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The Kepler Conjecture

The Kepler Conjecture
Author: Jeffrey C. Lagarias
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 456
Release: 2011-11-09
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 1461411297

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The Kepler conjecture, one of geometry's oldest unsolved problems, was formulated in 1611 by Johannes Kepler and mentioned by Hilbert in his famous 1900 problem list. The Kepler conjecture states that the densest packing of three-dimensional Euclidean space by equal spheres is attained by the “cannonball" packing. In a landmark result, this was proved by Thomas C. Hales and Samuel P. Ferguson, using an analytic argument completed with extensive use of computers. This book centers around six papers, presenting the detailed proof of the Kepler conjecture given by Hales and Ferguson, published in 2006 in a special issue of Discrete & Computational Geometry. Further supporting material is also presented: a follow-up paper of Hales et al (2010) revising the proof, and describing progress towards a formal proof of the Kepler conjecture. For historical reasons, this book also includes two early papers of Hales that indicate his original approach to the conjecture. The editor's two introductory chapters situate the conjecture in a broader historical and mathematical context. These chapters provide a valuable perspective and are a key feature of this work.


The Kepler Conjecture

The Kepler Conjecture
Author:
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 472
Release: 2011-11-09
Genre:
ISBN: 9781461411307

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Dense Sphere Packings

Dense Sphere Packings
Author: Thomas Callister Hales
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 286
Release: 2012-09-06
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 0521617707

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The definitive account of the recent computer solution of the oldest problem in discrete geometry.


The Six-Cornered Snowflake

The Six-Cornered Snowflake
Author: Johannes Kepler
Publisher: Paul Dry Books
Total Pages: 160
Release: 2010-01-01
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1589882857

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"In 1611, Kepler wrote an essay wondering why snowflakes always had perfect, sixfold symmetry. It's a simple enough question, but one that no one had ever asked before and one that couldn't actually be answered for another three centuries. Still, in trying to work out an answer, Kepler raised some fascinating questions about physics, math, and biology, and now you can watch in wonder as a great scientific genius unleashes the full force of his intellect on a seemingly trivial question, complete with new illustrations and essays to put it all in perspective."—io9, from their list "10 Amazing Science Books That Reveal The Wonders Of The Universe" When snow began to fall while he was walking across the Charles Bridge in Prague late in 1610, the eminent astronomer Johannes Kepler asked himself the following question: Why do snowflakes, when they first fall, and before they are entangled into larger clumps, always come down with six corners and with six radii tufted like feathers? In his effort to answer this charming and never-before-asked question about snowflakes, Kepler delves into the nature of beehives, peapods, pomegranates, five-petaled flowers, the spiral shape of the snail's shell, and the formative power of nature itself. While he did not answer his original question—it remained a mystery for another three hundred years—he did find an occasion for deep and playful thought. "A most suitable book for any and all during the winter and holiday seasons is a reissue of a holiday present by the great mathematician and astronomer Johannes Kepler…Even the endnotes in this wonderful little book are interesting and educationally fun to read."—Jay Pasachoff, The Key Reporter —New English translation by Jacques Bromberg —Latin text on facing pages —An essay, "The Delights of a Roving Mind" by Owen Gingerich —An essay, "On The Six-Cornered Snowflake" by Guillermo Bleichmar —Snowflake illustrations by Capi Corrales Rodriganez —John Frederick Nims' poem "The Six-Cornered Snowflake" —Notes by Jacques Bromberg and Guillermo Bleichmar


The Kepler Conjecture

The Kepler Conjecture
Author: Samuel P. Ferguson
Publisher:
Total Pages: 269
Release: 2006
Genre:
ISBN:

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Least Action Principle of Crystal Formation of Dense Packing Type and Kepler's Conjecture

Least Action Principle of Crystal Formation of Dense Packing Type and Kepler's Conjecture
Author: Wu Yi Hsiang
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 425
Release: 2001
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 9810246706

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The dense packing of microscopic spheres (i.e. atoms) is the basic geometric arrangement in crystals of mono-atomic elements with weak covalent bonds, which achieves the optimal ?known density? of B/û18. In 1611, Johannes Kepler had already ?conjectured? that B/û18 should be the optimal ?density? of sphere packings. Thus, the central problems in the study of sphere packings are the proof of Kepler's conjecture that B/û18 is the optimal density, and the establishing of the least action principle that the hexagonal dense packings in crystals are the geometric consequence of optimization of density. This important book provides a self-contained proof of both, using vector algebra and spherical geometry as the main techniques and in the tradition of classical geometry.


The Great Mathematical Problems

The Great Mathematical Problems
Author: Ian Stewart
Publisher: Profile Books
Total Pages: 340
Release: 2013-03-07
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 1847653510

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There are some mathematical problems whose significance goes beyond the ordinary - like Fermat's Last Theorem or Goldbach's Conjecture - they are the enigmas which define mathematics. The Great Mathematical Problems explains why these problems exist, why they matter, what drives mathematicians to incredible lengths to solve them and where they stand in the context of mathematics and science as a whole. It contains solved problems - like the Poincar Conjecture, cracked by the eccentric genius Grigori Perelman, who refused academic honours and a million-dollar prize for his work, and ones which, like the Riemann Hypothesis, remain baffling after centuries. Stewart is the guide to this mysterious and exciting world, showing how modern mathematicians constantly rise to the challenges set by their predecessors, as the great mathematical problems of the past succumb to the new techniques and ideas of the present.


Dense Sphere Packings

Dense Sphere Packings
Author: Thomas Hales
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 286
Release: 2012-09-06
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 113957647X

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The 400-year-old Kepler conjecture asserts that no packing of congruent balls in three dimensions can have a density exceeding the familiar pyramid-shaped cannonball arrangement. In this book, a new proof of the conjecture is presented that makes it accessible for the first time to a broad mathematical audience. The book also presents solutions to other previously unresolved conjectures in discrete geometry, including the strong dodecahedral conjecture on the smallest surface area of a Voronoi cell in a sphere packing. This book is also currently being used as a blueprint for a large-scale formal proof project, which aims to check every logical inference of the proof of the Kepler conjecture by computer. This is an indispensable resource for those who want to be brought up to date with research on the Kepler conjecture.


Sphere Packings

Sphere Packings
Author: Chuanming Zong
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 245
Release: 2008-01-20
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 0387227806

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Sphere packings is one of the most fascinating and challenging subjects in mathematics. In the course of centuries, many exciting results have been obtained, ingenious methods created, related challenging problems proposed, and many surprising connections with other subjects found. This book gives a full account of this fascinating subject, especially its local aspects, discrete aspects, and its proof methods. The book includes both classical and contemporary results and provides a full treatment of the subject.


Conjectures and Refutations

Conjectures and Refutations
Author: Karl Raimund Popper
Publisher: Psychology Press
Total Pages: 614
Release: 2002
Genre: Knowledge, Theory of
ISBN: 9780415285940

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Conjectures and Refutations is one of Karl Popper's most wide-ranging and popular works, notable not only for its acute insight into the way scientific knowledge grows, but also for applying those insights to politics and to history. It provides one of the clearest and most accessible statements of the fundamental idea that guided his work: not only our knowledge, but our aims and our standards, grow through an unending process of trial and error.