The Principles Of Logic 1883 Version PDF Download

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1908 edition. Excerpt: ... Forms of Judgment. Categories. IV. Modality. 10. Problematic (S may be P) 10. Possibility and Impossibility. 11. Assertoric {S is P) 11. Existence and Non - existence. 12. Apodictic (S must be P) 12. Necessity and Contingency. Thus, by way of illustration, if I judge that 'All men are mortal, ' this is not, as I fondly imagine, because there is an actual world outside me, in which there is a race of men, all of whom have this attribute of mortality: it is because within my mind the four Categories of Totality, Reality, Substance and Accident, and Existence and Non-existence, have shaped my knowledge, and have thus produced a judgment which is universal, affirmative, categorical, and assertoric. We are not called on here to enter on a discussion of the Kantian philosophy. But apart from the more fundamental errors with which the system may be charged, the scheme of Categories, considered as an analysis of logical judgments, contains, as we have already pointed out (Ch. 3, 3, 9), serious imperfections. CHAPTER X. DEFINITION AND DIVISION. i. Definition. We are concerned in this chapter with two processes, both of which belong, not to the Logic of the Judgment, but to that of the Concept. Neither Definition nor Division, however, can be satisfactorily treated, unle ss the Predicables have previously been explained. This, therefore, seems to be the most convenient place at which to deal with them. The definition of an object is the declaration of its essential characteristics. Hence, a definition is given in the form of a proposition, in which the object defined stands as the subject, and the essential characteristics form the predicate. It is this predicate which is the definition properly so called. The discussion of the...