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The Middle-Income Trap in Central and Eastern Europe

The Middle-Income Trap in Central and Eastern Europe
Author: Yaman Kouli
Publisher: Berghahn Books
Total Pages: 258
Release: 2023-11-10
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1805393952

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Since the 1990s, the economic development of Central and Eastern Europe has maintained high economic growth rates, seemingly leading to an era of prosperity. This very positive vision of future economic success, linked to current political backlash and a long history of economic adversity, is a thin veil of the economic “way west” for so-called transition countries. The Middle-Income Trap in Central and Eastern Europe examines the reality of the diminishing marginal utility of further international investments alongside the pitfalls of higher government spending to cultivate innovation which ultimately makes foreign capital less attractive. In this volume authors from diverse disciplinary perspectives reflect on current debates surrounding the developmental bottlenecks in East-Central Europe. Their common goal is to analyze the manner of socio-economic transformation, question of the relevance and impact of the “middle-income trap” and identify possible ways to escape it.


Emerging European Economies after the Pandemic

Emerging European Economies after the Pandemic
Author: László Mátyás
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 610
Release: 2022-03-11
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 3030939634

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This edited volume examines the development path of eight Central and Eastern European countries with an overlapping historical background that joined the European Union between 2004 and 2013, and identifies the main similarities and differences between the countries concerned. Based on wide comparative data analysis of Bulgaria, Croatia, The Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia, each chapter in the volume provides detailed information about the state of the economy in a specific area preceding the pandemic shock. The book offers a detailed snapshot of the state of the different areas of the economy, starting from the time when the countries concerned came out of the 2008 financial crisis, up to the date when COVID-19 hit. Further, each chapter analyzes the effects of this unprecedented shock on a particular field, which is followed by highlighting the main problems the countries are facing at present and in the near future, together with identifying the available policy options. Finally, before concluding and making general and country-specific policy recommendations, some thoughts will be given to longer-term prospects. More specifically, the question of how the subject area could contribute to avoiding the "middle-income-trap" that this region may be facing will be addressed. The comprehensive approach makes this volume a must-read for scholars and students of economics, as well as policy decision-makers in Europe, interested in a better understanding of the region's economic development.


Emerging European Economies After the Pandemic

Emerging European Economies After the Pandemic
Author: László Mátyás
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2022
Genre:
ISBN: 9783030939649

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This edited volume examines the development path of eight Central and Eastern European countries with an overlapping historical background that joined the European Union between 2004 and 2013, and identifies the main similarities and differences between the countries concerned. Based on wide comparative data analysis of Bulgaria, Croatia, The Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia, each chapter in the volume provides detailed information about the state of the economy in a specific area preceding the pandemic shock. The book offers a detailed snapshot of the state of the different areas of the economy, starting from the time when the countries concerned came out of the 2008 financial crisis, up to the date when COVID-19 hit. Further, each chapter analyzes the effects of this unprecedented shock on a particular field, which is followed by highlighting the main problems the countries are facing at present and in the near future, together with identifying the available policy options. Finally, before concluding and making general and country-specific policy recommendations, some thoughts will be given to longer-term prospects. More specifically, the question of how the subject area could contribute to avoiding the "middle-income-trap" that this region may be facing will be addressed. The comprehensive approach makes this volume a must-read for scholars and students of economics, as well as policy decision-makers in Europe, interested in a better understanding of the region's economic development.


How Not to Get Stuck in the Middle Lessons for the Commonwealth of Independent States from Central and Eastern Europe

How Not to Get Stuck in the Middle Lessons for the Commonwealth of Independent States from Central and Eastern Europe
Author: Kamil Pruchnik
Publisher:
Total Pages: 29
Release: 2017
Genre:
ISBN:

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The aim of this paper is to analyze how different models of transformation in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) increased or decreased the risk of being stuck in the middle-income trap (MIT). The key finding is that the CEE and CIS countries are, from a definition point of view, not materially at risk of the MIT as out of nine selected MIT definitions, none of the CEE or CIS countries were “stuck” more than three times. At the same time, the CEE countries are more at risk of falling into the MIT than the CIS countries; however this is because the CIS is a poorer region and is not near the lower MIT thresholds. The CEE countries had a better start at the beginning of the transformation and on average implemented a better set of transformation models; however, some CEE countries are now struggling to permanently join the advanced countries and CIS countries are, on average, far behind that. The literature review on transformation models and the analysis of the “jumps” in the World Bank ranking classification suggest that while the MIT is not a concern for CEE or CIS countries, in order to speed up convergence, CIS countries might consider more shocks and consistently following free market related approaches. The study fills a gap in the literature on the MIT which has thoroughly analyzed the Asian and Latin American countries but has provided little analysis of the CEE and CIS countries.


Growth Slowdowns and the Middle-Income Trap

Growth Slowdowns and the Middle-Income Trap
Author: Mr.Shekhar Aiyar
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 64
Release: 2013-03-20
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1484315804

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The “middle-income trap” is the phenomenon of hitherto rapidly growing economies stagnating at middle-income levels and failing to graduate into the ranks of high-income countries. In this study we examine the middle-income trap as a special case of growth slowdowns, which are identified as large sudden and sustained deviations from the growth path predicted by a basic conditional convergence framework. We then examine their determinants by means of probit regressions, looking into the role of institutions, demography, infrastructure, the macroeconomic environment, output structure and trade structure. Two variants of Bayesian Model Averaging are used as robustness checks. The results—including some that indeed speak to the special status of middle-income countries—are then used to derive policy implications, with a particular focus on Asian economies.


Demographic Headwinds in Central and Eastern Europe

Demographic Headwinds in Central and Eastern Europe
Author: Cristina Batog
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 119
Release: 2019-07-15
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 1498319769

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The populations of Central and Eastern European (CESEE) countries—with the exception of Turkey—are expected to decrease significantly over the next 30 years, driven by low or negative net birth rates and outward migration. These changes will have significant implications for growth, living standards and fiscal sustainability.


The World beyond the West

The World beyond the West
Author: Mariusz Kałczewiak
Publisher: Berghahn Books
Total Pages: 259
Release: 2022-03-11
Genre: History
ISBN: 1800733534

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No matter how one defines its extent and borders, Eastern Europe has long been understood as a liminal space, one whose undeniable cultural and historical continuities with Western Europe have been belied by its status as an “Other” in the Western imagination. Across illuminating and provocative case studies, The World beyond the West focuses on the region’s ambiguous relationship to historical processes of colonialism and Orientalism. In exploring encounters with distant lands through politics, travel, migration, and exchange, it places Eastern Europe at the heart of its analysis while decentering the most familiar narratives and recasting the history of the region.


Income Convergence Between Central and Eastern Europe and Western Europe Following the Cold War

Income Convergence Between Central and Eastern Europe and Western Europe Following the Cold War
Author: Rüçhan Kamil Altun
Publisher:
Total Pages: 31
Release: 2017
Genre:
ISBN:

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As a result of the Cold War and the isolation of East and West Europe from each other there have been sizeable income disparities between both regions with Eastern Europe ultimately lagging behind significantly. Since the fall of the Soviet Union Eastern European countries sought closer political relations and economic integration with West Europe leading to relative income convergence between both regions and to the formation of regional convergence clubs. This paper studies absolute and relative per capita income convergence between 237 Western and Central and Eastern European regions over the period 1997-2011 using a Markov chain analysis. The results confirm relative income convergence towards income classes between 40-85% and 85-115% of the average per capita income. Furthermore it shows that, hypothetically, on average it will take about 27.5 years for non-EU East European countries, 14.5 years for EU East European countries, and 5 years for Southern EU countries to catch-up with current Western European per capita income levels. In the steady-state 81% of all regions will have at least $45,000 per capita income. However, some of these results may be too optimistic or problematic and are therefore prone to criticism.


An East Asian Renaissance

An East Asian Renaissance
Author: Indermit Singh Gill
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Total Pages: 386
Release: 2007
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 082136748X

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An East Asian Renaissance, by a World Bank team led by Chief Economist for East Asia & Pacific, Dr Homi Kharas and Economic Adviser, Dr Indermit Gill is the first comprehensive analysis of the new forces and challenges at play in the region since the Bank's seminal report of 1993, The East Asian Miracle. The report argues that regional flows of goods, finance and technology are helping even smaller East Asian countries reap the benefits of economies of scale and that this regional integration must be encouraged. But it also points out that these measures have to be supported by actions at the domestic level to ease the stresses and strains that rapid economic growth leaves in its wake. East Asia must now turn to the urgent domestic challenges of inequality, social cohesion, corruption and environmental degradation arising from its economic success.