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Zumarraga and the Mexican Inquisition, 1536-1543

Zumarraga and the Mexican Inquisition, 1536-1543
Author: Richard E. Greenleaf
Publisher: Pickle Partners Publishing
Total Pages: 360
Release: 2018-12-01
Genre: Travel
ISBN: 1789124778

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the inquisitorial activities of Don Fray Juan de Zumárraga, first Bishop and Archbishop of Mexico, 1528-1548. Zumárraga served as Apostolic Inquisitor in the bishopric of Mexico from 1536 to 1542, when he was superseded in that office by the Visitor General, Francisco Tello de Sandoval, largely because he had relaxed Don Carlos, the cacique of Texcoco, to the secular arm for burning, an act regarded as rash by the authorities in Spain. Throughout this essay an attempt is made to relate the Inquisition to the political and intellectual life of early sixteenth-century Mexico. Zumárraga is pictured as the defender of orthodoxy and the stabilizer of the spiritual conquest in Mexico. The relationship of the individual and of society collectively with the Holy Office of the Inquisition is stressed. With the exception of background materials, this study is based entirely upon primary sources, trial records which for the most part have lain unstudied since the sixteenth century. In all, two years of research in the Ramo de la Inquisición of the Archivo General de la Nación in Mexico City were consumed in ferreting out these materials. Subsidiary investigations in other sections of the Mexican archives were made in order to place the Inquisition materials in their proper perspective.—Richard E. Greenleaf


The Martyr

The Martyr
Author: Martin A. Cohen
Publisher:
Total Pages: 402
Release: 1973
Genre: Biography & Autobiography
ISBN:

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Traces the history of Luis de Carvajal the Younger and his family in Spain, their migration to the New World, their religious practices, and their adventures in New Spain until one by one they were put to flight or indicted by the Inquisition. Luis himself was burned at the stake in 1596 at the age of thirty. He left behind not only his legacy as an exemplary secret Jew but also valuable literary documents--his memoirs, his last will and testament, and his letters to his mother and sisters in the inquisitorial prison.


The Inquisition of Francisca

The Inquisition of Francisca
Author: Francisca de los Apóstoles
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Total Pages: 225
Release: 2007-11-01
Genre: History
ISBN: 0226142256

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Inspired by a series of visions, Francisca de los Apóstoles (1539-after 1578) and her sister Isabella attempted in 1573 to organize a beaterio, a lay community of pious women devoted to the religious life, to offer prayers and penance for the reparation of human sin, especially those of corrupt clerics. But their efforts to minister to the poor of Toledo and to call for general ecclesiastical reform were met with resistance, first from local religious officials and, later, from the Spanish Inquisition. By early 1575, the Inquisitional tribunal in Toledo had received several statements denouncing Francisca from some of the very women she had tried to help, as well as from some of her financial and religious sponsors. Francisca was eventually arrested, imprisoned by the Inquisition, and investigated for religious fraud. This book contains what little is known about Francisca—the several letters she wrote as well as the transcript of her trial—and offers modern readers a perspective on the unique role and status of religious women in sixteenth-century Spain. Chronicling the drama of Francisca's interrogation and her spirited but ultimately unsuccessful defense, The Inquisition of Francisca—transcribed from more than three hundred folios and published for the first time in any language—will be a valuable resource for both specialists and students of the history and religion of Spain in the sixteenth century.


Death by Effigy

Death by Effigy
Author: Luis R. Corteguera
Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press
Total Pages: 242
Release: 2012-09-05
Genre: History
ISBN: 081220705X

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On July 21, 1578, the Mexican town of Tecamachalco awoke to news of a scandal. A doll-like effigy hung from the door of the town's church. Its two-faced head had black chicken feathers instead of hair. Each mouth had a tongue sewn onto it, one with a forked end, the other with a gag tied around it. Signs and symbols adorned the effigy, including a sambenito, the garment that the Inquisition imposed on heretics. Below the effigy lay a pile of firewood. Taken together, the effigy, signs, and symbols conveyed a deadly message: the victim of the scandal was a Jew who should burn at the stake. Over the course of four years, inquisitors conducted nine trials and interrogated dozens of witnesses, whose testimonials revealed a vivid portrait of friendship, love, hatred, and the power of rumor in a Mexican colonial town. A story of dishonor and revenge, Death by Effigy also reveals the power of the Inquisition's symbols, their susceptibility to theft and misuse, and the terrible consequences of doing so in the New World. Recently established and anxious to assert its authority, the Mexican Inquisition relentlessly pursued the perpetrators. Lying, forgery, defamation, rape, theft, and physical aggression did not concern the Inquisition as much as the misuse of the Holy Office's name, whose political mission required defending its symbols. Drawing on inquisitorial papers from the Mexican Inquisition's archive, Luis R. Corteguera weaves a rich narrative that leads readers into a world vastly different from our own, one in which symbols were as powerful as the sword.


Anthology of Religious Poetry from the Mexican Inquisition Trials of 16th-Century CryptoJews

Anthology of Religious Poetry from the Mexican Inquisition Trials of 16th-Century CryptoJews
Author: Mark A. Schneegurt
Publisher: OpenCharm LLC
Total Pages: 140
Release: 2020-12-08
Genre: Poetry
ISBN:

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Complete Collection of Poetry and Prayers from the Carvajal Clan of Jews in Colonial Mexico City Presented in Spanish with Full English Translation Jewish Martyrs – Burned at the Stake for the Laws of Moses All of the Poetry from the Original Inquisition Trial Transcripts of Luis de Carvajal, el Mozo Leonor de Andrada Isabel Rodríguez Justa Mendez Francesca de Carvajal Manuel de Lucena and Leonor de Cáceres With excerpts from the trials of Sebastián Rodríguez, Lic. Manuel López de Morales, Francisco López Blandón, and others. Cantico 6 from Leonor de Carvajal Cuan suave cossa es deleytossa muy mas que nayde save ymaginar sequir aquella via muy gloriossa por donde Dios nos manda caminar toda la ley de Dios es muy sabrossa y aquel que la ossare blasfemar blasfemados sera en aquella vida a donde no ay tiempo cierto ni medida... How pleasant it is, how delightful, much more than anybody knows to imagine to follow this very glorious path whereby God commands us to walk; the whole law of God is very pleasant, and he who dares to blaspheme, cursed will they be in that life where there is no certain time nor measure... Keeping Judaism Alive After 100 Years in Exile A century after being expelled from Portugal, cryptoJews in Mexico, false converts to Christianity, could not speak of their beliefs for fear of becoming embroiled in the imprisonment, torture, and death in flames that characterized the Inquisition. Without written texts, the Jewish liturgy lost, clans of cryptoJews created a unique body of religious poetry, connecting them to the Laws of Moses, seeking redemption from sin, or hoping for an escape from their embittered lives. The Carvajal clan was led by Luis el Mozo, an alumbrado, a mystic, and his Judaizing sisters. Once discovered to be secretly practicing Judaism, years of suffering at the hands of the Inquisitors were meticulously recorded in the transcripts of their long demeaning trials. The Carvajal's friends, spouses, children and grandchildren were implicated as Judaizers, with many being reconciled by the Church to secular authorities to be burned alive at massive public ceremonies. The burning of Luis and his sisters was the main attraction for cheering crowds at the auto de fé of 1596 in Mexico City. The cruelty of the Inquisitors was matched by their attention to legal detail and testimonies made at trial. Buried within thousands of pages of transcripts, hiding in library special collections of rare books around the world are the only remnants of the religious poetry that sustained cryptoJews hiding in Mexico. Anthology uncovers these hidden treasures! Keeping Judaism Alive Today, 400 Years Later There is intrinsic historical value in preserving this richest cultural remnant of a Jewish sect from the risk and obscurity of single-copy documents in library special collections. The poems are moving and beautiful, depicting a deep faith in the Lord and a constant striving to live more virtuously to gain His favor. Poems from the tongues of Jewish martyrs, that gave up everything, including their lives, withstanding torture and years of imprisonment, but refusing to abandon the Laws of Moses.


The Inquisition of Francisca

The Inquisition of Francisca
Author: Gillian T. W. Ahlgren
Publisher:
Total Pages: 195
Release: 2005
Genre: Inquisition
ISBN:

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Cultural Encounters

Cultural Encounters
Author: Mary Elizabeth Perry
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Total Pages: 309
Release: 2024-07-26
Genre: History
ISBN: 0520377419

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More than just an expression of religious authority or an instrument of social control, the Inquisition was an arena where cultures met and clashed on both shores of the Atlantic. This pioneering volume examines how cultural identities were maintained despite oppression. Persecuted groups were able to survive the Inquisition by means of diverse strategies—whether Christianized Jews in Spain preserving their experiences in literature, or native American folk healers practicing medical care. These investigations of social resistance and cultural persistence will reinforce the cultural significance of the Inquisition. Contributors: Jaime Contreras, Anne J. Cruz, Jesús M. De Bujanda, Richard E. Greenleaf, Stephen Haliczer, Stanley M. Hordes, Richard L. Kagan, J. Jorge Klor de Alva, Moshe Lazar, Angus I. K. MacKay, Geraldine McKendrick, Roberto Moreno de los Arcos, Mary Elizabeth Perry, Noemí Quezada, María Helena Sanchez Ortega, Joseph H. Silverman This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1995.