The Logic of Preference
Author | : Georg Henrik Wright |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 80 |
Release | : 1963 |
Genre | : Ethics |
ISBN | : |
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Author | : Georg Henrik Wright |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 80 |
Release | : 1963 |
Genre | : Ethics |
ISBN | : |
Author | : N.J. Moutafakis |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 304 |
Release | : 1987-09-30 |
Genre | : Mathematics |
ISBN | : |
With characteristic incisiveness Georg Henrik von Wright identifies pro haireticIogic (i. e. the logic of preference) as the core of a general theory of value concepts. Essentially, this nucleus involves the logical study of acts from the point of view of their preferability. 1 (italics added) Though the term prohairesis is found in Plato, as well as in Aristotle's treatment of the relations of preference, it is von Wright who introduces this word into contemporary analytical philoso phy, and succinctly specifies the philosophical dimensions it encompasses. The above emphasis upon the philosophical study of the formalization of preferences is a matter of utmost importance for understanding the type of in quiry this investigation attempts to initiate. Over the past one hundred years the literature on general theories of subjective utility has become massive, where one considers the work done in psychometrics, econometrics, statistical theories, probability theories, etc., etc. Histories in these areas are strong in tracing various evolutions in the development of the concept of preference in decision-making. However, what has not been investigated with sustained at tention are the fundamentally philosophical inquiries into the formalization of preference-relations.
Author | : Till Grüne-Yanoff |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 273 |
Release | : 2009-06-11 |
Genre | : Philosophy |
ISBN | : 9048125936 |
Changing preferencesis a phenomenonoften invoked but rarely properlyaccounted for. Throughout the history of the social sciences, researchers have come against the possibility that their subjects’ preferenceswere affected by the phenomenato be explainedor by otherfactorsnot taken into accountin the explanation.Sporadically, attempts have been made to systematically investigate these in uences, but none of these seems to have had a lasting impact. Today we are still not much further with respect to preference change than we were at the middle of the last century. This anthology hopes to provide a new impulse for research into this important subject. In particular, we have chosen two routes to amplify this impulse. First, we stress the use of modellingtechniquesfamiliar from economicsand decision theory. Instead of constructing complex, all-encompassing theories of preference change, the authors of this volume start with very simple, formal accounts of some possible and hopefully plausible mechanism of preference change. Eventually, these models may nd their way into larger, empirically adequate theories, but at this stage, we think that the most importantwork lies in building structure.Secondly,we stress the importance of interdisciplinary exchange. Only by drawing together experts from different elds can the complex empirical and theoretical issues in the modelling of preference change be adequately investigated.
Author | : Bengt Hansson |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 34 |
Release | : 1970 |
Genre | : Logic |
ISBN | : |
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 67 |
Release | : 1971 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Yasusuke Murakami |
Publisher | : Routledge |
Total Pages | : 144 |
Release | : 2014-09-19 |
Genre | : Social Science |
ISBN | : 131765157X |
How is a social decision made out of individual members' decisions? This is one of the primary questions in the social sciences. Logic and Social Choice provides an answer to the topic by the application of mathematical logic. Yasusuke Murakami formulates social decision-making in logical terms, and shows that an analysis of social decision is equivalent to a logical calculus in many-valued logic. The logical conditions are then derived for various types of societies, especially for democracy. This foundation enables the author to discuss such topics as the relation between direct democracy and the representative system, a comparison of various rules of election, and the stability of social decision. The main conclusion is that inconsistency or paradox is inherent not only in voting and in democracy itself, but also in any piecemeal social decision-making.
Author | : Tim M. Callahan |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 118 |
Release | : 1976 |
Genre | : Choice (Psychology) |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Georg Henrik von Wright |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 1963 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Fenrong Liu |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 202 |
Release | : 2011-05-30 |
Genre | : Philosophy |
ISBN | : 9400713444 |
Our preferences determine how we act and think, but exactly what the mechanics are and how they work is a central cause of concern in many disciplines. This book uses techniques from modern logics of information flow and action to develop a unified new theory of what preference is and how it changes. The theory emphasizes reasons for preference, as well as its entanglement with our beliefs. Moreover, the book provides dynamic logical systems which describe the explicit triggers driving preference change, including new information, suggestions, and commands. In sum, the book creates new bridges between many fields, from philosophy and computer science to economics, linguistics, and psychology. For the experienced scholar access to a large body of recent literature is provided and the novice gets a thorough introduction to the action and techniques of dynamic logic.
Author | : Souhila Kaci |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 204 |
Release | : 2011-06-20 |
Genre | : Computers |
ISBN | : 3642172806 |
Preferences are useful in many real-life problems, guiding human decision making from early childhood up to complex professional and organizational decisions. In artificial intelligence specifically, preferences is a relatively new topic of relevance to nonmonotonic reasoning, multiagent systems, constraint satisfaction, decision making, social choice theory and decision-theoretic planning The first part of this book deals with preference representation, with specific chapters dedicated to representation languages, nonmonotonic logics of preferences, conditional preference networks, positive and negative preferences, and the study of preferences in cognitive psychology. The second part of the book deals with reasoning with preferences, and includes chapters dedicated to preference-based argumentation, preferences database queries, and rank-ordering outcomes and intervals. The author concludes by examining forthcoming research perspectives. This is inherently a multidisciplinary topic and this book will be of interest to computer scientists, economists, operations researchers, mathematicians, logicians, philosophers and psychologists.