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The Online Advertising Tax as the Foundation of a Public Service Internet

The Online Advertising Tax as the Foundation of a Public Service Internet
Author: Christian Fuchs
Publisher: University of Westminster Press
Total Pages: 104
Release: 2018-06-20
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 1911534947

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Online advertising will soon form the largest share of global advertisement revenues. Google and Facebook netted profits of US $29 billion in 2016. While these two giants control more than 66% of all online advertising revenues complex legal company structures have minimised their tax liabilities. This extended policy report considers where they should be taxed and where the value of their activities is actually created. It argues that tax paid by those platforms should be levied in the country where platform users are located when they click on or view an advertisement. Furthermore, the report examines the practical steps needed to ensure transparent accounting of taxed transactions in order to avoid long term negative effects for media and democracy. Considering counter-arguments the author makes the case for an online advertising tax alongside a public service Internet strategy that could support other viable platforms and counter the dangers of duopoly or oligopoly and the high risks of financial bubbles in a world where advertising is the Internet's dominant business model.


The Online Advertising Tax as the Foundation of Public Service Internet

The Online Advertising Tax as the Foundation of Public Service Internet
Author: Christian Fuchs
Publisher:
Total Pages: 98
Release: 2018
Genre: Internet marketing
ISBN: 9781911534952

Download The Online Advertising Tax as the Foundation of Public Service Internet Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle

Online advertising will soon form the largest share of global advertisement revenues. Google and Facebook netted profits of US $29 billion in 2016. While these two giants control more than 66% of all online advertising revenues complex legal company structures have minimised their tax liabilities. This extended policy report considers where they should be taxed and where the value of their activities is actually created. It argues that tax paid by those platforms should be levied in the country where platform users are located when they click on or view an advertisement. Furthermore, the report examines the practical steps needed to ensure transparent accounting of taxed transactions in order to avoid long term negative effects for media and democracy. Considering counter-arguments the author makes the case for an online advertising tax alongside a public service Internet strategy that could support other viable platforms and counter the dangers of duopoly or oligopoly and the high risks of financial bubbles in a world where advertising is the Internet's dominant business model.


The Online Advertising Tax as the Foundation of Public Service Internet

The Online Advertising Tax as the Foundation of Public Service Internet
Author: Christian Fuchs
Publisher:
Total Pages: 98
Release: 2018
Genre: Internet marketing
ISBN: 9781911534969

Download The Online Advertising Tax as the Foundation of Public Service Internet Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle

Online advertising will soon form the largest share of global advertisement revenues. Google and Facebook netted profits of US $29 billion in 2016. While these two giants control more than 66% of all online advertising revenues complex legal company structures have minimised their tax liabilities. This extended policy report considers where they should be taxed and where the value of their activities is actually created. It argues that tax paid by those platforms should be levied in the country where platform users are located when they click on or view an advertisement. Furthermore, the report examines the practical steps needed to ensure transparent accounting of taxed transactions in order to avoid long term negative effects for media and democracy. Considering counter-arguments the author makes the case for an online advertising tax alongside a public service Internet strategy that could support other viable platforms and counter the dangers of duopoly or oligopoly and the high risks of financial bubbles in a world where advertising is the Internet's dominant business model.


The Online Advertising Tax

The Online Advertising Tax
Author: Christian Fuchs
Publisher: University of Westminster Press
Total Pages: 33
Release: 2018-06-20
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1911534866

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Google and Facebook currently control close to two-thirds of global advertising revenue. While dominating the online advertising market, these two companies have thus far avoided paying adequate taxes. This CAMRI policy brief presents a new policy innovation, the online advertising tax. Considering the key role of user activity and user data for the value of Google and Facebook’s services, it explains how digital advertising companies’ revenues could be taxed based on the respective country in which targeted users are located. The author reviews existing policy arguments and policy options and sets out practical steps to ensure that tax avoidance by online advertising companies is mitigated. Furthermore, he illustrates how tax revenues could be used to support public service internet platforms.


The Online Advertising Tax

The Online Advertising Tax
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 33
Release: 2018
Genre: Internet marketing
ISBN: 9781911534884

Download The Online Advertising Tax Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle

Google and Facebook currently control close to two-thirds of global advertising revenue. While dominating the online advertising market, these two companies have thus far avoided paying adequate taxes. This CAMRI policy brief presents a new policy innovation, the online advertising tax. Considering the key role of user activity and user data for the value of Google and Facebook's services, it explains how digital advertising companies' revenues could be taxed based on the respective country in which targeted users are located. The author reviews existing policy arguments and policy options and sets out practical steps to ensure that tax avoidance by online advertising companies is mitigated. Furthermore, he illustrates how tax revenues could be used to support public service internet platforms.


Achieving Viability for Public Service Media in Challenging Settings

Achieving Viability for Public Service Media in Challenging Settings
Author: James Deane
Publisher: University of Westminster Press
Total Pages: 32
Release: 2020-03-04
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 1912656515

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In the face of challenges posed by a shifting digital media landscape, an array of international bodies continue to endorse public service media (PSM) as an essential component of democratisation. Yet how can PSM achieve viability in settings where models of media independence and credibility are unfamiliar or rejected by political leaders? The answer lies in a holistic approach that is neither media-centric nor defeatist about PSM’s place in a landscape marked by younger generations’ widespread preference for social media platforms. There are more ways of working towards PSM than are often recognized. Wide-ranging research from media NGOs and academics demonstrates the potential of diverse, incremental approaches to embedding the values and mechanisms of PSM. These are as likely to involve regulatory and licensing institutions, unions of media practitioners, audiences, advocacy groups or social media platforms as content producers themselves. This Policy Brief considers the issues, research and policy options around achieving viability for PSM. It concludes with six recommendations that are relevant to policymakers, practitioners and media studies specialists.


Digital Fascism

Digital Fascism
Author: Christian Fuchs
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 233
Release: 2022-03-14
Genre: Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN: 1000532666

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This fourth volume in Christian Fuchs’s Media, Communication and Society book series outlines the theoretical foundations of digital fascism and presents case studies of how fascism is communicated online. Digital Fascism presents and engages with theoretical approaches and empirical studies that allow us to understand how fascism, right-wing authoritarianism, xenophobia, and nationalism are communicated on the Internet. The book builds on theoretical foundations from key theorists such as Theodor W. Adorno, Franz L. Neumann, Erich Fromm, Herbert Marcuse, Wilhelm Reich, Leo Löwenthal, Moishe Postone, Günther Anders, M. N. Roy, and Henry Giroux. The book draws on a range of case studies, including Nazi-celebrations of Hitler’s birthday on Twitter, the ‘red scare 2.0’ directed against Jeremy Corbyn, and political communication online (Donald Trump, Boris Johnson, the Austrian presidential election). These case studies analyse right-wing communication online and on social media. Fuchs argues for the safeguarding of the democratic public sphere and that slowing down and decommodifying the logic of the media can advance and renew debate culture in the age of digital authoritarianism, fake news, echo chambers, and filter bubbles. Each chapter focuses on a particular dimension of digital fascism or a critical theorist whose work helps us to illuminate how fascism and digital fascism work, making this book an essential reading for both undergraduate and postgraduate students of media and communication studies, sociology, politics, and political economy as well as anyone who wants to understand what digital fascism is and how it works.


The Threat

The Threat
Author: Lilia Giugni
Publisher: September Publishing
Total Pages: 129
Release: 2022-11-17
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 191283698X

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Why has the digital revolution been damaging for so many women? And what can be done about it?The Threat explores today's digital capitalism through the prism of the women who are harmed by it globally. Some of them are victimised through digital devices. Others are exploited while producing them. And some don't even have access to the Internet, but are brutally raped in wars funded by the minerals that make our tablets work. With the help of individuals' stories and interviews, activist and academic Dr Lilia Giugni explores how millions of women across the world are violated, exploited and marginalised due to processes of technological change. She unpacks the tight intersections between technology, patriarchy and capitalism - exposing the profit-driven market in which our digital devices are designed and built, and the patriarchal society that shapes who gets to use them and how. Above all, Lilia Giugni gives us very practical ideas to help us take back the tech: turning technology into a truly emancipatory force and a leverage to create a better and more just future for women and for all. 'A brilliant and engaging exposé of how the forces of capitalism and patriarchy penetrate our digital world - and what women can do to fight back.' Hannah Jewell, author of ;100 Nasty Women of History


Digital Capitalism

Digital Capitalism
Author: Christian Fuchs
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 342
Release: 2021-11-30
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 1000473244

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This third volume in Christian Fuchs’s Media, Communication and Society book series illuminates what it means to live in an age of digital capitalism, analysing its various aspects, and engaging with a variety of critical thinkers whose theories and approaches enable a critical understanding of digital capitalism for media and communication. Each chapter focuses on a particular dimension of digital capitalism or a critical theorist whose work helps us to illuminate how digital capitalism works. Subjects covered include: digital positivism; administrative big data analytics; the role and relations of patriarchy, slavery, and racism in the context of digital labour; digital alienation; the role of social media in the capitalist crisis; the relationship between imperialism and digital labour; alternatives such as trade unions and class struggles in the digital age; platform co-operatives; digital commons; and public service Internet platforms. It also considers specific examples, including the digital labour of Foxconn and Pegatron workers, software engineers at Google, and online freelancers, as well as considering the political economy of targeted-advertising-based Internet platforms such as Facebook, Google, YouTube, and Instagram. Digital Capitalism illuminates how a digital capitalist society’s economy, politics, and culture work and interact, making it essential reading for both students and researchers in media, culture, and communication studies, as well as related disciplines.


Digital Finance and the Future of the Global Financial System

Digital Finance and the Future of the Global Financial System
Author: Lech Gąsiorkiewicz
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Total Pages: 195
Release: 2022-08-25
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1000630285

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This book offers an in-depth analysis of the most salient features of contemporary financial systems and clarifies the major strategic issues facing the development of digital finance. It provides insight into how the digital finance system actually works in a socioeconomic context. It presents three key messages: that digital transformation will change the financial system entirely, that the State has a particularly important role to play in the whole process and that consumers will be offered more opportunities and freedom but simultaneously will be exposed to more risk and challenges. The book is divided into four parts. It begins by laying down the fundamentals of the subsequent analysis and offers a deep understanding of digital finance, including a topology of the key technologies applied in the transformation process. The next part reviews the challenges facing the digital State in the new reality, the digitalization of public finance and the development of digitally relevant taxation systems. In the third part, digital consumer aspects are discussed. The final part examines the risks and challenges of digital finance. The authors focus their attention on three key developments in financial markets: accelerated growth in terms of the importance of algorithms, replacing existing legal regulations; the expansion of cyber risk and its growing impact and finally the emergence of new dimensions of systemic risk as a side effect of financial digitalization. The authors supplement the analysis with a discussion of how these new risks and challenges are monitored and mitigated by financial supervision. The book is a useful, accessible guide to students and researchers of finance, finance and technology, regulations and compliance in finance.