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The Problem of Formulating Design Problems

The Problem of Formulating Design Problems
Author: Juan Felipe Ruiz Muñoz
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
Total Pages: 164
Release: 2020-11-23
Genre: Electronic books
ISBN: 9179297374

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It is common for a design team to be handed a problem to solve for others. The handing over is normally referred to as a ‘briefing’ process, and the documentation of the starting point and what is to be done is known as a ‘brief’. It is known that the way we frame and understand a problem influences what paths we see to potential solutions. The aim of this thesis is to understand what makes a good design brief and to do so in order to create an empirically informed, and theoretically underpinned, typology of design briefs and the kind of search processes they are disposed to induce. Different bodies of literature have tried to grasp how design solves problems in order to understand designer’s behavior and ultimately facilitate or improve it. Distinctions can, and have been made, between different kinds of problem formulations, as well as different problem-solving approaches. This thesis aims to integrate two previously distinct literatures, search process from the organizational perspective developed by James G. March, Herbert A. Simon, Richard Cyert and others and Design and the Design Process from the perspectives of authors such as Donald Schön, Kees Dorst and Nigel Cross among others, to propose a typology of design briefs in order to ultimately facilitate problem formulation and subsequently facilitate the design process. The simple and immediate answer to the question of what makes a good design brief is: ‘that depends’. It depends on the design process to be followed (if there is one), it depends on the kind of goals that should be achieved, the time available, and it also depends on how much and what is known about the problem and potential solutions. Based on this, four ideal types of design briefs are articulated, including the expected associated search behavior and challenges of design teams. Det är vanligt att ett designteam får ett problem att lösa åt andra. Överlämnandet kallas normalt en ”briefing” -process och dokumentationen av utgångspunkten och vad som ska göras kallas ett ”design brief ”. Det är känt att det sätt vi ramar in och förstår ett problem påverkar vilka vägar vi ser till potentiella lösningar. Syftet med denna avhandling är att förstå vad som gör ett bra ”design brief ” och att göra det för att skapa en empiriskt informerad och teoretiskt underbyggd typologi av design brief och vilken typ av sökprocesser de uppmuntrar. Olika litteratur har försökt förstå hur design löser problem för att förstå designerns beteende och i slutändan underlätta eller förbättra det. Skillnader kan och har gjorts mellan olika typer av problemformuleringar och olika problemlösningsmetoder. Denna avhandling syftar till att integrera två tidigare distinkta litteraturområden, sökprocess ur det organisatoriska perspektivet som utvecklats av James G. March, Herbert A. Simon, Richard Cyert och andra samt Design och designprocessen ur perspektiv av författare som Donald Schön, Kees Dorst och Nigel Cross bland andra för att föreslå en typologi av design brief för att underlätta problemformulering och därmed också underlätta designprocessen. Det enkla och omedelbara svaret på frågan om vad som gör ett bra design brief är: ”det beror på”. Det beror på designprocessen som ska följas (om det finns en), det beror på vilken typ av mål som ska uppnås, den tillgängliga tiden, och det beror också på hur mycket och vad som är känt om problemet och potentiella lösningar. Baserat på detta artikuleras fyra idealtyper av design brief, inklusive det förväntade associerade sökbeteendet och utmaningar för designteam.


The Future of Engineering

The Future of Engineering
Author: Albrecht Fritzsche
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 300
Release: 2018-07-02
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 3319910299

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In a world permeated by digital technology, engineering is involved in every aspect of human life. Engineers address a wider range of design problems than ever before, raising new questions and challenges regarding their work, as boundaries between engineering, management, politics, education and art disappear in the face of comprehensive socio-technical systems. It is therefore necessary to review our understanding of engineering practice, expertise and responsibility. This book advances the idea that the future of engineering will not be driven by a static view of a closed discipline, but rather will result from a continuous dialogue between different stakeholders involved in the design and application of technical artefacts. Based on papers presented at the 2016 conference of the forum for Philosophy, Engineering and Technology (fPET) in Nuremberg, Germany, the book features contributions by philosophers, engineers and managers from academia and industry, who discuss current and upcoming issues in engineering from a wide variety of different perspectives. They cover topics such as problem solving strategies and value-sensitive design, experimentation and simulation, engineering knowledge and education, interdisciplinary collaboration, sustainability, risk and privacy. The different contributions in combination draw a comprehensive picture of efforts worldwide to come to terms with engineering, its foundations in philosophy, the ethical problems it causes, and its effect on the ongoing development of society.


Educating Engineers

Educating Engineers
Author: Sheri Sheppard
Publisher: Jossey-Bass
Total Pages: 280
Release: 2009
Genre: Education
ISBN:

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'Educating Engineers' documents a range of solutions to the dilemmas facing the field of educating engineers across all areas.


Commemorative Issue to Celebrate the Life and Work of Prof. Roger W.H. Sargent

Commemorative Issue to Celebrate the Life and Work of Prof. Roger W.H. Sargent
Author: Rafiqul Gani
Publisher: MDPI
Total Pages: 252
Release: 2020-12-29
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3039361341

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This book celebrates the life, work and influence of Professor Roger W.H. Sargent of Imperial College London. It does so through a range of original contributions that span the wide academic and industry interests of Professor Sargent. Roger Sargent passed away in late 2018, but his legacy lives on through his enormous academic tree, which traces to the early 1960s. That huge body of work has also had significant impacts on industrial practices. Roger was regarded as “the father of Process Systems Engineering (PSE)”. This area of Chemical Engineering continues to influence the modelling, design, control, optimization and integrated performance of industrial and related processes. This book highlights some of those impacts and the ongoing importance of PSE in helping to solve some of the grand challenges of our time.


Issues and Applications of Case-Based Reasoning to Design

Issues and Applications of Case-Based Reasoning to Design
Author: Mary Lou Maher
Publisher: Psychology Press
Total Pages: 355
Release: 2014-02-25
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 131777891X

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Design is believed to be one of the most interesting and challenging problem-solving activities ever facing artificial intelligence (AI) researchers. Knowledge-based systems using rule-based and model-based reasoning techniques have been applied to build design automation and/or design decision support systems. Although such systems have met with some success, difficulties have been encountered in terms of formalizing such generalized design experiences as rules, logic, and domain models. Recently, researchers have been exploring the idea of using case-based reasoning (CBR) techniques to complement or replace other approaches to design support. CBR can be considered as an alternative to paradigms such as rule-based and model-based reasoning. Rule-based expert systems capture knowledge in the form of if-then rules which are usually identified by a domain expert. Model-based reasoning aims at formulating knowledge in the form of principles to cover the various aspects of a problem domain. These principles, which are more general than if-then rules, comprise a model which an expert system may use to solve problems. Model-based reasoning (MBR) is sometimes called reasoning from first principles. Instead of generalizing knowledge into rules or models, CBR is an experience-based method. Thus, specific cases, corresponding to prior problem-solving experiences, comprise the main knowledge sources in a CBR system. This volume includes a collection of chapters that describe specific projects in which case-based reasoning is the focus for the representation and reasoning in a particular design domain. The chapters provide a broad spectrum of applications and issues in applying and extending the concept of CBR to design. Each chapter provides its own introduction to CBR concepts and principles.


Introduction to Optimum Design

Introduction to Optimum Design
Author: Jasbir Singh Arora
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 751
Release: 2004-06-02
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0080470254

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Optimization is a mathematical tool developed in the early 1960's used to find the most efficient and feasible solutions to an engineering problem. It can be used to find ideal shapes and physical configurations, ideal structural designs, maximum energy efficiency, and many other desired goals of engineering. This book is intended for use in a first course on engineering design and optimization. Material for the text has evolved over a period of several years and is based on classroom presentations for an undergraduate core course on the principles of design. Virtually any problem for which certain parameters need to be determined to satisfy constraints can be formulated as a design optimization problem. The concepts and methods described in the text are quite general and applicable to all such formulations. Inasmuch, the range of application of the optimum design methodology is almost limitless, constrained only by the imagination and ingenuity of the user. The book describes the basic concepts and techniques with only a few simple applications. Once they are clearly understood, they can be applied to many other advanced applications that are discussed in the text. Allows engineers involved in the design process to adapt optimum design concepts in their work using the material in the text Basic concepts of optimality conditions and numerical methods are described with simple examples, making the material high teachable and learnable Classroom-tested for many years to attain optimum pedagogical effectiveness


Practical Philosophy and Action Theory

Practical Philosophy and Action Theory
Author: Timo Airaksinen
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Total Pages: 306
Release: 2023-04-14
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 1000944204

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Action theory and practical philosophy have their well-grounded tradition both in Finland and in Poland. This text is a collection of PRACTICAL PHILOSOPHY AND ACTION THEORY Praxiology: The International Annual of Practical Philosophy and Methodology Volume 2. This volume is divided into three parts: the first one being, so to speak, a ‘business card’ of Finland’s contemporary practical philosophy, the second one being a ‘business card’ of the Poland’s present praxiology, and a collection of contributions from other philosophical environments related to the topics.


What an Architecture Student Should Know

What an Architecture Student Should Know
Author: Jadwiga Krupinska
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 289
Release: 2014-06-05
Genre: Architecture
ISBN: 1317755030

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It's not just you. Every architecture student is initially confused by architecture school - an education so different that it doesn't compare to anything else. A student’s joy at being chosen in stiff competition with many other applicants can turn to doubt when he or she struggles to understand the logic of the specific teaching method. Testimony from several schools of design and architecture in different countries indicates that many students feel disoriented and uncertain. This book will help you understand and be aware of: Specific working methods at architecture schools and in the critique process, so you'll feel oriented and confident. How to cope with uncertainty in the design process. How to develop the ability to synthesize the complexity of architecture in terms of function, durability, and beauty. This book is about how architects learn to cope with uncertainty and strive to master complexity. Special attention is given to criticism, which is an essential part of the design process. The author, a recipient of several educational awards, has written this book for architecture students and teachers, to describe how each student can adopt the architect's working method. Key concepts are defined throughout and references at the end of each chapter will point you to further reading so you can delve into topics you find particularly interesting. Jadwiga Krupinska is professor emerita at the School of Architecture of the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Stockholm, Sweden.


Design Theory and Methods using CAD/CAE

Design Theory and Methods using CAD/CAE
Author: Kuang-Hua Chang
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 517
Release: 2014-10-11
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 0123985161

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The fourth book of a four-part series, Design Theory and Methods using CAD/CAE integrates discussion of modern engineering design principles, advanced design tools, and industrial design practices throughout the design process. This is the first book to integrate discussion of computer design tools throughout the design process. Through this book series, the reader will: Understand basic design principles and all digital modern engineering design paradigms Understand CAD/CAE/CAM tools available for various design related tasks Understand how to put an integrated system together to conduct All Digital Design (ADD) product design using the paradigms and tools Understand industrial practices in employing ADD virtual engineering design and tools for product development The first book to integrate discussion of computer design tools throughout the design process Demonstrates how to define a meaningful design problem and conduct systematic design using computer-based tools that will lead to a better, improved design Fosters confidence and competency to compete in industry, especially in high-tech companies and design departments


Wireless Medical Systems and Algorithms

Wireless Medical Systems and Algorithms
Author: Pietro Salvo
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 243
Release: 2017-11-22
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1351830236

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Wireless Medical Systems and Algorithms: Design and Applications provides a state-of-the-art overview of the key steps in the development of wireless medical systems, from biochips to brain–computer interfaces and beyond. The book also examines some of the most advanced algorithms and data processing in the field. Addressing the latest challenges and solutions related to the medical needs, electronic design, advanced materials chemistry, wireless body sensor networks, and technologies suitable for wireless medical devices, the text: Investigates the technological and manufacturing issues associated with the development of wireless medical devices Introduces the techniques and strategies that can optimize the performances of algorithms for medical applications and provide robust results in terms of data reliability Includes a variety of practical examples and case studies relevant to engineers, medical doctors, chemists, and biologists Wireless Medical Systems and Algorithms: Design and Applications not only highlights new technologies for the continuous surveillance of patient health conditions, but also shows how disciplines such as chemistry, biology, engineering, and medicine are merging to produce a new class of smart devices capable of managing and monitoring a wide range of cognitive and physical disabilities.