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The Military and the News Media: The Coorientation Measurement Model Applied to Military-News Media Relations

The Military and the News Media: The Coorientation Measurement Model Applied to Military-News Media Relations
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 70
Release: 1996
Genre:
ISBN:

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When U.S. forces engage foreign enemies in combat, a relationship between the U.S. military and the press evolves. The news media strive to represent the unmitigated facts of combat to the U.S. public. The military, however, although agreeing to the principle and necessity of open and independent coverage of events, at times places restrictive measures on the freedom of information for the safety and security of American forces. The conflicting goals, roles, and objectives of each institution affect the nature of the military-news media relationship. As such, there is the possibility that differing perceptions held by each institution concerning relevant attributes of the relationship may affect the overall association. This study applied the coorientation measurement model to the military-news media relationship to isolate differing perceptions held by each institution. The study examined three relevant attributes of the relationship: (1) a prepublication security review of news material (censorship); (2) access to combat zones; and (3) the future of the relationship. The study used a one-page questionnaire mailed to 232 news-media professionals with experience covering military operations and 212 military professionals with experience dealing with the news media.


The Military and the News Media

The Military and the News Media
Author: Hugh Colquitt Cate
Publisher:
Total Pages: 122
Release: 1996
Genre: Armed Forces and mass media
ISBN:

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The study examined three relevant attributes of the relationship [between the military and the media]: (a) a prepublication security review of news material (censorship); (b) access to combat zones; and (c) the future of the relationship. The study used a one-page questionnaire mailed to 232 news-media professionals with experience covering military operations and 212 military professionals with experience dealing with the news media.


The Military-news Media Relationship

The Military-news Media Relationship
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 1993
Genre: Armed Forces and mass media
ISBN:

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Over the course of the next six months, the Strategic Studies Institute will examine the impact of the media's technological advances on strategic and operational level planning and policymaking, first in an overseas theater, and subsequently on decisions made at the national level. The first of these two studies recognizes the complexity of executing military operations under the scrutiny of a very responsive, high technology world news media. Given the volatile, unstable, and ambiguous environment in which armed forces can find themselves, the actions of field forces have a greater chance than ever before of affecting subsequent strategic decisions made at higher levels. The pressure on field commanders to "get it right the first time" is demonstrably greater than ever. The author intends that these thoughts provide commanders with an understanding of the high technology and competitive news media environment they can expect to experience and offers specific suggestions for successfully communicating with reporters.


The Role of Public Affairs in the Military - Media Relationship

The Role of Public Affairs in the Military - Media Relationship
Author: Adriane B. Craig
Publisher:
Total Pages: 273
Release: 2000-04-01
Genre: Armed Forces and mass media
ISBN: 9781423536826

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The image of public relations, and particularly government public relations, is often linked to thoughts of press agentry and propaganda (Brown, 1976; Cutlip, 1995; Cutlip, Center, & Broom, 2000; Lesly, 1988), and journalists seem to agree with this association (Ryan & Martinson, 1985; Stegall & Sanders, 1986). As a result, a "media-public relations struggle' (Cutlip, 1976, p. 6) ensues, despite the reliance each has upon the other to do their jobs effectively (Bishop, 1988; Brown, 1976; Cutlip, 1976; Gieber & Johnson, 1961; Shea & Gulick, 1997; Sietel, 1992). This mutually-dependent relationship is especially important to the Department of Defense (Baroody, 1999, Braestrup, 1991), which considers the news media "the principal means of communicating information about the military to the general public" (Joint Pub 3-61, p. vi) and measures the effectiveness of the military public affairs program upon its ability to communicate with various publics to maintain awareness and support of the Defense Department (Public Affairs Handbook, 1991). Each of the branches of the armed forces - the Air Force, Army, Navy, and Marine Corps - has a distinct public affairs structure, including how they designate public affairs officers (Public Affairs Handbook, 1991). With the exception of the Marine Corps, which follows Navy guidelines, each branch also has their own set of regulations and policies.


THE MILITARY AND PUBLIC RELATIONS ? Issues, Strategies and Challenges

THE MILITARY AND PUBLIC RELATIONS ? Issues, Strategies and Challenges
Author: Col. (rtd) John Adache PhD
Publisher: Author House
Total Pages: 221
Release: 2014
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1496982355

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Public Relations practice, its approaches and methods have become widely and deeply entrenched in business, government and in many other complex organizations especially in the developed nations of the world. In same manner, its relevance and utility as tool of institutional promotion have equally come to be appreciated in the Armed Forces. The text therefore, within context of the evolution, growth and development of the broad discipline of Public Relations appropriately situates its practice in the military. It articulates and highlights in-depth, the many aspects to public relations practice in the armed Forces drawing examples extensively from especially the experiences of the United States and UK Armed Services. Divided into Four Parts, the book examines the role of the Military in society and traces the evolution of modern public Relations and its development in the military. Under 'Public Relations Principles, Approaches and Practice", it analyses the role and function of public relations in the interface of military and society, and further highlight the purpose of military public relations, its targets, strategies and tactics. It examines Public Relations practice in the Nigerian Military including public perception and management. Current and topical Issues in Public Relations and Communication such as 'Technology, the Military and Public Relations', 'Social Media, Public Relations and the Military', 'Security Threats, Crisis Management and the Role of Communications', and 'Challenges to Military Public Relations Practice' were analyzed. The book finally concludes with 'The Importance of Military Public Relations in a Democratic Society'. Given the perpetual need to constantly `keep the military in the public eye', the book strongly posits that it is appropriate that public relations be properly positioned as the strategic machinery through which the military could seek to identify with the people and invariably, national interest in order for them to render accounts of their performances and seek informed public support as obtains in developed democracies. This book will be a useful source of reference to especially military public relations officers and indeed all military officers across the world. It further should bring forth better insight to the understanding by the civilian populace, communications professionals, and research scholars specializing in military public relations or public affairs operating in diverse regions of the world.


Public Affairs

Public Affairs
Author: William M. Hammond
Publisher:
Total Pages: 438
Release: 1988
Genre: Political Science
ISBN:

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This book examines the tensions and controversies that developed as the war lengthened and the news media went about their traditional tasks. The first of two volumes on the subject, it draws upon previously unavailable Army and Defense Department records to interpret the role the press played during the war.--[foreword].


The Military-News Media Relationship: Thinking Forward

The Military-News Media Relationship: Thinking Forward
Author: Charles W. Ricks
Publisher:
Total Pages: 38
Release: 2012-12-09
Genre:
ISBN: 9781481207300

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One of the realities of modern military operations has been that they are often subjected to intense scrutiny by the international news media. Under most circumstances, the deployment of U.S. forces attracts large numbers of print and broadcast journalists dedicated to providing their audiences with near real-time information of varying accuracy and completeness. This extraordinary availability of information may well affect the agenda of the executive and legislative branches of government and have important impacts on military decision makers in operational theaters.


The Media and the Military

The Media and the Military
Author: P. Young
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 399
Release: 1997-10-13
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 0230376800

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The first comprehensive study of the contentious issue of the public's right to know in time of war or limited conflict. The book traces the uneasy relations between the military and a generally unprepared and gullible media, from the Crimea to the present day. It shows how the advent of nuclear warfare has outlawed the nationalistic wars of survival of the past, and freed the citizen from his age-old obligations in time of war, able to make up his or her own mind on the merits of the situation. It is here that the battle lies, in the struggle for public opinion as a necessary precursor to war. This book details how the military discovered the secret of media and public manipulation in the Falklands, tested it in Grenada, and refined it in Panama before deploying it in all its glory during the Gulf. This book is essential reading for every soldier and journalist, or any student of military history as it points the way to the future.


Public Relations in the Military

Public Relations in the Military
Author: Bob Pritchard
Publisher: Business Expert Press
Total Pages: 192
Release: 2022-11-17
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1637424086

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This book takes an in-depth look at the function of public relations as it exists in the U.S. military in the 21st Century. There have been several books and journal articles covering the military/media relationship but none that delve into breadth and depth of the responsibilities of today’s military public affairs officer. This book discusses the concept and foundations of military public affairs (relations), the changing strategic landscape in communications, operational planning and execution and the people who practice military public affairs. The goal is to broaden knowledge and understanding of this vital, but little discussed, area of public relations among civilian and military public relations and communications professionals, faculty and staff in public relations programs, military leaders, as well as the U.S. civilian populace, and research scholars specializing in military public relations or public affairs operations.


The Military and the Media

The Military and the Media
Author: William V. Kennedy
Publisher: Praeger
Total Pages: 0
Release: 1993-07-30
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0275941914

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This book is the first about military-media relations to argue for a fundamental restructuring of national journalism and the first to document the failure of American journalism in the national security field for the past thirty years. Press complaints of excessive control by the military during the Persian Gulf War of 1990-91 were the inevitable result of the failure of American journalism to train competent specialists in military reporting and to provide an organizational structure that would assure continuing, comprehensive coverage of national defense in peace and war. This, in turn, is the result of retaining the city-room concept as the basic organizational feature of the press, with continuing reliance on the generalist in an age that demands increasingly well-trained specialists. So long as the press fails to modernize its basic methods of training to assure well-trained defense specialists, the military will be required to closely control reporters, as in the Persian Gulf War, as a basic requirement of security for armed forces members and the national interests. Permitting the military to control how the military itself is reported is a grave danger to the democratic process. Yet, so long as the press refuses to accept responsibility for large-scale reform, the public will continue to support close military control as an essential element of safety for its sons and daughters in the armed forces, and out of concern for the success of U.S. military operations. This book will be of interest to students of the press, of the military, and of the media at large.