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| Author | : Omer Call Stewart |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 47 |
| Release | : 1961 |
| Genre | : Indians of North America |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Thomas C. Maroukis |
| Publisher | : University of Oklahoma Press |
| Total Pages | : 296 |
| Release | : 2012-11-08 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : 0806185961 |
Despite challenges by the federal government to restrict the use of peyote, the Native American Church, which uses the hallucinogenic cactus as a religious sacrament, has become the largest indigenous denomination among American Indians today. The Peyote Road examines the history of the NAC, including its legal struggles to defend the controversial use of peyote. Thomas C. Maroukis has conducted extensive interviews with NAC members and leaders to craft an authoritative account of the church’s history, diverse religious practices, and significant people. His book integrates a narrative history of the Peyote faith with analysis of its religious beliefs and practices—as well as its art and music—and an emphasis on the views of NAC members. Deftly blending oral histories and legal research, Maroukis traces the religion’s history from its Mesoamerican roots to the legal incorporation of the NAC; its expansion to the northern plains, Great Basin, and Southwest; and challenges to Peyotism by state and federal governments, including the Supreme Court decision in Oregon v. Smith. He also introduces readers to the inner workings of the NAC with descriptions of its organizational structure and the Cross Fire and Half Moon services. The Peyote Road updates Omer Stewart’s classic 1987 study of the Peyote religion by taking into consideration recent events and scholarship. In particular, Maroukis discusses not only the church’s current legal issues but also the diminishing Peyote supply and controversies surrounding the definition of membership. Today approximately 300,000 American Indians are members of the Native American Church. The Peyote Road marks a significant case study of First Amendment rights and deepens our understanding of the struggles of NAC members to practice their faith.
| Author | : Phillip M. White |
| Publisher | : Bloomsbury Publishing USA |
| Total Pages | : 164 |
| Release | : 2000-09-30 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : 0313097127 |
The largest religion begun, organized, and directed by and for Native Americans, Peyotism includes the use of peyote in its ceremonies. As a sacred plant of divine origin, peyote use was well established in religious rituals in pre-Columbian Mexico. Toward the end of the 19th century Peyotism spread to the Indians of Texas and the Southwest, and it spread rapidly in the United States after the subsidence of the Ghost Dance. It persists today among Native Americans in Northern Mexico, the United States, and Southern Canada. Possibly because of the controversy over peyote use, a lot has been written about the Native American Church. This bibliography provides a useful guide for scholars, students, and Native Americans who want to research Peyotism. The bibliography includes books and book chapters, master's theses, Ph.D. dissertations, magazine and journal articles, conference papers, museum publications, U.S. government publications, audiovisual materials, and World Wide Web sites. In addition, it includes selected articles from newspapers, law reviews, medical and psychiatric journals, and scientific journals that provide information on Peyotism. A valuable research guide, the bibliography will help to provide a greater understanding of the history, ceremonies, and significance of the pan-Indian religion.
| Author | : Omer Call Stewart |
| Publisher | : University of Oklahoma Press |
| Total Pages | : 476 |
| Release | : 1987 |
| Genre | : Religion |
| ISBN | : 9780806124575 |
Describes the peyote plant, the birth of peyotism in western Oklahoma, its spread from Indian Territory to Mexico, the High Plains, and the Far West, its role among such tribes as the Comanche, Kiowa, Kiowa-Apache, Caddo, Wichita, Delaware, and Navajo Indians, its conflicts with the law, and the history of the Native American Church.
| Author | : Sarah E. Robertson |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 125 |
| Release | : 2012 |
| Genre | : Indians of North America |
| ISBN | : |
Though much of Indian and Anglo relations have been characterized by white domination, an examination of the legal issues surrounding the Native American Church and the use of peyote present a hopeful picture for Indians in their modern day battle with the government. Through the U.S. legal system, Indians incorporated their organization and adeptly asserted their rights to freely practice their religion under the First Amendment. Since the time of initial Anglo contact, American Indians have reshaped their spiritual life as both sides exchanged, influenced, or eliminated various aspects of each culture. The peyote religion and the organization of The Native American Church (NAC) serves as an example of an institution that evolved out of Anglo, and specifically Christian, influence on Indian religious life. In the twentieth century, American Indians used the structure of the NAC to accommodate aspects of Christianity along with traditional Indian religious practices, which included the use of the peyote drug, in religious ceremonies. The NAC, though a cultural blend of Anglo and Indian religions, met with opposition by state and federal law due to the controversial use of peyote as a sacrament. An examination of the court cases and legal issues between the Native American Church and state and federal governments, with a focus on the 1960s to the 1990s, illustrates Indians uniting in a pan-Indian organization, growing in power, and achieving legal victories. Through participation in Indian activism, the Native American Church became a formidable force in the courtroom as Indians advocated for the rights promised to them as U.S. citizens, while at the same time fought to maintain their unique heritage. Ultimately, Indians and Anglos continued to communicate and exchange their culture as they did during initial contact. However, in the twentieth century the terms of communication shifted to the legal realm. Indians became the victors as they used the system that once subjugated them to their advantage to assert their religious rights to the ceremonial use of peyote.
| Author | : Garrett Epps |
| Publisher | : University of Oklahoma Press |
| Total Pages | : 298 |
| Release | : 2012-11-19 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : 0806185554 |
The story of the constitutional showdown over Native Americans’ religious use of peyote With the grace of a novel, this book chronicles the six-year duel between two remarkable men with different visions of religious freedom in America. Neither sought the conflict. Al Smith, a substance-abuse counselor to Native Americans, wanted only to earn a living. Dave Frohnmayer, the attorney general of Oregon, was planning his gubernatorial campaign and seeking care for his desperately ill daughters. But before this constitutional confrontation was over, Frohnmayer and Smith twice asked the U.S. Supreme Court to decide whether the First Amendment protects the right of American Indians to seek and worship God through the use of peyote. The Court finally said no. Garrett Epps tracks the landmark case from the humblest hearing room to the Supreme Court chamber—and beyond. This paperback edition includes a new epilogue by the author that explores a retreat from the ruling since it was handed down in 1990. Weaving fascinating legal narrative with personal drama, Peyote vs. the State offers a riveting look at how justice works—and sometimes doesn’t—in America today.
| Author | : Omer C. Stewart |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 27 |
| Release | : 1961 |
| Genre | : Indians of North America |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Fannie Kahan |
| Publisher | : Univ. of Manitoba Press |
| Total Pages | : 226 |
| Release | : 2016-05-06 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0887555063 |
In 1956, pioneering psychedelic researchers Abram Hoffer and Humphry Osmond were invited to join members of the Red Pheasant First Nation near North Battleford, Saskatchewan, to participate in a peyote ceremony hosted by the Native American Church of Canada. Inspired by their experience, they wrote a series of essays explaining and defending the consumption of peyote and the practice of peyotism. They enlisted the help of Hoffer’s sister, journalist Fannie Kahan, and worked closely with her to document the religious ceremony and write a history of peyote, culminating in a defense of its use as a healing and spiritual agent. Although the text shows its mid-century origins, with dated language and at times uncritical analysis, it advocates for Indigenous legal, political, and religious rights and offers important insights into how psychedelic researchers, who were themselves embattled in debates over the value of spirituality in medicine, interpreted the peyote ceremony. Ultimately, they championed peyotism as a spiritual practice that they believed held distinct cultural benefits. A Culture’s Catalyst revives a historical debate. Revisiting it now encourages us to reconsider how peyote has been understood and how its appearance in the 1950s tested Native-newcomer relations and the Canadian government’s attitudes toward Indigenous religious and cultural practices.
| Author | : Huston Smith |
| Publisher | : Clear Light Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 184 |
| Release | : 1997-10 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : |
This inspirational book celebrates the faith and courage of members of a traditional church that -- in 20th century America -- still struggling for religious freedom. Their Greatest challenge is the ongoing legal battle against the 1990 Supreme Court decision citing peyote use to deny the Native American Church the First Amendment right to 'the free exercise of religion'. Legislation providing an exemption to the Native American Church was overturned by the Supreme Court in 1997. The eloquent personal testimony offered by Church members from many different tribes demonstrates the spiritual strength of this religious tradition and makes it clear that peyote is not used to obtain 'visions' but to heal the body and spirit and to teach righteousness. Peyote meetings play, which stress abstinence from alcohol, truthfulness, family obligations, economic self-suffering, service, and prayer. This book is important reading for any one who cares about spiritual values, political process, and the individual's freedom to worship according to the dictates of conscience.
| Author | : Paul B. Steinmetz, S.J. |
| Publisher | : Syracuse University Press |
| Total Pages | : 274 |
| Release | : 1998-12-01 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : 9780815605577 |
When Paul B. Steinmetz worked among the Oglala Lakota in South Dakota, he prayed with the Sacred Pipe, conversed with medicine men, and participated in their religious ceremonies. Steinmetz describes the history, belief systems, and contemporary ceremonies of three religious groups among the Oglala Lakota: traditional Lakota religion, the Native American Church, and the Body of Christ Independent Church, a small Pentecostal group. On the basis of these descriptions, Steinmetz discusses the interdynamics of Pipe, Bible, and Peyote, and offers a model for understanding Oglala religious identity. Steinmetz maintains that a sense of sacramentalism is essential in understanding Native American religions and that the mutual influence between Lakota religion and Christianity has been far more extensive than most scholars have suggested.
