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The Nature of Diversity

The Nature of Diversity
Author: Daniel R. Brooks
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Total Pages: 682
Release: 2002-05-02
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0226075907
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All living things on earth—from individual species to entire ecosystems—have evolved through time, and evolution is the acknowledged framework of modern biology. Yet many areas of biology have moved from a focus on evolution to much narrower perspectives. Daniel R. Brooks and Deborah A. McLennan argue that it is impossible to comprehend the nature of life on earth unless evolution—the history of organisms—is restored to a central position in research. They demonstrate how the phylogenetic approach can be integrated with ecological and behavioral studies to produce a richer and more complete picture of evolution. Clearly setting out the conceptual, methodological, and empirical foundations of their research program, Brooks and McLennan show how scientists can use it to unravel the evolutionary history of virtually any characteristic of any living thing, from behaviors to ecosystems. They illustrate and test their approach with examples drawn from a wide variety of species and habitats. The Nature of Diversity provides a powerful new tool for understanding, documenting, and preserving the world's biodiversity. It is an essential book for biologists working in evolution, ecology, behavior, conservation, and systematics. The argument in The Nature of Diversity greatly expands upon and refines the arguments made in the authors' previous book Phylogeny, Ecology, and Behavior.

Biology's First Law

Biology's First Law
Author: Daniel W. McShea
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Total Pages: 186
Release: 2010-07-15
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0226562271
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Life on earth is characterized by three striking phenomena that demand explanation: adaptation—the marvelous fit between organism and environment; diversity—the great variety of organisms; and complexity—the enormous intricacy of their internal structure. Natural selection explains adaptation. But what explains diversity and complexity? Daniel W. McShea and Robert N. Brandon argue that there exists in evolution a spontaneous tendency toward increased diversity and complexity, one that acts whether natural selection is present or not. They call this tendency a biological law—the Zero-Force Evolutionary Law, or ZFEL. This law unifies the principles and data of biology under a single framework and invites a reconceptualization of the field of the same sort that Newton’s First Law brought to physics. Biology’s First Law shows how the ZFEL can be applied to the study of diversity and complexity and examines its wider implications for biology. Intended for evolutionary biologists, paleontologists, and other scientists studying complex systems, and written in a concise and engaging format that speaks to students and interdisciplinary practitioners alike, this book will also find an appreciative audience in the philosophy of science.

Human Natures

Human Natures
Author: Paul R. Ehrlich
Publisher: Penguin
Total Pages: 545
Release: 2001-12-31
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0142000531
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Why do we behave the way we do? Biologist Paul Ehrlich suggests that although people share a common genetic code, these genes "do not shout commands at us...at the very most, they whisper suggestions." He argues that human nature is not so much result of genetic coding; rather, it is heavily influenced by cultural conditioning and environmental factors. With personal anecdotes, a well-written narrative, and clear examples, Human Natures is a major work of synthesis and scholarship as well as a valuable primer on genetics and evolution that makes complex scientific concepts accessible to lay readers.

The Work of Nature

The Work of Nature
Author: Yvonne Baskin
Publisher: Shearwater Books
Total Pages: 296
Release: 1997-02
Genre: Nature
ISBN:
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The lavish array of organisms known as "biodiversity" is an intricately linked web that makes the Earth a uniquely habitable plane. In this book, a noted science writer examines the threats posed to humans by the loss of biodiversity and explains key findings from the ecological sciences. It is the first book of its kind to clearly explains the practical consequences of declining biodiversity of ecosystem hjealth and function and, consequently, on human society.

Bayou-Diversity

Bayou-Diversity
Author: Kelby Ouchley
Publisher: LSU Press
Total Pages: 290
Release: 2011-10-10
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0807138614
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Louisiana's bayous and their watersheds teem with cypress trees, alligators, crawfish, and many other life forms. From Bayou Tigre to Half Moon Bayou, these sluggish streams meander through lowlands, marshes, and even uplands to dominate the state's landscape. In Bayou-Diversity, conservationist Kelby Ouchley reveals the bayou's intricate web of flora and fauna. Through a collection of essays about Louisiana's natural history, Ouchley details an amazing array of plants and animals found in the Bayou State. Baldcypress, orchids, feral hogs, eels, black bears, bald eagles, and cottonmouth snakes live in the well over a hundred bayous of the region. Collectively, Ouchley's vignettes portray vibrant and complex habitats. But human interaction with the bayou and our role in its survival, Ouchley argues, will determine the future of these intricate ecosystems. Bayou-Diversity narrates the story of the bayou one flower, one creature at a time, in turn illustrating the bigger picture of this treasured and troubled Louisiana landscape.

Evolution's Rainbow

Evolution's Rainbow
Author: Joan Roughgarden
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Total Pages: 491
Release: 2013-09-14
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0520957970
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In this innovative celebration of diversity and affirmation of individuality in animals and humans, Joan Roughgarden challenges accepted wisdom about gender identity and sexual orientation. A distinguished evolutionary biologist, Roughgarden takes on the medical establishment, the Bible, social science—and even Darwin himself. She leads the reader through a fascinating discussion of diversity in gender and sexuality among fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals, including primates. Evolution's Rainbow explains how this diversity develops from the action of genes and hormones and how people come to differ from each other in all aspects of body and behavior. Roughgarden reconstructs primary science in light of feminist, gay, and transgender criticism and redefines our understanding of sex, gender, and sexuality. Witty, playful, and daring, this book will revolutionize our understanding of sexuality. Roughgarden argues that principal elements of Darwinian sexual selection theory are false and suggests a new theory that emphasizes social inclusion and control of access to resources and mating opportunity. She disputes a range of scientific and medical concepts, including Wilson's genetic determinism of behavior, evolutionary psychology, the existence of a gay gene, the role of parenting in determining gender identity, and Dawkins's "selfish gene" as the driver of natural selection. She dares social science to respect the agency and rationality of diverse people; shows that many cultures across the world and throughout history accommodate people we label today as lesbian, gay, and transgendered; and calls on the Christian religion to acknowledge the Bible's many passages endorsing diversity in gender and sexuality. Evolution's Rainbow concludes with bold recommendations for improving education in biology, psychology, and medicine; for democratizing genetic engineering and medical practice; and for building a public monument to affirm diversity as one of our nation's defining principles.

Diversity Across the Disciplines

Diversity Across the Disciplines
Author: Audrey J. Murrell
Publisher: IAP
Total Pages: 351
Release: 2019-12-01
Genre: Education
ISBN: 1641139218
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Diversity research and scholarship has evolved over the past several decades and is now reaching a critical juncture. While the scholarship on diversity and inclusion has advanced within various disciplines and subdisciplines, there have been limited conversations and collaborations across distinct areas of research. Theories, paradigms, research models and methodologies have evolved but continue to remain locked within specific area, disciplines, or theoretical canons. This collaborative edited volume examines diversity across disciplines in higher education. Our book brings together contributions from the arts, sciences, and professional fields. In order to advance diversity and inclusion across campuses, multiple disciplinary perspectives need to be acknowledged and considered broadly. The current higher education climate necessitates multicultural and interdisciplinary collaboration. Global partnerships and technological advances require faculty, administrators, and graduate students to reach beyond their disciplinary focus to achieve successful programs and research projects. We need to become more familiar discussing diversity across disciplines. Our book investigates diversity across disciplines with attention to people, process, policies, and paradigms. The four thematic categories of people, process, policies, and paradigms describe the multidisciplinary nature of diversity and topics relevant to faculty, administrators, and students in higher education. The framework provides a structure to understand the ways in which people are impacted by diversity and the complicated process of engaging with diversity in a variety of contexts. Policies draw attention to the dynamic nature of diversity across disciplines and paradigms presents models of diversity in research and education.

Perils of Diversity

Perils of Diversity
Author: Byron M. Roth
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2017-08-03
Genre:
ISBN: 9780998845906
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This is the abridged and revised edition of Dr. Byron Roth's popular book, Perils of Diversity: Immigration and Human Nature, improved with more frequent chapter divisions, concise language and narrowed focus. During the past four decades, Europe and the United States have undergone and continue to undergo demographic changes of unprecedented proportions. The public debate on immigration (if one takes place at all) is between "assimilation" and "multiculturalism," in other words, between encouraging immigrants to adopt host cultures or maintain ethnic loyalties and boundaries. But is the assimilation of different races and cultures into Western societies possible or desirable? Moreover, can any multicultural or multiracial nation-state achieve lasting social harmony? Such questions are critical and consequential, and yet they have become increasingly unspeakable. In The Perils of Diversity, Byron M. Roth brings a much-need perspective to the immigration debate the science of human nature. Any policy of mass immigration, Roth argues, will be profoundly constrained by the fundamental features of human psychology. Prominent among these are heritable differences in intelligence and behavior, as well as the natural tendency toward trusting one s own extended kin group and being suspicious of and sometimes hostile towards others. Roth explores the history of immigration into Europe and the United States and addresses the disturbingly undemocratic nature of the regime of mass immigration, which is imposed on the citizens of Western nations in defiance of their clearly expressed wishes. The chasm between elite views and public opinion is so stark that current policies can only be maintained by an increasingly totalitarian suppression of dissent, one that undermines the foundations and identities of Western societies.

Governing Diversities

Governing Diversities
Author: Joanne Paul
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Total Pages: 215
Release: 2012-11-30
Genre: History
ISBN: 1443843571
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The question of how to govern diverse populations has been at the core of political thought from ancient times to the present. The contributors to this volume address this fundamental issue by engaging with the history of ideas regarding democracy, diversity and human nature, from the political thought of Xenophon in ancient Greece to practices of Zapatista governance in modern-day Mexico. Drawn from papers originally presented at the first two meetings of the London Graduate Conference in the History of Political Thought, this volume brings together the innovative contributions of graduate students in the history of political thought and political theory with commentary provided by the fields’ leading scholars to consider this essential question.

Biocultural Diversity Conservation

Biocultural Diversity Conservation
Author: Luisa Maffi
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 313
Release: 2012-09-10
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 1136544267
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The field of biocultural diversity is emerging as a dynamic, integrative approach to understanding the links between nature and culture and the interrelationships between humans and the environment at scales from the global to the local. Its multifaceted contributions have ranged from theoretical elaborations, to mappings of the overlapping distributions of biological and cultural diversity, to the development of indicators as tools to measure, assess, and monitor the state and trends of biocultural diversity, to on-the-ground implementation in field projects. This book is a unique compendium and analysis of projects from all around the world that take an integrated biocultural approach to sustaining cultures and biodiversity. The 45 projects reviewed exemplify a new focus in conservation: this is based on the emerging realization that protecting and restoring biodiversity and maintaining and revitalizing cultural diversity and cultural vitality are intimately, indeed inextricably, interrelated. Published with Terralingua and IUCN