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The IMF-World Bank Climate Policy Assessment Tool (CPAT): A Model to Help Countries Mitigate Climate Change

The IMF-World Bank Climate Policy Assessment Tool (CPAT): A Model to Help Countries Mitigate Climate Change
Author: Mr. Simon Black
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 72
Release: 2023-06-23
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

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To stabilize the climate, global greenhouse gas emissions must be cut by 25 to 50 percent by 2030 compared to 2019. Such an unprecedented rate of decarbonization necessitates climate mitigation policies across countries, notably carbon pricing, fossil fuel subsidy reform, renewable subsidies, feebates, emission rate regulations, and public investments. To design and implement effective, efficient, and equitable policies, governments need tools to assess economic, environmental, fiscal, and social impacts. To support this effort, the IMF and World Bank are making their joint Climate Policy Assessment Tool (CPAT) available to governments. CPAT is a transparent, flexible, and user-friendly model covering over 200 countries. It allows for the rapid quantification of impacts of climate mitigation policies, including on energy demand, prices, emissions, revenues, welfare, GDP, households and industries, local air pollution and health, and many other metrics. This paper describes the CPAT model, its data sources, key assumptions, and caveats.


Review of the Climate Macroeconomic Assessment Program Pilots

Review of the Climate Macroeconomic Assessment Program Pilots
Author: International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 34
Release: 2023-06-16
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

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This paper reviews the two Climate Macroeconomic Assessment Program (CMAP) pilots and proposes a way forward. It builds on the experience of the previous six Climate Change Policy Assessment (CCPA) pilots, and the recent rollout of the World Bank’s Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR). It also accounts for early experience with countries requesting support under the Fund’s Resilience and Sustainability Trust (RST). Based on the lessons from pilots and recent developments, staff proposes to streamline the CMAP to focus on the Fund’s comparative advantages in the areas of mitigation, PFM and macro-fiscal impact of climate change policies, provide a streamlined CMAP in exceptional circumstances, and expand more targeted CD in particular in support of RSF countries. This focused and tailored approach would benefit members as it is more agile, allows the Fund to serve more members within the same resource envelope and enhance synergies with other Fund products and the World Bank’s CCDR.


Policies to Address Climate Change

Policies to Address Climate Change
Author: Geoffrey N. Keim
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 22
Release: 2024-02-05
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

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While the near-term priorities are national defense and macroeconomic stabilization, gradually incorporating climate change considerations into policy design will become increasingly important after the war and into the long term. As regards climate change adaptation, investments will need to be made with a view to maintain long-term debt sustainability. Policy reforms will also be needed to move to a low-emissions economy to deliver international commitments and achieve the broader objective of European Union accession. Potential exists to deliver on climate priorities alongside implementing recovery and reconstruction efforts, while maintaining macroeconomic stability, and ensuring social protection and equity.


Japan

Japan
Author: International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 81
Release: 2024-05-13
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

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The Japanese economy continues to grow after the pandemic, with broad-based price increases following three decades of low inflation. The “new form of capitalism” agenda and children-related policies are key priorities for the Kishida administration, but the fiscal burden has increased.


The Nexus of Climate and Monetary Policy: Evidence from the Middle East and Central Asia

The Nexus of Climate and Monetary Policy: Evidence from the Middle East and Central Asia
Author: Nordine Abidi
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 30
Release: 2024-04-26
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

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This paper investigates the effects of climate shocks on inflation and monetary policy in the Middle East and Central Asia (ME&CA) region. We first introduce a theoretical model to understand the impact of climate risks on headline and food inflation. In particular, the model shows how climate shocks could affect the path of policy rates through food prices. We then use local projections to estimate the impact of climate shocks on headline and food inflation. The results show that price stability is more easily achievable under positive climate conditions. Overall, our findings shed new light on the importance of considering climate-related supply shocks when designing monetary policy, particularly in countries where food makes up a significant part of the CPI-basket.


Ukraine

Ukraine
Author: International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 21
Release: 2023-12-11
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

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Ukraine: Selected Issues


Cryptocarbon: How Much Is the Corrective Tax?

Cryptocarbon: How Much Is the Corrective Tax?
Author: Mr. Shafik Hebous
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 32
Release: 2023-09-15
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

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With increasing awareness of past environmental damage from crypto mining, questions arise as to how persistent the problem will be in the future and how taxation can help in addressing this negative externality. We estimate that the global demand for electricity by crypto miners reached that of Australia or Spain, resulting in 0.33% of global CO2 emissions in 2022. Projections suggest sustained future electricity demand and indicate further increases in CO2 emissions if crypto prices significantly increase and the energy efficiency of mining hardware is low. To address global warming, we estimate the corrective excise on the electricity used by crypto miners to be USD 0.045 per kWh, on average. Considering also air pollution costs raises the tax to USD 0.087 per kWh. Country-specific estimates vary depending on their electricity sources.


Principality of Andorra

Principality of Andorra
Author: International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 49
Release: 2024-03-06
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

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Principality of Andorra: Selected Issues


Cyprus

Cyprus
Author: International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 51
Release: 2024-05-28
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

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Cyprus: Selected Issues


Republic of North Macedonia

Republic of North Macedonia
Author: International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 59
Release: 2024-01-26
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

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Republic of North Macedonia: Selected Issues