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The Political Economy of Organ Transplantation

The Political Economy of Organ Transplantation
Author: Hagai Boas
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Total Pages: 227
Release: 2022-09-09
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 1000643778

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“This thought-provoking work examines how the relationships of organs, tissues, and cells transferred from one body to another through donation, sale, or gift are mediated by the state, market, and family. The book is a thorough review of the sociological, anthropological, and ethical literature surrounding transplant organs but encased within the author’s own personal dilemmas and lived experience. His work skillfully underscores the negotiations and accommodations inherent in the use of these technologies and reveals the situatedness of decisions that belie any simplistic readings of the ethics of transplantations... This is a stimulating and accessible book for those with an interest in transplantation, ethics, or the social implications of medical technologies. Its strength lies in the reflexive accounts from the author of his own experience juxtaposed with the sensitive appraisals of the workings of the state, market, and family in the organ economy.” Andrea Whittaker, Monash University, reviewed for Social Forces This innovative work combines a rigorous academic analysis of the political economy of organ supply for transplantation with autobiographical narratives that illuminate the complex experience of being an organ recipient. Organs for transplantations come from two sources: living or post-mortem organ donations. These sources set different routes of movement from one body to another. Postmortem organ donations are mainly sourced and allocated by state agencies, while living organ donations are the result of informal relations between donor and recipient. Each route traverses different social institutions, determines discrete interaction between donor and recipient, and is charged with moral meanings that can be competing and contrasting. The political economy of organs for transplants is the gamut of these routes and their interconnections, and this book suggests how such a political economy looks like: what are its features and contours, its negotiation of the roles of the state, market and the family in procuring organs for transplantations, and its ultimate moral justifications. Drawing on Boas’ personal experiences of waiting, searching and obtaining organs, each autobiographical section of the book sheds light on a different aspect of the discussed political economy of organs – post-mortem donations, parental donation, and organ market – and illustrates the experience of living with the fear of rejection and the intimidation of chronic shortage. A Political Economy of Organ Transplantation is of interest to students and academics with an interest in bioethics, sociology of health and illness, medical anthropology, and science and technology studies.


New Organs Within Us

New Organs Within Us
Author: Aslihan Sanal
Publisher: Duke University Press
Total Pages: 265
Release: 2011-07
Genre: Law
ISBN: 0822349124

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An ethnographic analysis of organ transplantation in Turkey, based on the stories of kidney-transplant patients and physicians in Istanbul.


The Global Organ Shortage

The Global Organ Shortage
Author: T. Randolph Beard
Publisher: Stanford University Press
Total Pages: 261
Release: 2013-01-09
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 0804784647

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Although organ transplants provide the best, and often the only, effective therapy for many otherwise fatal conditions, the great benefits of transplantation go largely unrealized because of failures in the organ acquisition process. In the United States, for instance, more than 10,000 people die every year either awaiting transplantation, or as a result of deteriorating health exacerbated by the shortage of organs. Issues pertaining to organ donation and transplantation represent, perhaps, the most complex and morally controversial medical dilemmas aside from abortion and euthanasia. However, these quandaries are not unsolvable. This book proposes compensating organ donors within a publicly controlled monopsony. This proposal is quite similar to current practice in Spain, where compensation for cadaveric donation now occurs "in secret," as this text reveals. To build their recommendations, the authors provide a medical history of transplantation, a history of the development of national laws and waiting lists, a careful examination of the social costs and benefits of transplantation, a discussion of the causes of organ shortages, an evaluation of "partial" reforms tried or proposed, an extensive ethical evaluation of the current system and its competitors.


Non-Heart-Beating Organ Transplantation

Non-Heart-Beating Organ Transplantation
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 103
Release: 1998-01-18
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0309064244

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Non-heart-beating donors (individuals whose deaths are determined by cessation of heart and respiratory function rather than loss of whole brain function) could potentially be of major importance in reducing the gap between the demand for and available supply of organs for transplantation. Prompted by questions concerning the medical management of such donorsâ€"specifically, whether interventions undertaken to enhance the supply and quality of potentially transplantable organs (i.e. the use of anticoagulants and vasodilators) were in the best interests of the donor patientâ€"the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services asked the Institute of Medicine to examine from scientific and ethical points of view "alternative medical approaches that can be used to maximize the availability of organs from [a] donor [in an end-of-life situation] without violating prevailing ethical norms...." This book examines transplantation supply and demand, historical and modern conceptions of non-heart-beating donors, and organ procurement organizations and transplant program policies, and contains recommendations concerning the principles and ethical issues surrounding the topic.


Exchanging Human Bodily Material: Rethinking Bodies and Markets

Exchanging Human Bodily Material: Rethinking Bodies and Markets
Author: Klaus Hoeyer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 200
Release: 2013-01-05
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9400752644

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This book addresses the debate usually tagged as being about ’markets in human body parts’ which is antagonistically divided into pro-market and anti-market positions. The author provides a set of propositions about how to approach this and shows a way out of the concrete impasse of it. Assumptions about markets and bodies that characterize this debate are analyzed and described while the author argues that these assumptions are in fact constitutive for exchanges of human bodily material – but in unacknowledged ways. It is concluded that what we need is a different analytical approach to better understand the mechanisms at play when organizations exchange organs, tissues and cells for use in transplantation and fertility medicine. ​


Non-Heart-Beating Organ Transplantation; Medical and Ethical Issues in Procurement

Non-Heart-Beating Organ Transplantation; Medical and Ethical Issues in Procurement
Author: John T. Potts
Publisher: Theclassics.Us
Total Pages: 40
Release: 2013-09
Genre:
ISBN: 9781230444574

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This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1997-01 edition. Excerpt: ...freedom within some areas while setting minimum standards in others. In general, the NHBD protocols received and reviewed by the IOM have been written or approved within the last 4 years. The oldest was revised and approved in 1993, and the most recent was approved in July 1997. With respect to OPOs that have approved protocols in place, it is important to bear in mind that organs are procured from very few NHBDs (only one or two) by most OPOs each year. The fact that there are 25 OPOs with approved NHBD protocols and that UNOS reports 65 NHBDs in 1996 provides confirmation of the low rate of procurement of organs from NHBDs by most OPOs. Currently, OPOs located at hospitals tend to procure more organs from NHBDs. Review of the NHBD protocols submitted to the IOM reveals a consensus among OPOs in two areas: (1) discussion of organ donation with families and informed consent should take place only after an independent decision to withdraw life support has been made; and (2) the physician who declares death after withdrawal of support shall not be affiliated in any way with the OPO, procurement team, or transplant team. Outside of these two areas, OPO protocols for NHBDs differ greatly. Some variations are merely procedural whereas others imply ethical differences. The criteria for determining death; medical interventions, including the use of heparin and phentolamine, which are directed toward preparation for transplantation rather than donor patient care; intervention by the OPO to assess and prepare the donor before consent for donation and declaration of death; and the timing, approach, and detail of obtaining family consent--all are problematic issues discussed next in this report. A consensus on these issues, expressed in more...


Xenotransplantation International Policy Issues

Xenotransplantation International Policy Issues
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Total Pages: 108
Release: 1999-04-06
Genre:
ISBN: 9264172653

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Based on presentations, transcripts of round-table discussions and comments raised at the workshop, this book provides an overview of the field and of current regulatory frameworks and addresses the most pressing international policy considerations on xenotransplantation.