental Influences on Intelligence . . . 963 11.5 Group Differences and the Question of Bias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 964 12 Abnormal Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 967 12.1 Introduction to Psychological Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 967 12.2 Anxiety Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1012 12.3 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1026 12.4 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1027 12.5 Bipolar Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1029 12.6 Schizophrenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1031 13 Treatment of Abnormal Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1053 13.1 Psychotherapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1053 13.2 Therapy and Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1058 13.3 Psychodynamic and Humanistic Therapies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1070 13.4 Behavior Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1071 13.5 Cognitive Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1075 13.6 Biomedical Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1078 14 Social Psychology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1081 14.1 Attribution, Attitudes, and Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1081 14.2 Conformity and Obedience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1092 14.3 Group Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1096 14.4 Prejudice and Discrimination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1110 14.5 Altruism, Conflict, and Peacemaking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1130