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The Law of Armed Conflict and the Nigerian Military Modus Operandi: the Boko Haram Terrorism in Perspctive

The Law of Armed Conflict and the Nigerian Military Modus Operandi: the Boko Haram Terrorism in Perspctive
Author: Chris S. Idiaghe
Publisher:
Total Pages: 319
Release: 2021-04-25
Genre:
ISBN:
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PRODUCT DESCRIPTION.This book provides researchers, students, military and security personnel, legal expert in both domestic and international criminal cases and the general public with an in-depth understanding of the main causes of Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria, and why the terrorist group initially targeted Christians in the wake of their operations.The Boko Haram terrorism is an evidence of decades of corruption and failed leadership in Nigeria, most especially among northern politicians, which also includes issues of religious fundamentalism and extremism that are often associated with most northern youth. In this regard, the author revealed documentary evidence about the atrocities of the Boko Haram terrorists, identified it various supporting cells and the sponsors of the Boko Haram terrorist group.The readers will understand why some domestic and foreign ethnic and religious groups, including Al-Qaeda and Al-Shabaab gave Boko Haram the necessary material support such as weapons, monetary donations and monthly contributions from some northern Nigerian politicians to destabilised President Goodluck Jonathan administration in the years under review. The book also gave a vivid account about the capabilities and operations of the Nigerian military in comparison to the U.S and Israeli counter terrorism operations in Vietnam, Afghanistan, Iraq and the Gaza Strip. In addition, primary and secondary sources of evidence were provided to help readers grasp the main aim and objectives of the "Shura Council", which is the grand strategic body that coordinates the Boko Haram terrorist attacks in Nigeria. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER FOUR BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY AREA4.1Overview--------4.1.1Advent of Boko Haram------4.1.24.2 4.2.14.2.24.3 Causes of Terrorism in the North East of Nigeria---4.3.1Religious Extremism and Fundamentalism----4.3.2Unemployment and Poverty-----4.3.3Corruption and Illiteracy-------4.4Tactical Onslaught of Boko Haram Terrorism in theNorth East of Nigeria-------4.4.1Suicide Bombing/Propaganda----4.4.2Hit and Run Tactics / Ambush------4.4.3Abduction / Kidnapping-------4.5 Nigerian Military Modus Operandi in CounterTerrorism Operation in the North East of Nigeria---4.5.1MNJTF Organisation Manoeuvrist Tactics in GuerillaOperation---------4.5.2MNJTF Defence and Stability Operation (Complex BattlePosition)---------4.5.3MNJTF Offensive Operation against Boko Haram---4.6International Humanitarian Law and Counter Terrorism in theNorth East of Nigeria-------4.6.1Nigerian Military Counter Terrorism operation andInternational Humanitarian Law-----4.6.2Boko Haram Terrorism and International HumanitarianLaw---------4.7Critique of the Nigerian Military Modus Operandi inCombating Terrorism in the North East of Nigeria----4.7.1Ground Forces--------4.7.2Air Power--------4.7.3The Rules of Engagement under the Law of Armed Conflictand Modus Operandi of Special Forces----4.7.4Intelligence Warfare------4.7.5Military Technology and Special Forces Operations--4.7.6. Nigerian Military equipment.ABOUT THE AUTHORChris Nosagie Solomon Idiaghe is a 'Counter-Terrorist and Explosive Ordnance Combatant' with the Nigerian Defence, and a "Member of Course 1, Counter-Terrorism and Irregular Warfare" from the Nigerian Army Peace Keeping Centre Jaji, Kaduna. Over the years, he has contributed extensively to the field of International Criminal Law, Defence and Strategic Studies. Presently, he is engaged in a doctoral research in "Law and Policy".Please, for comments and contributions, you can reach the author [email protected]

Boko Haram and International Law

Boko Haram and International Law
Author: John-Mark Iyi
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 431
Release: 2018-06-27
Genre: Law
ISBN: 3319749579
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This book focuses on Boko Haram and terrorism in Nigeria, framing the conflict in an international law context. It analyses the nature of political violence and the dominant roles of a violent nation-state (in both colonial and post-colonial experiences) and the rise of terrorism in Nigeria. The book unearths embedded evidence of religious nepotism on the part of state officials using such state institutions as Islamic Preaching Boards to promote one Islamic sect over another in mainly Muslim Northern Nigeria. The book offers insights into this subtle sectarian divide and how this and other ‘subterranean’ elements have contributed to the rise of Boko Haram in Northern Nigeria beyond the dominant poverty-terrorism nexus narrative. Furthermore, the book analyses the various components of Boko Haram’s radical ideology, situates them in Islamic Jurisprudence, and examines the philosophy of the group (both in doctrine and practice) – their interpretation of the Koran and the waging of Jihad, and the extent to which they conform to the Islamic Sect Boko Haram claims to follow. The book then examines the basic doctrinal features and characteristics of Boko Haram – waging Jihad, prohibiting revealing dresses for women and mixing of genders, rejecting western values and institutions, denouncing scientific inquiry and democracy, hostage taking, sexual exploitation of captives and other aspects of jus ad bellum and jus in bello in Islamic jurisprudence and international law. Finally, the book analyses the plight of vulnerable groups such as internally displaced persons, the atrocities committed against women and girls in the Boko Haram insurgency and the (in)ability of international law to enforce the protections offered to the victims. From the perspective of critical intellectual inquiry, the book also challenges a number of fundamental assumptions and encourages us to revisit our legal characterisation of certain concepts such as “gender-based crimes”. It then goes further to analyse some legal grey areas in the Boko Haram insurgency such as the legal status of the Civilian Joint Task Force (CJTF) and the legal framework for holding members accountable for violations of international human rights and humanitarian law. Overall, the book represents a valuable contribution to scholarship, deepens our understanding and delineates how international law could respond to the Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria in particular and terrorism in Africa in general.

Boko Haram’s Terrorist Campaign in Nigeria

Boko Haram’s Terrorist Campaign in Nigeria
Author: Temitope B. Oriola
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 225
Release: 2021-11-29
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 100047982X
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This book investigates the devastating impacts of the Boko Haram terrorist campaign in Nigeria, reflecting on the group’s historical context, organizational dynamics, and emerging trajectories. Since its inception in 2002, Boko Haram’s terrorist campaign has become one of the major threats to security and human development in West Africa, killing tens of thousands of people, and displacing many more. This book reflects on the origins and development of Boko Haram, contextualizing it in the global trend of militant Islamist movements. It delves into the tactics of the organization, their deployment of sexual and gender- based violence against women and human rights abuses in the war against them. The war against Boko Haram has seen engagement from the international community, national and regional military operations, and also a range of civilian- led movements. This book reflects on the roles of these different actors, and the emerging trajectories that need to be considered in order to eradicate Boko Haram. Drawing on a range of disciplinary perspectives, this book will be of interest to researchers across the fi elds of sociology, political science, African studies, and peace and conflict studies.

Understanding Boko Haram

Understanding Boko Haram
Author: James J. Hentz
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Total Pages: 305
Release: 2017-05-08
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1315525046
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The primary objective of this book is to understand the nature of the Boko Haram insurgency in northeast Nigeria. Boko Haram’s goal of an Islamic Caliphate, starting in the Borno State in the North East that will eventually cover the areas of the former Kanem-Borno Empire, is a rejection of the modern state system forced on it by the West. The central theme of this volume examines the relationship between the failure of the state-building project in Nigeria and the outbreak and nature of insurgency. At the heart of the Boko Haram phenomenon is a country racked with cleavages, making it hard for Nigeria to cohere as a modern state. Part I introduces this theme and places the Boko Haram insurgency in a historical context. There are, however, multiple cleavages in Nigeria ̶ ethnic, regional, cultural, and religious ̶ and Part II examines the different state-society dynamics fuelling the conflict. Political grievances are common to every society; however, what gives Boko Haram the space to express such grievances through violence? Importantly, this volume demonstrates that the insurgency is, in fact, a reflection of the hollowness within Nigeria’s overall security. Part III looks at the responses to Boko Haram by Nigeria, neighbouring states, and external actors. For Western actors, Boko Haram is seen as part of the "global war on terror" and the fact that it has pledged allegiance to ISIS encourages this framing. However, as the chapters here discuss, this is an over-simplification of Boko Haram and the West needs to address the multiple dimension of Boko Haram. This book will be of much interest to students of terrorism and political violence, insurgencies, African politics, war and conflict studies, and IR in general.

Insurgency and War in Nigeria

Insurgency and War in Nigeria
Author: Akali Omeni
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Total Pages: 427
Release: 2019-12-12
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1788317254
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Boko Haram is the major threat to the Nigerian state, and has emerged as a destabilizing factor across sub-Saharan Africa. This is now a major focus of global policy-making, as between 2013 and 2014 insurgency-related deaths in Nigeria exceeded those in Iraq and Afghanistan. This book is the first to focus on the military nature of Boko Haram, the reasons for its success in those specific regions of the Chad basin it operates in and a detailed history of the Nigerian army's counter-insurgency – with whom, uniquely, the author has spent research time. The book identifies and analyses the battles and skirmishes on the front line, as well as unearthing a wider explanation for Boko Haram's military success and the causes of the instability in the region.

Boko Haram

Boko Haram
Author: Virginia Comolli
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 252
Release: 2015-01-06
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1849046085
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Northern and central Nigeria are engulfed in a violent insurgency campaign waged by Jama'atu Ahlis Sunnah Lidda'awati w'al Jihad, a.k.a. 'Boko Haram', and more recently, its splinter group 'Ansaru'. From its inception an inward-looking, almost parochial, movement, Boko Haram, and even more so Ansaru, have now showed clear signs of regionalization, expanding their operations across West Africa and forging links with al-Qaeda affiliated groups. Boko Haram's stated aim is to Islamize Africa's most populous country but, like earlier Nigerian Islamist groups, of which there is a long tradition in the Sahel, the discontent prompting young Nigerians and other young West African Muslims to join the insurgency is rooted in more than just religious orthodoxy and cannot be disentangled from their economic, social and political marginalization. In spite of talks about dialogue and amnesty for those prepared to renounce violence, the Federal Government's response has been a militarized one, resulting in the largest deployment of the Nigerian armed forces since the end of the Civil War. But what is the real magnitude of the threat? What can foreign partners do to support Abuja? How effective is the current government's strategy in tackling the insurgency? And, more importantly, are the root causes of the insurgency being addressed and the foundations for a durable peace being established?

The Boko Haram Insurgence In Nigeria

The Boko Haram Insurgence In Nigeria
Author: Edlyne Eze Anugwom
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 249
Release: 2018-12-06
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 3319969595
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This book focuses on the Boko Haram insurgence in Nigeria, and provides information on the origin and growth of the sect, antecedent and historical factors behind the insurgence, assessing a variety of socio-political drivers. The structure, organization and ideology of the sect are analysed, paying attention to internal splits within the group, as well as external relations with the Nigerian state, and global jihadism. The diverse and wide ranging issues covered in the book makes it valuable for academic researchers, students and policy practitioners both within Africa and beyond.

Boko Haram and the War on Terror

Boko Haram and the War on Terror
Author: Caroline Varin
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Total Pages: 209
Release: 2016-08-15
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1440844119
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A comprehensive analysis of the rise of Boko Haram from a small religious cult to a major terrorist group, placing them within the context of Nigerian politics and the international War on Terror. In 2009, Nigerian security forces stormed a religious cult by the name of Boko Haram, killing its leader and thousands of followers. Six years later, Boko Haram is an enemy to reckon with, boasting 15,000 members and taking credit for 20,000 deaths. This book looks at the successful rise of this terrorist group, probing the religious and political environment that enabled a relatively small cult to threaten a nation. The study draws on the author's fieldwork in Nigeria, where she had access to officials, activists, psychologists, and military personnel. Written in a clear and accessible manner, it offers a micro-to-macro investigation of the Boko Haram as a phenomenon. It also provides readers with an understanding of the regional dynamics that obstructed political and military cooperation among neighboring countries, enabling Boko Haram's success. This book traces the group's religious origins in the early 2000s and documents its violent political claims in Nigeria and across the border in Northern Cameroon, Niger, and Chad. Finally, it examines the impact of the international War on Terror and presents a comparative study of other contemporary terrorism movements and their networks.

Boko Haram’s Terrorism and the Nigerian State

Boko Haram’s Terrorism and the Nigerian State
Author: Olumuyiwa Temitope Faluyi
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 157
Release: 2019-03-08
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 3030057372
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This book assesses the effectiveness of Nigeria’s counterterrorist policies against Boko Haram. It takes a critical review of the interventionist strategies adopted by the Nigerian government, highlights the motivations behind the choice of strategies, and proffers a deeper understanding of the factors responsible for the state’s inability, thus far, to rid the country of terrorism. Specifically, it evaluates the NACTEST policy framework that guides the Nigerian state’s counterterrorist strategies, which contains both hard and soft power approaches. Adopting historical and case study approaches which put the Nigerian state and occurrences of violent conflict in context, it takes cognizance of the politics of ethno-religious diversity which reinforce violent conflicts among groups and against the state, and reviews the socio-economic and political realities that led to the emergence and sustenance of Boko Haram. The volume concludes by suggesting practical policy options for combating Boko Haram and other similar armed insurrection. This book is appropriate for researchers and students interested in African politics, conflict, security, peace studies, terrorism, and counterterrorism, as well as policy makers and government departments dealing with terrorism and counterterrorism.

Boko Haram

Boko Haram
Author: Ona Ekhomu
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 365
Release: 2019-11-20
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 135135891X
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Boko Haram analyzes the activities and atrocities of Nigeria’s Jihadi terrorist group, Boko Haram, in the context of global religious fundamentalism and extremism. The book traces the early beginnings of the religious sect, the conversion of its leader to radical Islam in 2002, and the group’s campaign of violence beginning in 2009 and continuing to the present. The group’s attacks against a variety of targets are examined in detail as are their general tactics and strategies. The Nigerian government response is also examined in order to provide critical lessons to counterterrorism planners, policy and government officials, and scholars. The initial military response was hampered by capability and legislative constraints including a lack of arms and ammunition, a lack of modern counterterrorism equipment, training gaps, leadership issues, intelligence gaps, politicization of the conflict, and limited support to the Nigerian military by the international community. Boko Haram looks at the work that has been done thus far, and what work needs to continue, to make gains to combat, marginalize, and ultimately defeat Boko Haram and resolve the conflict facing Nigeria. Key features: Outlines the history of Boko Haram and its emergence in Nigeria Provides the latest developments on fundamentalism in Nigeria, the growth of Boko Haram and the government response Focuses on the attacks, attack methodology and targeting of Boko Haram, addressing best-practice countermeasures Examines Boko Haram’s ties to other Islamist groups including ISIL/ISIS and others Details the importance for international cooperation in responding to Boko Haram’s activities and threats. About the Author: Dr. Ona Ekhomu, CFE, CPP, CSP, PCI, CPOI was born in Irrua, Nigeria. He holds the PhD from University of Pittsburgh. A policy analyst and security expert, Ekhomu is Chairman Trans-World Security Systems Ltd. and Chairman School of Management and Security (Lagos, Nigeria). President of Trans-World Security Systems Inc. of Chicago, Illinois, USA, Ekhomu is also a lecturer in the Sociology Department of the University of Lagos, Nigeria. He is President of the Association of Industrial Security and Safety Operators of Nigeria; Africa Representative of the International Foundation for Protection Officers; and former Regional Vice-President (West and Central Africa) of ASIS International. Ekhomu is author of Kidnap: Face to Face with Death (2014) and Effective Personal & Corporate Security (2009).