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The Language Problem in Belgium

The Language Problem in Belgium
Author: Maurice-Pierre Herremans
Publisher:
Total Pages: 46
Release: 1967
Genre: Belgium
ISBN:

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Languages in Contact and Conflict

Languages in Contact and Conflict
Author: Sue Wright
Publisher: Multilingual Matters
Total Pages: 100
Release: 1995-01-01
Genre: Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN: 9781853592782

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Papers explore new developments in the Dutch government's policy responses to the linguistic minorities constituted by recent immigration, the theoretical implications of linguistic groups in contact and conflict with one another, and the political reality which frames life in Belgium. Contributors discuss each other's papers in a debate section. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR


Automatic Text Simplification

Automatic Text Simplification
Author: Horacio Saggion
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 121
Release: 2022-05-31
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 3031021665

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Thanks to the availability of texts on the Web in recent years, increased knowledge and information have been made available to broader audiences. However, the way in which a text is written—its vocabulary, its syntax—can be difficult to read and understand for many people, especially those with poor literacy, cognitive or linguistic impairment, or those with limited knowledge of the language of the text. Texts containing uncommon words or long and complicated sentences can be difficult to read and understand by people as well as difficult to analyze by machines. Automatic text simplification is the process of transforming a text into another text which, ideally conveying the same message, will be easier to read and understand by a broader audience. The process usually involves the replacement of difficult or unknown phrases with simpler equivalents and the transformation of long and syntactically complex sentences into shorter and less complex ones. Automatic text simplification, a research topic which started 20 years ago, now has taken on a central role in natural language processing research not only because of the interesting challenges it posesses but also because of its social implications. This book presents past and current research in text simplification, exploring key issues including automatic readability assessment, lexical simplification, and syntactic simplification. It also provides a detailed account of machine learning techniques currently used in simplification, describes full systems designed for specific languages and target audiences, and offers available resources for research and development together with text simplification evaluation techniques.


Who Are We -- And Should It Matter in the 21st Century?

Who Are We -- And Should It Matter in the 21st Century?
Author: Gary Younge
Publisher: Bold Type Books
Total Pages: 257
Release: 2011-06-28
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 1568586639

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From those who insist that Barack Obama is Muslim to the European legislators who go to extraordinary lengths to ban items of clothing worn by a tiny percentage of their populations, Gary Younge shows, in this fascinating, witty, and provocative examination of the enduring legacy and obsession with identity in politics and everyday life, that how we define ourselves informs every aspect of our social, political, and personal lives. Younge -- a black British male of Caribbean descent living in Brooklyn, New York, who speaks fluent Russian and French -- travels the planet in search of answers to why identity is so combustible. From Tiger Woods's legacy to the scandal over Danish cartoons of the Prophet Mohammed, he finds that identity is inescapable, but solidarity may not be as elusive as we fear. We are more alike than we are unalike. But the way we are unalike matters. To be male in Saudi Arabia, Jewish in Israel or white in Europe confers certain powers and privileges that those with other identities do not have. In other words, identity can represent a material fact in itself. As Gary Younge demonstrates in this classic book, now featuring a new introduction,, how we define ourselves affects every part of our lives: from violence on the streets to international terrorism; from changes in our laws to whom we elect; from our personal safety to military occupations. Moving between fascinating memoir and searing analysis, from beauty contests in Ireland to the personal views of Tiger Woods, from the author's own terrifying student days in Paris to how race and gender affect one's voting choices, Gary Younge makes surprising and enlightening connections and a devastating critique of the way our society really works.


Language and Politics

Language and Politics
Author: Els Witte
Publisher: Vub Brussels University Press
Total Pages: 254
Release: 1999
Genre: Political Science
ISBN:

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How Can One Not be Interested in Belgian History

How Can One Not be Interested in Belgian History
Author: Benno Barnard
Publisher: Academia Press
Total Pages: 154
Release: 2005
Genre: Belgium
ISBN: 9038208162

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As Belgian history addresses questions of identity and security, of a sense of cohesion and common purpose or the lack thereof, this volume tells you why Belgium does matter.


The Politics of Belgium

The Politics of Belgium
Author: John Fitzmaurice
Publisher: C. HURST & CO. PUBLISHERS
Total Pages: 322
Release: 1996
Genre: Belgium
ISBN: 9781850652090

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This is a completely new work built on the foundations of the author's earlier study of Belgian politics published in 1983.


The United States of Belgium

The United States of Belgium
Author: Jane Judge
Publisher: Leuven University Press
Total Pages: 311
Release: 2018-10-24
Genre: History
ISBN: 9462701571

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New and comprehensive insights into the seminal events that shaped Belgian identity In 1790, between the birth of America (1776) and the creation of the French National Assembly (1789), nine provinces nestled between the French and Dutch borders declared themselves a new free and independent country: the United States of Belgium. Before then, the provinces had been part of the vast Austrian Habsburg Empire ruled by Joseph II. In 1789 revolutionaries from Brussels to Ghent to Namur recruited a grass-roots army that, to the surprise of many, successfully chased imperial forces from the majority of the territories. The exhilaration of military triumph and political independence quickly faded as revolutionary factions fought each other and the European monarchies became more nervous in the face of French radicalization. Yet, the course of events had fostered the solidification of a new identity among the provinces’ inhabitants: Belgianness. This is the story of the emergence of Belgianness in the crucible of revolution. The United States of Belgium tells the story of the First Belgian Revolution before the creation of a language barrier between French and Dutch. It incorporates over 50 contemporary images of the revolutionary era.