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The Political Economy of Canada's 'Widely Held' Rule for Large Banks

The Political Economy of Canada's 'Widely Held' Rule for Large Banks
Author: Eric J. Gouvin
Publisher:
Total Pages: 36
Release: 2011
Genre:
ISBN:

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When NAFTA was first adopted, both Mexico and Canada negotiated protectionist provisions designed to ensure that the largest banks in the two countries remained under domestic control. Over time the Mexican scheme has been changed by domestic legislation, but Canada clings to a protectionist policy for its largest banks (known under the Canadian regulatory scheme as quot;Schedule Iquot; banks). Under current Canadian law, no one shareholder group can own more than 10% of the stock in a Schedule I bank. This provision is known as the quot;widely heldquot; rule. Parliament is currently considering a broad revision of the Bank Act, under which the widely held rule will be liberalized, but will not be eliminated. Oddly, while the widely held rule looks like a classic piece of rent-seeking legislation designed to benefit the Canadian banking industry, in fact the big Canadian banks no longer desire the protection of the rule and would prefer that it be eliminated. Other political, economic, and social concerns in Canada, however, have weighed in favor of retaining the rule. This article examines the political economy of the widely held rule and discusses its possible future implications for Canadian banks.


The Federal Reserve System Purposes and Functions

The Federal Reserve System Purposes and Functions
Author: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2002
Genre: Banks and Banking
ISBN: 9780894991967

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Provides an in-depth overview of the Federal Reserve System, including information about monetary policy and the economy, the Federal Reserve in the international sphere, supervision and regulation, consumer and community affairs and services offered by Reserve Banks. Contains several appendixes, including a brief explanation of Federal Reserve regulations, a glossary of terms, and a list of additional publications.


Canada

Canada
Author: International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 85
Release: 2019-06-24
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1498321119

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This Financial System Stability Assessment paper discusses that Canada has enjoyed favorable macroeconomic outcomes over the past decades, and its vibrant financial system continues to grow robustly. However, macrofinancial vulnerabilities—notably, elevated household debt and housing market imbalances—remain substantial, posing financial stability concerns. Various parts of the financial system are directly exposed to the housing market and/or linked through housing finance. The financial system would be able to manage severe macrofinancial shocks. Major deposit-taking institutions would remain resilient, but mortgage insurers would need additional capital in a severe adverse scenario. Housing finance is broadly resilient, notwithstanding some weaknesses in the small non-prime mortgage lending segment. Although banks’ overall capital buffers are adequate, additional required capital for mortgage exposures, along with measures to increase risk-based differentiation in mortgage pricing, would be desirable. This would help ensure adequate through-the cycle buffers, improve mortgage risk-pricing, and limit procyclical effects induced by housing market corrections.


Bovernance and Bank Valuation

Bovernance and Bank Valuation
Author: Gerard Caprio
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Total Pages: 49
Release: 2003
Genre: Bancos
ISBN:

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"Which public policies and ownership structures enhance the governance of banks? This paper constructs a new database on the ownership of banks internationally and then assesses the ramifications of ownership, shareholder protection laws, and supervisory/regulatory policies on bank valuations. Except in a few countries with very strong shareholder protection laws, banks are not widely held, but rather families or the State tend to control banks. We find that (i) larger cash flow rights by the controlling owner boosts valuations, (ii) stronger shareholder protection laws increase valuations, and (iii) greater cash flow rights mitigate the adverse effects of weak shareholder protection laws on bank valuations. These results are consistent with the views that expropriation of minority shareholders is important internationally, that laws can restrain this expropriation, and concentrated cash flow rights represent an important mechanism for governing banks. Finally, the evidence does not support the view that empowering official supervisory and regulatory agencies will increase the market valuation of banks"--NBER website


Blumberg on Corporate Groups

Blumberg on Corporate Groups
Author: Phillip I. Blumberg
Publisher: Wolters Kluwer
Total Pages: 5804
Release: 2005-01-01
Genre: Law
ISBN: 0735542066

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This new five volume "Second Edition" of "Blumberg on


Banking Law and Regulation, 2nd Edition

Banking Law and Regulation, 2nd Edition
Author: Malloy
Publisher: Wolters Kluwer
Total Pages: 4424
Release: 2019-02-22
Genre: Labor laws and legislation
ISBN: 154380845X

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Employment Law Update, 2019 Edition analyzes recent developments in case law of interest to employment law practitioners representing plaintiffs, defendants, and labor unions and comprehensively covers recent developments in the rapidly changing employment and labor law field. Comprised of ten chapters - each written by an expert in employment law - this updated edition provides timely, incisive analysis of critical issues. Employment Law Update, 2019 Edition provides, where appropriate, checklists, forms, and guidance on strategic considerations for litigation and other forms of dispute resolution. Some of the new material discussed in this 2019 Edition includes: How the U.S. Department of Labor enforces federal whistleblower statutes Recent case law circumscribing arbitration, which can, potentially, deprive non-union workers of fundamental statutory and constitutional rights Recent German embrace of minimum wage law Efforts by legislatures, administrative agencies, courts, and public interest groups to transform the "soft law" of the U.N. Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights into "hard law" binding multinational corporations Special problems relating to aviation personnel who blow the whistle Protection for disabled veterans under the ADA and the USERRA Evolving framework for enforcing the rights of the LGBT population Transnational labor law applicable to expatriates Application of multinational firms' codes of conduct across national borders Application of differing systems of employee rights and obligations to floating employees Previous Edition: Employment Law Update, 2018 Edition ISBN 9781454898931


Regulatory Cycles: Revisiting the Political Economy of Financial Crises

Regulatory Cycles: Revisiting the Political Economy of Financial Crises
Author: Jihad Dagher
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 89
Release: 2018-01-15
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1484337743

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Financial crises are traditionally analyzed as purely economic phenomena. The political economy of financial booms and busts remains both under-emphasized and limited to isolated episodes. This paper examines the political economy of financial policy during ten of the most infamous financial booms and busts since the 18th century, and presents consistent evidence of pro-cyclical regulatory policies by governments. Financial booms, and risk-taking during these episodes, were often amplified by political regulatory stimuli, credit subsidies, and an increasing light-touch approach to financial supervision. The regulatory backlash that ensues from financial crises can only be understood in the context of the deep political ramifications of these crises. Post-crisis regulations do not always survive the following boom. The interplay between politics and financial policy over these cycles deserves further attention. History suggests that politics can be the undoing of macro-prudential regulations.


Canada

Canada
Author: International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 27
Release: 2014-03-07
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1475573480

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This paper evaluates Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) intensity and effectiveness of Federal Bank supervision in Canada. The IMF report highlights that a key element of effective supervision is a willingness to increase supervisory pressure promptly when a supervisor identifies weaknesses in an institution. The IMF funding for Canadian banks is primarily through deposits and lending focuses on traditional bank products in Canada in the personal and commercial sectors. It also highlights that one of the key characteristics of Canada is a government housing policy that has contributed to a very safe and liquid residential mortgage finance system.


The First Decade of NAFTA: The Future of Free Trade in North America

The First Decade of NAFTA: The Future of Free Trade in North America
Author: Kevin Kennedy
Publisher: BRILL
Total Pages: 674
Release: 2021-10-25
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9004481362

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This volume provides practitioners, academics and students with the first definitive coverage of NAFTA investment arbitration. Given the level of foreign direct investment within the NAFTA countries, the issue of redress for states in investment cases is a major one. The state dispute settlement mechanisms within NAFTAs Chapter Eleven are recognized as a model worthy of close examination. The experts and scholars who have contributed to this work present a comprehensive overview of the first ten years of practice in the area of investment disputes under the NAFTA provision. As in any nascent undertaking, the successes, failures and controversies that have been the experience of the state parties involved in NAFTA, are keenly reflected in the Chapter 11 cases. It is in these experiences, as described by in the chapters of this timely volume, that the readers will find substantive and procedural insights into an emerging new area of public international economic law. Many see the workings of the NAFTA agreement, particularly Chapter 11, as a Rorschach test for how state parties can approach and effectively adjudicate investment disputes. For this reason all practitioners and scholars concerned with international trade and foreign direct investment issues should consult this book. Published under the Transnational Publishers imprint.


A History of the Canadian Dollar

A History of the Canadian Dollar
Author: James Powell
Publisher:
Total Pages: 124
Release: 2005
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

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